E ai ki ngā raraunga e tika ana, ka eke te ōwehenga o ngā kaiwhakamahi whānui FTTH/FTTP/FTTB o te ao ki te 59% i te tau 2025. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga i whakaratohia e te kamupene rangahau mākete Point Topic ka 11% teitei ake tēnei ia whanaketanga i te taumata o nāianei.
E matapaetia ana e Point Topic ka eke ki te 1.2 piriona ngā kaiwhakamahi whānui o te ao katoa i te mutunga o te tau 2025. I ngā tau tuatahi e rua, i neke atu i te 1 piriona te tapeke o ngā kaiwhakamahi whānui o te ao.
Tata ki te 89% o ēnei kaiwhakamahi kei roto i ngā mākete 30 o runga o te ao. I roto i ēnei mākete, ka riro i te FTTH me ngā hangarau e pā ana te nuinga o te wā i te mākete xDSL, ā, ka heke te wāhi mākete xDSL mai i te 19% ki te 9% i te wā e matapaetia ana. Ahakoa me piki ake te tapeke o ngā kaiwhakamahi o te muka ki te whare (FTTC) me te VDSL me te taura muka/taura honohono (HFC) ranu (HFC) e hangai ana ki te DOCSIS i te wā e matapaetia ana, ka noho pumau tonu te wāhi mākete. I roto i a rātou, ka tata ki te 12% o te tapeke o ngā hononga ka eke ki te FTTC, ā, ka eke ki te 19% te HFC.
Ko te putanga mai o te 5G me aukati i ngā tono whānui pumau i te wā e matapaetia ana. I mua i te whakatinanatanga o te 5G, kāore tonu e taea te matapae i te nui o te pānga ki te mākete.
Ka whakatauritea e tēnei tuhinga te hangarau urunga Whatunga Whatu Āhuakore (PON) me te hangarau urunga Whatunga Whatu Āhuakore (AON) i runga i ngā āhuatanga o ngā hapori noho i tōku whenua, ā, ka tātarihia ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o tōna whakamahinga i roto i ngā hapori noho i Haina. , Mā te whakamārama i ētahi raruraru nui i roto i te whakamahinga o te hangarau urunga FTTH i roto i ngā rohe noho i tōku whenua, ka kōrerohia he poto mō ngā rautaki tika a tōku whenua mō te whakawhanake i te hangarau tono FTTH.
1. Ngā āhuatanga o te mākete ūnga FTTH o tōku whenua
I tēnei wā, ko te mākete matua mō te FTTH i Haina ko ngā kainoho o ngā hapori noho i ngā tāone nui, waenga me te iti. Ko ngā hapori noho tāone he hapori noho āhua māra. Ko ō rātou āhuatanga tino pai ko: te nui o ngā whare noho. Ko ngā hapori noho māra kotahi he 500-3000 te nuinga o te wā, ā, ko ētahi he tekau mano ngā whare noho; ko ngā hapori noho (tae atu ki ngā whare arumoni) he maha ngā rūma taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero hei tāuta i ngā taputapu urunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te tuku raina puta noa i te hapori. Me whai tēnei whirihoranga kia taea ai e ngā kaiwhakahaere waea te whakataetae tetahi ki tetahi me te whakauru i ngā ratonga waea maha. Ko te tawhiti mai i te rūma rorohiko ki te kaiwhakamahi he iti iho i te 1km; ko ngā kaiwhakahaere waea nui me ngā kaiwhakahaere pouaka whakaata taura kua whakatakoto i ngā taura whatu iti (te nuinga o te wā 4 ki te 12 matua) ki ngā rūma rorohiko o ngā whare noho, o ngā whare arumoni rānei; ko ngā rauemi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te urunga CATV i roto i te hapori nō ia kaiwhakahaere ia rauemi taura. Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga o te mākete FTTH o tōku whenua ko te noho mai o ngā arai ahumahi i roto i te whakarato ratonga waea: kāore e whakaaetia ngā kaiwhakahaere waea ki te whakahaere i ngā ratonga CATV, ā, kāore e taea te whakarerekē i tēnei āhua o nāianei mō tētahi wā roa a muri ake nei.
