Zvichienderana nedata rakakodzera, huwandu hwevashandisi vepasi rose veFTTH/FTTP/FTTB broadband huchasvika 59% muna 2025. Data rakapihwa nekambani inoongorora musika yePoint Topic rinoratidza kuti maitiro aya ekuvandudza achava akakwira ne11% kupfuura nhanho yazvino.
Point Topic inofanotaura kuti pachava nevashandisi vebroadband vanosvika mabhiriyoni 1.2 pasi rose panosvika kupera kwegore ra2025. Mumakore maviri ekutanga, huwandu hwevashandisi vebroadband pasi rose hwakapfuura bhiriyoni imwe chete.
Vanenge 89% yevashandisi ava vari mumisika makumi matatu yepamusoro pasi rose. Mumisika iyi, FTTH nedzimwe tekinoroji dzakabatana dzichanyanya kutora chikamu chemusika kubva ku xDSL, uye chikamu chemusika che xDSL chichadzikira kubva pa19% kusvika pa9% munguva yekufanotaura. Kunyangwe huwandu hwese hwevashandisi vefiber muchivako (FTTC) uye VDSL neDOCSIS-based hybrid fiber/coaxial cable (HFC) huchifanira kukwira munguva yekufanotaura, chikamu chemusika chicharamba chakagadzikana. Pakati pavo, FTTC ichave neinenge 12% yehuwandu hwese hwekubatanidza, uye HFC ichave neinenge 19%.
Kubuda kwe5G kunofanira kudzivirira mashandisirwo ebroadband akasimba munguva yekufanotaura. 5G isati yatanga kushandiswa, hazvigoneke kufanotaura kuti musika uchakanganiswa zvakadii.
Chinyorwa chino chichaenzanisa tekinoroji yePassive Optical Network (PON) yekuwana netekinoroji yeActive Optical Network (AON) yekuwana zvichibva pane hunhu hwenzvimbo dzekugara munyika yangu, uye kuongorora zvakanakira nekuipira kwekushandiswa kwayo munzvimbo dzekugara muChina. , Nekujekesa matambudziko akati wandei akakosha mukushandiswa kwetekinoroji yeFTTH yekuwana munzvimbo dzekugara munyika yangu, hurukuro pfupi pamusoro penzira dzakakodzera dzenyika yangu dzekuvandudza tekinoroji yekushandisa FTTH.
1. Hunhu hwemusika weFTTH wenyika yangu
Parizvino, musika mukuru weFTTH muChina pasina mubvunzo ndewevagari venzvimbo dzekugara mumaguta makuru, epakati nediki. Nzvimbo dzekugara mumaguta dzinowanzova nzvimbo dzekugara dzakaita sedzebindu. Zvinhu zvavo zvinoshamisa ndeizvi: huwandu hwemhuri. Nzvimbo dzekugara dzebindu rimwe chete dzinowanzova nevagari 500-3000, uye dzimwe dzacho dzinenge dziri makumi ezviuru zvemhuri; nzvimbo dzekugara (kusanganisira zvivakwa zvemabhizinesi) dzinowanzova nemakamuri emidziyo yekutaurirana ekuisa michina yekutaurirana uye kupihwa kwetambo munharaunda yese. Kurongeka uku kunodiwa kuti vashandi vekutaurirana vakwikwidzane uye vabatanidze masevhisi akawanda ekutaurirana. Kureba kubva mukamuri remakomputa kusvika kumushandisi kazhinji kusingasviki 1km; vashandi vemafoni makuru nevashandi veTV yecable vanowanzo verenga tambo diki (kazhinji 4 kusvika 12 cores) kuenda kumakamuri emakombiyuta edzimba dzekugara kana zvivakwa zvemabhizinesi; kutaurirana kwekugara uye kuwana CATV munharaunda. Zvishandiso zveCable ndezvemushandi wega wega. Chimwe chinhu chinoratidza musika weFTTH wenyika yangu kuvapo kwezvipingamupinyi mukupa masevhisi efoni: vanoshanda nefoni havabvumidzwe kushandisa masevhisi eCATV, uye mamiriro ezvinhu aya haagone kuchinjwa kwenguva yakareba mune ramangwana.
