Dukurikije imibare ifatika, umubare w’abakoresha umurongo mugari wa FTTH / FTTP / FTTB uzagera kuri 59% muri 2025. Amakuru yatanzwe n’isosiyete ikora ubushakashatsi ku isoko Point Topic yerekana ko iyi nzira y’iterambere izaba hejuru ya 11% ugereranije n’ubu.
Ingingo ya Topic iteganya ko mu mpera za 2025. hazaba hari abakoresha interineti bagera kuri miliyari 1.2.
Hafi ya 89% by'aba bakoresha bari mu masoko 30 ya mbere ku isi.Muri aya masoko, FTTH hamwe nikoranabuhanga bifitanye isano bizafata ahanini imigabane yisoko kuri xDSL, naho umugabane w isoko rya xDSL uzamanuka uva kuri 19% ujye kuri 9% mugihe cyateganijwe.Nubwo umubare rusange w’abakoresha fibre ku nyubako (FTTC) na VDSL na DOCSIS ishingiye kuri Hybrid fibre / coaxial cable (HFC) ugomba kuzamuka mugihe cyateganijwe, umugabane w isoko uzakomeza kuba mwiza.Muri byo, FTTC izaba hafi 12% yumubare rusange wihuza, naho HFC izaba 19%.
Kugaragara kwa 5G bigomba kubuza umurongo mugari mugari mugihe cyateganijwe.Mbere yuko 5G yoherezwa mubyukuri, ntibishoboka guhanura uko isoko izagira ingaruka.
Iyi ngingo izagereranya Passive Optical Network (PON) ikorana buhanga hamwe na Active Optical Network (AON) ikorana buhanga rishingiye kubiranga abaturage batuye mugihugu cyanjye, kandi isesengure ibyiza nibibi byogukoresha mumiryango ituye mubushinwa., Mugusobanura ibibazo byinshi byingenzi mugukoresha tekinoroji ya FTTH mu turere dutuye mu gihugu cyanjye, ikiganiro kigufi ku ngamba zikwiye igihugu cyanjye cyo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya FTTH.
1. Ibiranga isoko ryigihugu ryanjye FTTH
Kugeza ubu, isoko nyamukuru kuri FTTH mu Bushinwa nta gushidikanya ko ari abaturage batuye mu mijyi minini, mito n'iyoroheje.Imiryango ituye mumijyi ni ubusitani bwuburyo bwubusitani.Ibintu byingenzi biranga ni: ubwinshi bwingo.Imiryango imwe ituye mu busitani muri rusange ifite abaturage 500-3000, ndetse bamwe ni ingo ibihumbi icumi;abaturage batuyemo (harimo inyubako zubucuruzi) muri rusange bafite ibyumba byitumanaho kugirango bashyiremo ibikoresho byitumanaho hamwe nuhererekanyabubasha kumurongo.Iboneza birakenewe kubakoresha itumanaho kugirango bahangane kandi bahuze serivisi nyinshi zitumanaho.Intera kuva mucyumba cya mudasobwa kugeza uyikoresha muri rusange iri munsi ya 1km;abakora itumanaho rikuru hamwe nabakora televiziyo ya kabili bashyize mububiko buto (mubisanzwe 4 kugeza 12) insinga za optique mubyumba bya mudasobwa byamazu yo guturamo cyangwa inyubako zubucuruzi;itumanaho ryo guturamo hamwe na CATV kugera mubaturage Ibikoresho byinsinga ni ibya buri mukoresha.Ikindi kiranga isoko ry’igihugu cyanjye FTTH ni ukubaho inzitizi z’inganda mu itangwa rya serivisi z’itumanaho: abakora itumanaho ntibemerewe gukora serivisi za CATV, kandi uko ibintu bimeze ntibishobora guhinduka mu gihe kitari gito mu gihe kiri imbere.