2. Te whiriwhiri i te Hangarau Uru FTTH i tōku whenua
1) Ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te whatunga whatu kore mahi (PON) i roto i ngā tono FTTH i tōku whenua
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 1 i te hanganga whatunga me te tohatoha o tētahi whatunga whatu korekore pai (Passive Optical Network-PON). Ko ōna āhuatanga matua ko: kei roto i te rūma rorohiko matua o te kaiwhakahaere waea te pūrua raina whatu (Optical Line Terminal-OLT), ā, kei roto hoki ngā wehewehe whatu korekore (Splitter). ) Kia tata rawa atu ki te wae whatunga whatu (Optical Network Unit——ONU) i te taha kaiwhakamahi. Ko te tawhiti i waenga i te OLT me te ONU he rite ki te tawhiti i waenga i te rūma rorohiko matua o te kaiwhakahaere waea me te kaiwhakamahi, he rite ki te tawhiti urunga waea pumau o nāianei, he maha ngā kiromita te nuinga, ā, ko te Wehewehe he tekau mita ki te rau mita te tawhiti atu i te ONU. E whakaatu ana tēnei hanganga me te tahora o te PON i ngā painga o te PON: ko te whatunga katoa mai i te rūma rorohiko matua ki te kaiwhakamahi he whatunga korekore; he nui ngā rauemi taura muka whatu mai i te rūma rorohiko matua ki te kaiwhakamahi ka penapenahia; nā te mea he kotahi-ki-te-maha, ka whakaitihia te maha o ngā taputapu i roto i te rūma rorohiko matua, ā, ka Tauinehia, ka whakaitihia te maha o ngā waea i roto i te rūma rorohiko matua.
Ko te whakatakotoranga pai o te whatunga whatu kore mahi (PON) i roto i te rohe noho: Ka whakanohoia te OLT ki roto i te rūma rorohiko pokapū o te kaiwhakahaere waea. E ai ki te kaupapa kia tata rawa te Splitter ki te kaiwhakamahi, ka whakanohoia te Splitter ki roto i te pouaka tohatoha papa. Mārama noa, ka taea e tēnei whakatakotoranga pai te whakaatu i ngā painga o te PON, engari ka puta ake ngā raruraru e whai ake nei: Tuatahi, me whai taura muka whatu matua-nui mai i te rūma rorohiko pokapū ki te rohe noho, pērā i te 3000 wāhi noho, i tatauhia i te ōwehenga peka o te 1:16. Tata ki te 200-matua te taura muka whatu e hiahiatia ana, engari i tēnei wā he 4-12 noa iho ngā matua, he tino uaua ki te whakanui ake i te whakatakotoranga o te taura whatu; tuarua, kāore e taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te whiriwhiri noa i te kaiwhakahaere, ka taea anake te whiriwhiri i te ratonga e whakaratohia ana e te kaiwhakahaere waea kotahi, ā, he mea kore e taea te karo i te kotahi kaiwhakahaere te mana motuhake. Kāore te āhua pakihi e pai ana ki te whakataetae a ngā kaiwhakahaere maha, ā, kāore e taea te tiaki pai i ngā painga o ngā kaiwhakamahi. Tuatoru, ko ngā tohatoha whatu kore e whakanohoia ki roto i te pouaka tohatoha papa ka meinga ngā pona tohatoha kia marara rawa, ka hua ake he tino uaua te tohatoha, te tiaki me te whakahaere. He tata kore e taea; tuawhā, he kore e taea te whakapai ake i te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu whatunga me ōna tauranga urunga, nā te mea i roto i te kapinga o te PON kotahi, he uaua ki te whakatutuki i te reiti urunga kaiwhakamahi 100%.