2. Sarudzo yeFTTH Access Technology munyika yangu
1) Matambudziko anosangana ne passive optical network (PON) muFTTH applications munyika yangu
Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza chimiro chenetwork uye kugoverwa kwenetwork yakanaka yepassive optical network (Passive Optical Network-PON). Zvinhu zvayo zvikuru ndeizvi: optical line terminal (Optical Line Terminal-OLT) inoiswa mukamuri repakati remakombiyuta remushandi wetelecom, uye passive optical splitters inoiswa (Splitter). ) Pedyo ne optical network unit (Optical Network Unit——ONU) kudivi remushandisi. Daro riri pakati peOLT neONU rakaenzana nedaro riri pakati pekamuri repakati remakombiyuta remushandi wetelecom nemushandisi, iro rakafanana nedariro rekuwana nharembozha razvino, iro rinowanzova makiromita akati wandei, uye Splitter inowanzova makumi emamita kusvika mazana emamita kure neONU. Chimiro ichi nehurongwa hwePON zvinoratidza zvakanakira zvePON: network yese kubva mukamuri repakati remakombiyuta kuenda kumushandisi inetwork isingashande; huwandu hwakawanda hwefiber optic cable zviwanikwa kubva mukamuri repakati remakombiyuta kuenda kumushandisi zvinochengetwa; nekuti munhu mumwe chete-kune-vakawanda, huwandu hwemidziyo mukamuri repakati remakombiyuta hunoderedzwa uye Scale, zvichideredza huwandu hwewaya mukamuri repakati remakombiyuta.
Kurongeka kwakanaka kwe network ye "passive optical network" (PON) munzvimbo yekugara: OLT inoiswa mukamuri repakati remakombiyuta remushandi wenharembozha. Zvichienderana nepfungwa yekuti Splitter iri pedyo nemushandisi sezvinobvira, Splitter inoiswa mubhokisi rekugovera pasi. Zviri pachena kuti, kurongeka uku kwakanaka kunogona kuratidza mabhenefiti aripo ePON, asi zvichaunza matambudziko anotevera: Chekutanga, tambo ye fiber optic ine nhamba yepamusoro inodiwa kubva mukamuri repakati remakombiyuta kuenda kunzvimbo yekugara, senge 3000 residential quarters, inoverengerwa pachiyero chebazi che1:16, Inenge tambo ye fiber optical fiber inosvika 200-core inodiwa, asi parizvino ma cores 4-12 chete, zvakaoma zvikuru kuwedzera kuiswa kwetambo ye optical; chechipiri, vashandisi havagone kusarudza mushandi vakasununguka, vanogona kusarudza sevhisi inopihwa nemushandi wenharembozha mumwe chete, uye hazvidzivisiki kuti mushandi mumwe chete atore chinzvimbo. Mamiriro ebhizinesi haana kukodzera kukwikwidza kwevashandi vakawanda, uye zvido zvevashandisi hazvigone kudzivirirwa zvinobudirira. Chechitatu, ma "passive optical distributors" akaiswa mubhokisi rekugovera pasi achaita kuti ma "distribution nodes" apararira zvakanyanya, zvichikonzera kuoma kwekugovera, kugadzirisa uye kutarisira. Zvinotonyanya kuoma; chechina, hazvigoneki kuvandudza kushandiswa kwemidziyo yenetwork uye ma "access ports" ayo, nekuti mukati mekufukidza kwePON imwe chete, mwero wekupinda kwemushandisi wakaoma kusvika 100%.
Kurongeka kwe network ye "passive optical network" (PON) munzvimbo yekugara: OLT neSplitter zvese zviri mukamuri remakombiyuta renzvimbo yekugara. Zvakanakira zve "realistic layout" iyi ndeizvi: tambo dze fiber optic dzakaderera chete dzinodiwa kubva mukamuri repakati remakombiyuta kuenda kunzvimbo yekugara, uye zviwanikwa zve cable ye optical zviripo zvinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa; mitsetse yekupinda yenzvimbo yese yekugara yakasungirirwa mukamuri remakombiyuta renzvimbo yekugara, zvichibvumira vashandisi kusarudza vakasununguka vashandisi vakasiyana ve telecom. Kune vanoshanda ne telecom, network iri nyore kwazvo kugovera, kuchengetedza uye kutarisira; nekuti michina yekupinda uye mapaneru ari mukamuri rimwe chete re cell, pasina mubvunzo zvichavandudza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kweport yemidziyo, uye michina yekupinda inogona kuwedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma zvichienderana nekuwedzera kwenhamba yevashandisi vekupinda. . Zvisinei, iyi "realistic layout" inewo zvikanganiso zvayo zvakajeka: Chekutanga, chimiro che network chekurasa PON ndicho chinhu chikuru chine passive networks, uye central computer room kune user network ichiri network inoshanda; chechipiri, haichengetedze fiber optic cable resources nekuda kwePON; , michina yePON ine network inodhura uye yakaoma.