2. Guhitamo tekinoroji ya FTTH mugihugu cyanjye
1) Ibibazo byugarije imiyoboro ya optique (PON) mubikorwa bya FTTH mugihugu cyanjye
Igishushanyo cya 1 cyerekana imiterere y'urusobekerane no gukwirakwiza umuyoboro mwiza wa optique (Passive Optical Network-PON).Ibintu byingenzi byingenzi biranga ni: optique yumurongo wa optique (Optical Line Terminal-OLT) ishyirwa mubyumba bya mudasobwa bikoresha itumanaho, hanyuma ibice bya optique bigashyirwa (Splitter).) Nka hafi ishoboka kumurongo wa optique (Optical Network Unit —— ONU) kuruhande rwabakoresha.Intera iri hagati ya OLT na ONU ihwanye nintera iri hagati yicyumba cya mudasobwa gikoresha itumanaho n’umukoresha, ibyo bikaba bisa n’intera igezweho yo kugera kuri terefone, ubusanzwe ni kilometero nyinshi, kandi Splitter muri rusange ni metero icumi kugeza metero amagana uvuye kuri ONU.Iyi miterere n'imiterere ya PON yerekana ibyiza bya PON: umuyoboro wose kuva mucyumba cya mudasobwa nkuru kugeza kumukoresha ni umuyoboro utuje;umubare munini wibikoresho bya fibre optique kuva mubyumba bya mudasobwa nkuru kugeza kumukoresha wabitswe;kubera ko ari umwe-kuri-benshi, umubare wibikoresho mucyumba cya mudasobwa yo hagati uragabanuka na Scale, bikagabanya umubare winsinga mucyumba cya mudasobwa nkuru.
Imiterere myiza yumurongo wa optique (PON) ahantu hatuwe: OLT ishyirwa mubyumba bya mudasobwa rwagati byumukoresha witumanaho.Ukurikije ihame ryuko Splitter yegereye uyikoresha bishoboka, Splitter ishyirwa mubisanduku byo hasi.Ikigaragara ni uko iyi gahunda nziza ishobora kwerekana ibyiza bya PON, ariko byanze bikunze bizana ibibazo bikurikira: Icya mbere, insinga nini ya fibre optique irasabwa kuva mucyumba cya mudasobwa nkuru kugeza aho ituye, nko kubamo 3000. , ubaze ku gipimo cyishami cya 1:16, Hafi ya 200-yibikoresho bya optique fibre fibre irakenewe, ariko kuri ubu ibice 4-12 gusa, biragoye cyane kongera umurongo wa optique;icya kabiri, abakoresha ntibashobora guhitamo kubuntu kubuntu, barashobora guhitamo gusa serivisi itangwa numukoresha umwe witumanaho, kandi byanze bikunze ko umukoresha umwe yiharira Imiterere yubucuruzi ntabwo ifasha amarushanwa yabakozi benshi, kandi inyungu zabakoresha ntizishobora. kurindwa neza.Icya gatatu, abakwirakwiza pasiporo optique bashyizwe mubisanduku byo hasi bizatera imiyoboro yo gukwirakwiza gutatana cyane, bivamo kugabana cyane, kubungabunga no kuyobora.Ndetse ntibishoboka rwose;icya kane, ntibishoboka kunoza imikoreshereze yibikoresho byurusobe nibyambu byinjira, kuko mubikwirakwizwa na PON imwe, igipimo cyabakoresha kiragoye kugera 100%.
Imiterere ifatika yumurongo wa optique (PON) mugace utuyemo: OLT na Splitter byombi bishyirwa mubyumba bya mudasobwa byakarere.Ibyiza byiyi miterere ifatika ni: gusa insinga ntoya ya fibre optique irakenewe kuva mucyumba cya mudasobwa yo hagati kugeza aho ituye, kandi ibikoresho bya optique bihari birashobora guhaza ibikenewe;imirongo igera kumurongo wose utuyemo watsindiye mucyumba cya mudasobwa cyahantu hatuwe, bituma abakoresha bahitamo kubuntu kubakoresha itumanaho ritandukanye.Ku bakora itumanaho, umuyoboro uroroshye cyane kugena, kubungabunga no gucunga;kubera ko ibikoresho byinjira hamwe na panele biri mubyumba bimwe, nta gushidikanya bizatezimbere cyane imikoreshereze yicyambu cyibikoresho, kandi ibikoresho byinjira bishobora kwaguka buhoro buhoro ukurikije ubwiyongere bwumubare wabakoresha..Nyamara, iyi miterere ifatika nayo ifite inenge zigaragara: Icya mbere, imiterere y'urusobekerane rwo guta PON ninyungu nini yimiyoboro ya pasiporo, kandi icyumba cya mudasobwa nkuru kumurongo ukoresha kiracyari umuyoboro ukora;icya kabiri, ntabwo ibika fibre optique ya kabili kubera PON;, Ibikoresho bya PON bifite igiciro kinini kandi imiterere y'urusobekerane.