Ko te whakatakotoranga tūturu o te whatunga whatu kore mahi (PON) i roto i te rohe noho: Kei roto i te rūma rorohiko o te rohe noho te OLT me te Splitter. Ko ngā painga o tēnei whakatakotoranga tūturu: ko ngā taura muka whatu iti-matua anake e hiahiatia ana mai i te rūma rorohiko matua ki te rohe noho, ā, ka taea e ngā rauemi taura whatu o nāianei te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia; ko ngā raina urunga o te rohe noho katoa kua honoa ki roto i te rūma rorohiko o te rohe noho, e āhei ai ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te whiriwhiri noa i ngā kaiwhakahaere waea rerekē. Mō ngā kaiwhakahaere waea, he tino ngāwari te tohatoha, te tiaki me te whakahaere i te whatunga; nā te mea kei roto i te rūma pūtau kotahi ngā taputapu urunga me ngā papaki, kāore e kore ka tino whakapai ake i te whakamahinga tauranga o ngā taputapu, ā, ka taea te whakawhānui haere i ngā taputapu urunga kia rite ki te pikinga o te maha o ngā kaiwhakamahi urunga. . Heoi, he ngoikoretanga kitea anō hoki tēnei whakatakotoranga tūturu: Tuatahi, ko te hanganga whatunga o te whakakore i te PON te painga nui o ngā whatunga kore mahi, ā, ko te rūma rorohiko matua ki te whatunga kaiwhakamahi he whatunga hohe tonu; tuarua, kāore e penapena rauemi taura muka whatu nā te PON; , he nui te utu me te hanganga whatunga uaua o ngā taputapu PON.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, e rua ngā taha whakahē o te PON i roto i te tono FTTH o ngā wāhi noho: E ai ki te hanganga whatunga pai me te tahora o te PON, ka taea e ia te whakamahi i ōna painga taketake: ko te whatunga katoa mai i te rūma rorohiko matua ki te kaiwhakamahi he whatunga kore mahi, e penapena ana i te nui o te rūma rorohiko matua. Ki ngā rauemi taura muka whatu a te kaiwhakamahi, ka māmā ake te maha me te tauine o ngā taputapu i roto i te rūma rorohiko matua; heoi, he iti noa iho ngā ngoikoretanga e kore e whakaaetia: me nui ake te whakatakotoranga o ngā raina taura muka whatu; he marara ngā pona tohatoha, ā, he tino uaua te tohatoha tau, te tiaki me te whakahaere; kāore e taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te whiriwhiri noa. Kāore ngā kaiwhakahaere e pai ki te whakataetae maha-kaiwhakahaere, ā, kāore e taea te whakamana i ngā hiahia o ngā kaiwhakamahi; he iti te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu whatunga me ōna tauranga urunga. Mena ka whakamahia te tahora pono o te whatunga whatu kore mahi (PON) i roto i te wāhi noho, ka taea e ngā rauemi taura whatu o nāianei te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia. He rite te waea o te rūma rorohiko o te hapori, he tino ngāwari ki te tuku, ki te pupuri me te whakahaere i ngā tau. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te whiriwhiri noa i te kaiwhakahaere, e whakapai ake ana i te whakamahinga o ngā tauranga taputapu, engari i te wa ano ka whakarērea ngā painga nui e rua o te PON hei whatunga kore mahi me te penapena rauemi taura muka whatu. I tēnei wā, me tu atu anō hoki ki ngā ngoikoretanga o te utu nui o ngā taputapu PON me te hanganga whatunga uaua.
2) Te whiriwhiri i te hangarau urunga FTTH mō ngā hapori noho i tōku whenua - Te hangarau urunga Point-to-point (P2P) mō te Whatunga Whatu Kaha (AON) i ngā wāhi noho
E mārama ana, ka ngaro ngā painga o te PON i roto i ngā hapori noho taupori. Nā te mea kāore anō kia tino pakari te hangarau PON o nāianei, ā, kei te teitei tonu te utu o ngā taputapu, e whakapono ana mātou he mea pūtaiao ake, he mea whaihua ake hoki te whiriwhiri i te hangarau AON mō te urunga FTTH, nā te mea:
－Ko ngā rūma rorohiko e whakatūria ana i roto i te hapori;
-He pakari te hangarau P2P a AON, ā, he iti te utu. Ka taea e ia te whakarato i te whānui o te 100M, 1G rānei, me te whakatutuki i te hononga maeneene ki ngā whatunga rorohiko o nāianei;
-Kāore he take ki te whakanui ake i te whakatakotoranga o ngā taura whatu mai i te rūma mīhini matua ki te wāhi noho;
--Hanganga whatunga māmā, utu hanga me te whakahaere me te tiaki iti;
-He waea pokapū i roto i te rūma rorohiko o te hapori, he ngāwari ki te tuku tau, ki te tiaki me te whakahaere;
-Tukua ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te whiriwhiri noa i ngā kaiwhakahaere, he mea e pai ai te whakataetae a ngā kaiwhakahaere maha, ā, ka taea te tiaki pai i ngā painga o ngā kaiwhakamahi mā te whakataetae;
——He tino teitei te tere whakamahinga o te tauranga taputapu, ā, ka taea te whakanui haere i te kaha i runga i te pikinga ake o te maha o ngā kaiwhakamahi urunga.