Muchidimbu, PON ine mativi maviri anopesana mukushandiswa kweFTTH kwedzimba dzekugara: Zvichienderana nechimiro chenetwork chakakodzera uye marongerwo ePON, inogona kupa mukana kune zvayakanakira pakutanga: network yese kubva kukamuri repakati rekombuta kusvika kumushandisi inetwork isingashande, iyo inochengetedza nzvimbo yakawanda yekombuta yepakati. Kune zviwanikwa zvetambo dzefiber optic dzemushandisi, huwandu nehukuru hwemidziyo mukamuri repakati rekombuta zviri nyore; zvisinei, zvinounzawo zvikanganiso zvisingagamuchirwi: kuwedzera kukuru mukuisa mitsara yetambo dzefiber optic kunodiwa; ma node ekugovera akapararira, uye kugoverwa kwenhamba, kugadziriswa uye manejimendi kwakaoma zvikuru; vashandisi havagone kusarudza vakasununguka. Vashandisi havabatsiri kukwikwidzana kwevashandisi vakawanda, uye zvido zvevashandisi hazvigone kuvimbiswa zvinobudirira; kushandiswa kwemidziyo yenetwork uye ma access ports ayo kwakaderera. Kana marongerwo chaiwo enetwork isingashande (PON) mukota yekugara akashandiswa, zviwanikwa zvetambo dzeoptical zviripo zvinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa. Imba yekombuta yenharaunda ine waya yakafanana, zviri nyore kwazvo kugovera, kuchengetedza uye kutarisira nhamba. Vashandisi vanogona kusarudza vakasununguka mushandisi, izvo zvinovandudza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwechiteshi cheMidziyo, asi panguva imwe chete vakarasa mabhenefiti maviri makuru ePON se network isingashande uye kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvetambo dze fiber optic. Parizvino, inofanirawo kutsungirira matambudziko emitengo yakakwira yemidziyo yePON uye chimiro chakaoma che network.
2) Sarudzo yetekinoroji yekuwana yeFTTH yenharaunda dzekugara munyika yangu - tekinoroji yekuwana yePoint-to-point (P2P) yeActive Optical Network (AON) munzvimbo dzekugara
Zviri pachena kuti zvakanakira zvePON zvinopera munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda. Sezvo tekinoroji yePON iripo isati yakura uye mutengo wemidziyo uchiramba wakakwira, tinotenda kuti zviri nyore uye zvine musoro kusarudza tekinoroji yeAON kuti uwane FTTH, nekuti:
- Makamuri emakombiyuta anowanzo gadzirwa munharaunda;
Tekinoroji yeP2P yeAON yakura uye inodhura zvishoma. Inogona kupa bandwidth ye100M kana 1G zviri nyore uye inoita kuti pave nekubatana kwakanaka nemanetiweki emakomputa aripo;
-Hapana chikonzero chekuwedzera kuiswa kwetambo dzemagetsi kubva mukamuri repakati remuchina kuenda kunzvimbo yekugara;
－－Marongerwo enetwork ari nyore, mari shoma yekuvaka nekushandisa nekugadzirisa;
-Kuisa waya pakati pemakombiyuta mukamuri remunharaunda, zviri nyore kugovera manhamba, kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa;
-Bvumira vashandisi kusarudza vakasununguka vashandisi, izvo zvinobatsira kukwikwidzana kwevashandisi vakawanda, uye zvido zvevashandisi zvinogona kuchengetedzwa zvinobudirira kuburikidza nemakwikwi;
——Kushandiswa kwechiteshi chemidziyo kwakakwira zvikuru, uye kugona kwayo kunogona kuwedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma zvichienderana nekuwedzera kwenhamba yevashandisi vekushandisa.