Muncamake, PON ifite impande ebyiri zivuguruzanya mubikorwa bya FTTH byamazu yo guturamo: Ukurikije imiterere y'urusobe rwiza n'imiterere ya PON, irashobora rwose gutanga gukina kubyiza byumwimerere: umuyoboro wose kuva mubyumba bya mudasobwa nkuru kugeza kumukoresha ni a umuyoboro wa pasiporo, uzigama icyumba kinini cya mudasobwa yo hagati Kubikoresho byumukoresha wa fibre optique, umubare nubunini bwibikoresho mubyumba bya mudasobwa nkuru biroroshe;icyakora, izana kandi ibitagenda neza bitemewe: kwiyongera kwinshi mugushiraho imirongo ya fibre optique irakenewe;gukwirakwiza imitwe biranyanyagiye, kandi kugenera umubare, kubungabunga no gucunga biragoye cyane;abakoresha ntibashobora guhitamo kubuntu kubakoresha ntabwo bifasha amarushanwa yabakozi benshi, kandi inyungu zabakoresha ntizishobora kwizerwa neza;imikoreshereze yibikoresho byurusobe nibyambu byayo ni bike.Niba imiterere ifatika yumurongo wa optique (PON) mugihembwe cyo guturamo cyemewe, ibikoresho bya kabili bihari birashobora guhura nibikenewe.Icyumba cya mudasobwa cyabaturage gifite insinga imwe, biroroshye cyane kugenera, kubungabunga no gucunga imibare.Abakoresha barashobora guhitamo kubuntu kubakoresha, bitezimbere cyane imikoreshereze yicyambu, ariko mugihe kimwe, bakuyemo ibyiza bibiri byingenzi bya PON nkumuyoboro utambutse no kubika fibre optique.Kugeza ubu, igomba kandi kwihanganira ibibi byigiciro kinini cyibikoresho bya PON nuburyo bugoye bwurusobe.
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Biragaragara, ibyiza bya PON birashira mumiryango ituwe cyane.Nkuko tekinoroji ya PON iriho idakuze cyane kandi igiciro cyibikoresho gikomeza kuba hejuru, twizera ko ari siyanse kandi birashoboka guhitamo ikoranabuhanga rya AON kugirango FTTH ibone, kuko:
Room Ibyumba bya mudasobwa muri rusange byashyizweho mu baturage;
-Ikoranabuhanga rya P2P rya AON rirakuze kandi rihendutse.Irashobora gutanga byoroshye umurongo wa 100M cyangwa 1G kandi ikamenya guhuza imiyoboro ya mudasobwa ihari;
-Ntabwo bikenewe kongera umurongo wa insinga za optique kuva mucyumba cyimashini hagati kugeza aho utuye;
Structure Imiterere y'urusobe rworoshye, kubaka bike no gukora no kubungabunga ibiciro;
-Itsinga ryegereye mucyumba cya mudasobwa cyabaturage, byoroshye gutanga imibare, kubungabunga no gucunga;
-Emerera abakoresha guhitamo kubuntu kubuntu, bifasha mumarushanwa yabakozi benshi, kandi inyungu zabakoresha zirashobora kurindwa neza binyuze mumarushanwa;
——Ibikoresho byo gukoresha icyambu ni byinshi cyane, kandi ubushobozi burashobora kwaguka buhoro buhoro ukurikije ubwiyongere bwumubare wabakoresha.