He hanganga whatunga FTTH noa iho e ahu mai ana i te AON. Ka whakamahia te taura muka whatu iti-matua o nāianei mai i te rūma rorohiko matua o te kaiwhakahaere waea ki te rūma rorohiko hapori. Ka whakanohoia te pūnaha whakawhiti ki roto i te rūma rorohiko hapori, ā, ka whakamahia te aratau whatunga pūwāhi-ki-pūwāhi (P2P) mai i te rūma rorohiko hapori ki te pūwhakamahi. Ka whakanohoia ngā taputapu me ngā papaki ki roto i te rūma rorohiko hapori, ā, ka whakamahia e te whatunga katoa te kawa Ethernet me te hangarau pakari me te utu iti. Ko te whatunga FTTH pūwāhi-ki-pūwāhi a AON te hangarau urunga FTTH e whakamahia whānuitia ana i Hapani me te Hononga o Amerika. I roto i te 5 miriona kaiwhakamahi FTTH o nāianei i te ao, neke atu i te 95% e whakamahi ana i te hangarau P2P whakawhiti hohe. Ko ōna painga nui ko:
--Te whānui o te hononga: he ngāwari ki te whakatutuki i te urunga whānui 100M pumau e rua ngā ara;
-Ka taea e ia te tautoko i te urunga whānui Ipurangi, te urunga CATV me te urunga waea, me te whakatutuki i te whakaurunga o ngā whatunga e toru ki te whatunga urunga;
－－Tautoko i ngā pakihi hou e kitea ana i te heke mai: waea ataata, VOD, kiriata mamati, tari mamao, whakaaturanga ipurangi, mātauranga pouaka whakaata, maimoatanga hauora mamao, rokiroki me te tārua raraunga, me ētahi atu;
--He hanganga whatunga māmā, he hangarau pakari, he iti te utu urunga;
－－Ko te rūma rorohiko anake i roto i te hapori he pūnga hohe. Whakakotahitia ngā waea o te rūma rorohiko hei whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki me te whakapai ake i te whakamahinga o ngā putanga taputapu;
-Tukua ngā kaiwhakamahi kia whiriwhiri noa i ngā kaiwhakahaere, he mea e pai ai te whakataetae i waenga i ngā kaiwhakahaere waea;
-Ka penapena pai i ngā rauemi taura muka whatu mai i te rūma rorohiko matua ki te hapori, ā, kāore he take ki te whakanui ake i te whakatakotoranga o ngā taura muka whatu mai i te rūma rorohiko matua ki te hapori.
E whakapono ana mātou he mea pūtaiao ake, he mea whaihua ake hoki te whiriwhiri i te hangarau AON mō te urunga FTTH, nā te mea kāore i te tino mārama te whanaketanga o ngā paerewa me ngā hangarau PON:
-Kua puta noa mai te paerewa, me ngā putanga maha (EPON me te GPON), ā, kāore i te tino mārama te whakataetae o ngā paerewa mō te whakatairanga a meake nei.
-E 3-5 tau te roa o te whakapūmautanga me te pakeketanga o ngā taputapu e tika ana. Ka uaua ki te whakataetae ki ngā taputapu Ethernet P2P o nāianei i roto i ngā tau 3-5 e whai ake nei.
-He utu nui ngā taputapu hiko-whakaata PON: he kaha te tuku me te whiwhi pakū tere, he kaha te mana; kāore anō ngā taputapu hiko-whakaata o nāianei kia tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te whakaputa pūnaha PON utu iti.
-I tēnei wā, ko te utu hoko toharite mō ngā taputapu EPON o tāwāhi he 1,000-1,500 tāra US.
3. Kia tūpato ki ngā mōrearea o te hangarau FTTH, ā, kaua e tono pōuri mō te tautoko mō te urunga ratonga-katoa.
He maha ngā kaiwhakamahi e hiahia ana ki te FTTH hei tautoko i ngā ratonga katoa, ā, i te wā kotahi ka tautoko i te urunga Ipurangi whānui, te urunga pouaka whakaata taura (CATV) me te urunga waea pūmau tuku iho, arā, te urunga takaro-toru, me te tumanako ka tutuki i te hangarau urunga FTTH i roto i te taahiraa kotahi. E whakapono ana mātou he mea tino pai te tautoko i te urunga Ipurangi whānui, te urunga pouaka whakaata iti (CATV) me te urunga waea pūmau noa, engari he nui ngā tūponotanga hangarau.