Chimiro chenetwork yeFTTH yakavakirwa paAON. Tambo yefiber optic iri pasi-core inoshandiswa kubva mukamuri repakati rekombuta yemutengi wefoni kuenda mukamuri rekombuta yemunharaunda. Sisitimu yekuchinjana inoiswa mukamuri rekombuta yemunharaunda, uye nzira yekubatanidza point-to-point (P2P) inotorwa kubva mukamuri rekombuta yemunharaunda kuenda kuchiteshi chemushandisi. Midziyo inouya uye mapaneru epatch akaiswa zvakaenzana mukamuri rekombuta yemunharaunda, uye network yese inoshandisa protocol yeEthernet ine tekinoroji yakakura uye mutengo wakaderera. Network yeAON yepoint-to-point FTTH parizvino ndiyo tekinoroji yeFTTH inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muJapan neUnited States. Pakati pevashandisi veFTTH vanosvika mamiriyoni mashanu pasi rose, vanopfuura 95% vanoshandisa tekinoroji yekushandura P2P inoshanda. Zvakanakira zvayo zvikuru ndeizvi:
－－Kureba kwebhendi: nyore kuona kuti nzira mbiri dzekuwana broadband dze100M dzakagadzikana;
-Inogona kutsigira mukana weinternet broadband, mukana weCATV uye mukana wefoni, uye kuita kuti network nhatu dzibatanidzwe munetwork yekuwana;
－－Tsigira bhizinesi idzva rinoonekwa mune ramangwana: vhidhiyofoni, VOD, cinema yedhijitari, hofisi iri kure, kuratidzwa kwepamhepo, dzidzo yeTV, kurapwa kuri kure, kuchengetwa kwedata uye kuchengetedza data, nezvimwewo;
－－Marongerwo enetwork ari nyore, tekinoroji yakakura uye mutengo wakaderera wekupinda;
－－Imba yemakombiyuta chete munharaunda ndiyo nzvimbo inoshanda. Isa waya dzemakombiyuta panzvimbo imwe chete kuderedza mari yekugadzirisa uye kuvandudza kushandiswa kwezviteshi zvemidziyo;
-Bvumira vashandisi kusarudza vakasununguka vashandi, izvo zvinobatsira kukwikwidzana pakati pevashandi vefoni;
- Chengetedzai zviwanikwa zve fiber optic cable kubva mukamuri repakati remakombiyuta kuenda kunharaunda zvinobudirira, uye hapana chikonzero chekuwedzera kuiswa kwefiber optic cables kubva mukamuri repakati remakombiyuta kuenda kunharaunda.
Tinotenda kuti zviri nyore uye zvinogoneka kusarudza tekinoroji yeAON kuti uwane FTTH, nekuda kwekusava nechokwadi mukuvandudzwa kwemitemo netekinoroji yePON:
-Mutengo uyu uchangobva kuoneka, une shanduro dzakawanda (EPON & GPON), uye makwikwi emutengo uyu haana chokwadi chekusimudzirwa mune ramangwana.
－Midziyo yakakodzera inoda makore 3-5 ekugadzirisa uye kukura. Zvichave zvakaoma kukwikwidzana nemidziyo yeEthernet P2P iripo pamutengo uye mukurumbira mumakore 3-5 anotevera.
Midziyo ye-PON optoelectronic inodhura: transmission ine simba guru, inomhanyisa burst transmission uye kugamuchira; michina ye-optoelectronic iripo parizvino iri kure nekukwanisa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa pakugadzira masisitimu ePON anodhura zvishoma.
-Parizvino, avhareji yemutengo wekutengesa wemidziyo yeEPON yekune dzimwe nyika imadhora ekuAmerica chiuru kusvika chiuru nemazana mashanu.
3. Teererai njodzi dzetekinoroji yeFTTH uye dzivisai kukumbira rutsigiro rwekuwana masevhisi akazara.
Vashandisi vazhinji vanoda FTTH kuti itsigire masevhisi ese, uye panguva imwe chete inotsigira mukana weinternet yebroadband, mukana wecable television (CATV) uye mukana wefoni wekare, kureva mukana wekutamba katatu, tichitarisira kuwana tekinoroji yeFTTH nedanho rimwe chete. Tinotenda kuti zvakanaka kukwanisa kutsigira mukana weinternet yebroadband, mukana weterevhizheni wakaganhurirwa (CATV) uye mukana wefoni wenguva dzose, asi kutaura chokwadi kune njodzi huru dzehunyanzvi.