Imiterere ya AON ishingiye kumurongo wa FTTH.Umugozi uri munsi ya fibre optique ikoreshwa kuva mubyumba bya mudasobwa bikoresha itumanaho kugeza mucyumba cya mudasobwa.Sisitemu yo guhinduranya ishyirwa mucyumba cya mudasobwa yabaturage, kandi uburyo bwo guhuza ingingo-ku-ngingo (P2P) byemewe kuva mucyumba cya mudasobwa rusange kugeza kuri terefone.Ibikoresho byinjira hamwe nibipapuro byashyizwe muburyo bumwe mubyumba bya mudasobwa byabaturage, kandi umuyoboro wose ufata protocole ya Ethernet hamwe nikoranabuhanga rikuze kandi bihendutse.Umuyoboro wa AON-ku-ngingo ya FTTH kuri ubu ni tekinoroji ya FTTH ikoreshwa cyane mu Buyapani no muri Amerika.Muri ubu miliyoni 5 zikoresha FTTH ku isi, abarenga 95% bakoresha ikorana buhanga rya P2P.Ibyiza byayo ni:
BandUmuyoboro mwinshi: byoroshye kumenya uburyo bubiri-100M bwagutse;
-Bishobora gushyigikira umurongo mugari wa interineti, kwinjira muri CATV no kugera kuri terefone, no kumenya guhuza imiyoboro itatu murusobe rwinjira;
Gushyigikira ubucuruzi bushya buteganijwe mu gihe kizaza: videwo, VOD, sinema ya digitale, ibiro bya kure, imurikagurisha rya interineti, uburezi bwa televiziyo, ubuvuzi bwa kure, kubika amakuru no kubika amakuru, n'ibindi.;
Imiterere yoroshye y'urusobe, ikoranabuhanga rikuze nigiciro gito cyo kubona;
－－Gusa icyumba cya mudasobwa mugace ni node ikora.Guhuza insinga z'icyumba cya mudasobwa kugirango ugabanye amafaranga yo kubungabunga no kunoza imikoreshereze yicyambu;
-Emerera abakoresha guhitamo kubuntu kubuntu, bifasha mumarushanwa hagati y'abakora itumanaho;
-Bika neza kubika ibikoresho bya fibre optique kuva mubyumba bya mudasobwa nkuru kugeza kubaturage, kandi nta mpamvu yo kongera ishyirwaho ryinsinga za fibre optique kuva mubyumba bya mudasobwa nkuru kugeza kubaturage.
Twizera ko ari siyanse kandi birashoboka guhitamo tekinoroji ya AON kugirango FTTH igerweho, kubera kutamenya neza iterambere ryiterambere rya PON nikoranabuhanga:
-Ibipimo bimaze kugaragara, hamwe na verisiyo nyinshi (EPON & GPON), kandi irushanwa ryibipimo ntirizwi neza kuzamurwa mu ntera.
Devices Ibikoresho bifitanye isano bisaba imyaka 3-5 yubuziranenge no gukura.Bizagorana guhangana nibikoresho bya Ethernet P2P bigezweho mubijyanye nigiciro no gukundwa mumyaka 3-5 iri imbere.
-PON optoelectronic ibikoresho birahenze: imbaraga-nyinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi wohereza no kwakira;ibikoresho bya optoelectronic biri kure yubushobozi bwo kuzuza ibisabwa byo gukora sisitemu ya PON ihendutse.
-Kugeza ubu, igiciro cyo kugurisha cyibikoresho bya EPON byo hanze ni 1.000-1,500 US $.
3. Witondere ingaruka zikoranabuhanga rya FTTH kandi wirinde gusaba buhumyi inkunga yo kubona serivisi zuzuye
Abakoresha benshi bakeneye FTTH kugirango bashyigikire serivisi zose, kandi icyarimwe bashyigikire umurongo mugari wa interineti, televiziyo ya kabili (CATV) hamwe na terefone gakondo ihamye, ni ukuvuga uburyo bwo gukina inshuro eshatu, bizeye kugera ku ikoranabuhanga rya FTTH mu ntambwe imwe.Twizera ko ari byiza gushobora gushyigikira umurongo mugari wa interineti, televiziyo nto (CATV) no kugera kuri terefone isanzwe, ariko mubyukuri hari ingaruka zikomeye za tekiniki.