I tēnei wā, i roto i te 5 miriona kaiwhakamahi FTTH o te ao, neke atu i te 97% o ngā whatunga urunga FTTH e whakarato ana i ngā ratonga urunga whānui Ipurangi anake, nā te mea he nui ake te utu o te FTTH ki te whakarato waea pūmau tuku iho i te utu o te hangarau waea pūmau o nāianei, me te whakamahinga o te muka whatu ki te tuku waea pūmau tuku iho. He raruraru anō hoki te waea mō te tuku hiko waea. Ahakoa e tautoko ana a AON, EPON me GPON i te urunga takaro-toru. Heoi, kua panuitia ngā paerewa EPON me GPON, ā, ka roa te wā kia pakeke ai te hangarau. Kāore anō kia tino mārama te whakataetae i waenga i a EPON me GPON me te whakatairanga a meake nei o ēnei paerewa e rua, ā, kāore tōna hanganga whatunga kore-ira-maha-ira e tika ana mō ngā tono rohe noho nui o Haina. Hei tāpiri, me 5 tau te iti rawa o te paerewa me te pakeketanga o ngā taputapu e pā ana ki a EPON me GPON. I roto i ngā tau 5 e whai ake nei, ka uaua ki te whakataetae ki ngā taputapu Ethernet P2P o nāianei i runga i te utu me te rongonui. I tēnei wā, he tawhiti rawa ngā taputapu hiko opto ki te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga whakaputa iti. Utu whakaritenga pūnaha PON. Ka kitea ko te whai matapo i te urunga ratonga-katoa FTTH mā te whakamahi i te EPON, te GPON rānei i tēnei wā ka tino kawe mai i ngā mōrearea hangarau nui.
I runga i te whatunga urunga, he mea e kore e taea te karo i te whakakapi i ngā taura parahi ki te muka whatu. Heoi, ka whakakapia katoatia ngā taura parahi e te muka whatu i te pō kotahi. He mea koretake, he mea kāore e taea te whakaaro kia uru atu ki ngā ratonga katoa mā roto i ngā muka whatu. He āta haere te ahunga whakamua me te whakamahinga o te hangarau, ā, kāore te FTTH i te rerekē. Nō reira, i te whanaketanga me te whakatairanga tuatahi o te FTTH, he mea kore e taea te karo i te noho tahi o te muka whatu me te taura parahi. Mā te noho tahi o te muka whatu me te taura parahi ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi me ngā kaiwhakahaere waea te karo i ngā mōrearea hangarau o te FTTH. Tuatahi, ka taea te whakamahi i te hangarau urunga AON i te wā tōmua hei whakatutuki i te urunga whānui FTTH i te utu iti, i te mea kei te whakamahi tonu a CATV me ngā waea pūmau tuku iho i te urunga takirua me te urunga takirua miro. Mō ngā whare noho, ka taea hoki te whakatutuki i te urunga CATV i te wā kotahi mā roto i te muka whatu i te utu iti. Tuarua, he arai ahumahi kei roto i te whakarato ratonga waea i Haina. Kāore e whakaaetia ngā kaiwhakahaere waea ki te whakahaere i ngā ratonga CATV. Engari, kāore e whakaaetia ngā kaiwhakahaere CATV ki te whakahaere i ngā ratonga waea tuku iho (pēnei i te waea), ā, ka roa rawa tēnei āhuatanga i te heke mai. Kāore e taea te whakarerekē i te wā, nō reira, kāore e taea e te kaiwhakahaere kotahi te whakarato ratonga tākaro-toru i runga i te whatunga urunga FTTH; anō, nā te mea ka taea e ngā taura whatu te eke ki te 40 tau, ko ngā taura parahi ia he 10 tau te roa, ka mutu te ora o ngā taura parahi. Ina heke te kounga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, kāore he take ki te whakatakoto taura. Me whakapai ake noa i ngā taputapu muka whatu hei whakarato i ngā ratonga e whakaratohia ana e ngā taura parahi taketake. Inaa, mena kua pakari te hangarau, ā, he pai te utu, ka taea e koe te whakapai ake i ngā wā katoa. Mā ngā taputapu muka whatu, ka taea e koe te whai wā ki te whakamahi i te whai wāhitanga me te whānui o te hononga e kawea mai ana e te hangarau FTTH hou.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te kōwhiringa o nāianei o te muka whatu me te taura parahi e noho tahi ana, mā te whakamahi i te AON's FiberP2P FTTH hei whakatutuki i te urunga whānui Ipurangi, ko te CATV me ngā waea pūmau tuku iho kei te whakamahi tonu i te urunga takirua coaxial me te takirua miro, ka taea ai te karo i te mōrearea o te hangarau FTTH. I te wa ano, kia pai ai te whai huatanga me te whānui o te hononga e kawea mai ana e te hangarau urunga FTTH hou i te wā e taea ai. Ina pakari te hangarau, ā, kua whakaaetia te utu, ā, kua whakakorea ngā arai ahumahi, ka taea te whakapai ake i ngā taputapu muka whatu i ngā wā katoa kia tutuki ai te urunga ratonga katoa FTTH.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-10-2021