Parizvino, pakati pevashandisi veFTTH vanosvika mamiriyoni mashanu pasi rose, vanopfuura 97% veFTTH access networks vanongopa masevhisi eInternet broadband, nekuti mutengo weFTTH wekupa foni yechinyakare yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura mutengo wetekinoroji yefoni iripo, uye kushandiswa kwefiber ye optical kutumira foni yechinyakare yakasimbiswa. Nhare inewo dambudziko remagetsi efoni. Kunyangwe AON, EPON neGPON vese vachitsigira triple play access. Zvisinei, zviyero zveEPON neGPON zvangoburitswa, uye zvinotora nguva kuti tekinoroji ikure. Makwikwi pakati peEPON neGPON uye kusimudzirwa kwezviyero izvi zviviri munguva yemberi hazvina chokwadi, uye chimiro chayo chenetwork che point-to-multipoint passive hachina kukodzera huwandu hweChina. Mashandisirwo enzvimbo dzekugara. Uyezve, zvishandiso zvine chekuita neEPON neGPON zvinoda makore mashanu ekugadzirisa uye kukura. Mumakore mashanu anotevera, zvichave zvakaoma kukwikwidzana nemidziyo yeEthernet P2P iripo maererano nemutengo nemukurumbira. Parizvino, zvishandiso zvemagetsi zve opto hazvikwanisi kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira zvishoma. Zvinodiwa zveCost PON system. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kutsvaga nzira dzeFTTH dzekushandisa EPON kana GPON pasina kufunga nezvekushandisa EPON kana GPON panguva ino kuchaunza njodzi huru dzehunyanzvi.
Pa network yekupinda, chinhu chisingadzivisike kuti fiber ye optical itsive tambo dzakasiyana dzemhangura. Zvisinei, fiber ye optical ichatsiva tambo dzemhangura zvachose neusiku humwe. Hazvina musoro uye hazvifungidzike kuti masevhisi ese anowanikwa kuburikidza nefiber ye optical. Chero kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye kushandiswa kunoitika zvishoma nezvishoma, uye FTTH haisi mutsauko. Nokudaro, mukutanga kwekuvandudza nekusimudzira FTTH, kuvapo kwefiber ye optical netambo yemhangura hakudzivisiki. Kuvapo kwefiber ye optical netambo yemhangura kunogona kugonesa vashandisi nevanoshanda nefoni kudzivirira njodzi dzehunyanzvi dzeFTTH. Chekutanga, tekinoroji yeAON access inogona kushandiswa pakutanga kuti iwane FTTH broadband access nemutengo wakaderera, nepo CATV nefoni dzechinyakare dzakagadziriswa dzichiri kushandisa coaxial ne twisted pair access. Kune dzimba dzema villa, CATV access inogonawo kuwanikwa panguva imwe chete kuburikidza nefiber ye optical nemutengo wakaderera. Chechipiri, kune zvipingamupinyi zveindasitiri mukupa masevhisi efoni muChina. Vashandi vefoni havabvumirwi kushandisa masevhisi eCATV. Kusiyana neizvi, vashandi veCATV havabvumirwi kushandisa masevhisi efoni dzechinyakare (sengefoni), uye mamiriro aya achatora nguva yakareba mune ramangwana. Nguva haigone kuchinjwa, saka mushandi mumwe chete haagone kupa masevhisi ekutamba katatu paFTTH access network; zvakare, sezvo hupenyu hwetambo dze optical hunogona kusvika makore makumi mana, nepo tambo dzemhangura dzinowanzova makore gumi, apo tambo dzemhangura dzinofanira kurarama Kana hunhu hwekutaurirana hukadzikira, hapana chikonzero chekuisa chero tambo. Iwe unongoda kusimudzira michina ye fiber optic kuti upe masevhisi anopiwa netambo dzemhangura dzepakutanga. Kutaura zvazviri, chero bedzi tekinoroji yacho yakura uye mutengo uchigamuchirwa, unogona kusimudzira chero nguva. Midziyo ye optical fiber, nakidzwa nenguva iri nyore uye bandwidth yakakwira inounzwa netekinoroji itsva yeFTTH.
Muchidimbu, sarudzo iripo yekubatana kwe optical fiber ne copper cable, uchishandisa AON's FiberP2P FTTH kuti iwane internet broadband, CATV nemafoni echinyakare akagadzirwa achiri kushandisa coaxial ne twisted pair access, izvo zvinogona kudzivirira njodzi yeFTTH tekinoroji. Panguva imwe chete, nakidzwa nekureruka uye bandwidth yakakwira inounzwa ne FTTH access tekinoroji itsva nekukurumidza. Kana tekinoroji yakura uye mutengo wagamuchirwa, uye zvipingamupinyi zveindasitiri zvabviswa, michina ye fiber optic inogona kuvandudzwa chero nguva kuti iwane FTTH yakazara sevhisi.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-10-2021