Kugeza ubu, muri miliyoni 5 z'abakoresha FTTH ku isi, abarenga 97% by'imiyoboro ya FTTH itanga gusa umurongo mugari wa interineti, kuko ikiguzi cya FTTH cyo gutanga terefone gakondo irenze cyane ikiguzi cy'ikoranabuhanga risanzwe rya terefone, no gukoresha fibre optique yohereza gakondo gakondo Terefone nayo ifite ikibazo cyo gutanga amashanyarazi.Nubwo AON, EPON na GPON byose bishyigikira gukina gatatu.Nyamara, ibipimo bya EPON na GPON bimaze gutangazwa, kandi bizatwara igihe kugirango ikoranabuhanga rikure.Irushanwa hagati ya EPON na GPON no kuzamura ejo hazaza h’ibi bipimo byombi naryo ntirizwi, kandi imiterere-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya,Ahantu ho gutura.Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bijyanye na EPON na GPON bisaba byibuze imyaka 5 yubuziranenge no gukura.Mu myaka 5 iri imbere, bizagorana guhangana nibikoresho bya Ethernet P2P bigezweho mubijyanye nigiciro no gukundwa.Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bya opto ntibiri kure yo kuzuza ibisabwa bike.Igiciro cya PON ibisabwa.Birashobora kugaragara ko gukurikirana buhumyi FTTH yuzuye ya serivisi ukoresheje EPON cyangwa GPON muriki cyiciro byanze bikunze bizana ingaruka zikomeye za tekiniki.
Kumuyoboro winjira, ni inzira byanze bikunze fibre optique yo gusimbuza insinga zitandukanye z'umuringa.Nyamara, fibre optique izasimbuza rwose insinga z'umuringa ijoro ryose.Ntabwo bidashoboka kandi ntibishoboka ko serivisi zose zigerwaho binyuze muri fibre optique.Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga iryo ariryo ryose nibisabwa buhoro buhoro, kandi FTTH nayo ntisanzwe.Kubwibyo, mugutezimbere kwambere no kuzamura FTTH, kubana kwa fibre optique na kabili y'umuringa byanze bikunze.Kubana kwa fibre optique na kabili y'umuringa birashobora gutuma abakoresha n'abakora itumanaho birinda neza ingaruka za tekiniki za FTTH.Mbere ya byose, tekinoroji ya AON irashobora gukoreshwa mugihe cyambere kugirango igere kumurongo mugari wa FTTH ku giciro gito, mugihe CATV na terefone gakondo zikoreshwa ziracyakoresha coaxial kandi zigoramye.Kuri villa, kwinjira muri CATV nabyo birashobora kugerwaho icyarimwe binyuze muri fibre optique ku giciro gito.Icya kabiri, hari inzitizi zinganda mugutanga serivisi zitumanaho mubushinwa.Abakora itumanaho ntibemerewe gukora serivisi za CATV.Ibinyuranye nibyo, abakora CATV ntibemerewe gukora serivise gakondo zitumanaho (nka terefone), kandi iki kibazo kizaba igihe kirekire mugihe kizaza.Igihe ntigishobora guhinduka, kuburyo umukoresha umwe adashobora gutanga serivise zo gukina inshuro eshatu kumurongo wa FTTH;na none, kubera ko ubuzima bwinsinga za optique bushobora kugera kumyaka 40, mugihe insinga zumuringa muri rusange ni imyaka 10, mugihe insinga zumuringa ziterwa nubuzima Iyo ubwiza bwitumanaho bugabanutse, nta mpamvu yo gushyira insinga zose.Ukeneye gusa kuzamura ibikoresho bya fibre optique kugirango utange serivisi zitangwa ninsinga zumuringa zumwimerere.Mubyukuri, igihe cyose ikoranabuhanga rimaze gukura kandi ikiguzi kiremewe, urashobora kuzamura igihe icyo aricyo cyose.Ibikoresho byiza bya fibre optique, wishimire mugihe cyoroshye kandi umurongo mwinshi uzanwa nubuhanga bushya bwa FTTH.
Mu ncamake, guhitamo kwa fibre optique hamwe nu mugozi wumuringa ubana, ukoresheje FiberP2P FTTH ya AON kugirango ugere kumurongo mugari wa interineti, CATV na terefone gakondo zikoreshwa ziracyakoresha uburyo bwa coaxial kandi bugoretse, bishobora kwirinda neza ingaruka zikoranabuhanga rya FTTH Kuri kimwe igihe, shimishwa nuburyo bworoshye kandi bwagutse buzanwa na tekinoroji nshya ya FTTH yo kugera vuba bishoboka.Iyo tekinoroji ikuze kandi ikiguzi cyemewe, kandi inzitizi zinganda zivanyweho, ibikoresho bya fibre optique birashobora kuzamurwa igihe icyo aricyo cyose kugirango serivisi ya FTTH yuzuye igerweho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-10-2021