I-DWDM kanye ne-OTN ziyizinhlelo ezimbili zobuchwepheshe ezakhiwe ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-wavelength eminyakeni yamuva nje: I-DWDM ingabhekwa njenge-PDH yangaphambilini (ukudluliselwa kwe-point-to-point), kanti izinsizakalo eziku-inthanethi nezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ziqedwa ku-ODF ngokusebenzisa ama-hard jumpers; I-OTN ifana ne-SDH (izinhlobo ezahlukene zeNethiwekhi), enomsebenzi wokuxhumana okuphambene (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuxhumana okuphambene kwesendlalelo sikagesi noma isendlalelo esibonakalayo).
Ngokusheshisa okuqhubekayo kwenqubo ye-ALL IP, njengamanje, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umgogodla kazwelonke, umgogodla wesifundazwe noma uhlelo lwenethiwekhi yendawo lwe-WDM, i-OTN iyinto eyinhloko lapho kukhethwa imishini esigabeni sokuqala sokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi. Imishini ye-OTN ishintshe kancane kancane imishini ye-DWDM ngezinzuzo zayo eziyingqayizivele (Njengomshini we-SDH othatha indawo yemishini ye-PDH). Njengobuchwepheshe obusha kanye nohlobo lomkhiqizo omusha, i-OTN isibe yinto ebalulekile embonini yamanje. Lesi sihloko sizohlaziya futhi siqhathanise imishini ye-DWDM, i-OTN kanye nobuchwepheshe.
1 Imiqondo eyisisekelo ye-DWDM ne-OTN
Ngokushintsha kwezidingo zesevisi kanye nobuningi, kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa izinsizakalo ze-granularity enkulu ngokusebenzisa imicu ye-optical (i-fiber eyodwa noma i-fiber ekabili) bese uyihlukanisa ibe ama-wavelength ahlukene ukuze idluliselwe ibanga elide. Ubuchwepheshe be-multiplexing bokuhlukanisa ubude be-wavelength buyavela njengoba izikhathi zidinga.
I-DWDM iyi-multiplexing ye-wavelength division (i-Wavelength Division Multiplexing), ehlanganisa izimpawu ezibonakalayo zama-wavelength ahlukene zibe yi-fiber efanayo yokudlulisa. Ubuchwepheshe be-WDM buwubuchwepheshe bendabuko bokuhlukanisa ama-wavelength obuvuthiwe kakhulu iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi. Bungahlukaniswa ngezici ezimbili: i-sparse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM), ene-large wavelength interval (20nm); i-dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM), ene-large wavelength interval encane (engaphansi noma elingana no-0.8nm). Ngenxa yebanga elifushane lokudlulisa le-CWDM, inani elikhulu lamadivayisi e-DWDM asetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi okudlulisa akhona abaphakeli abahlukahlukene.
Uhlelo lwe-DWDM oluvulekile luqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo: I-OTM iqedela ukulayisha nokukhipha izimpahla esiteshini se-terminal se-optical line, i-OA iqedela ukucubungula kwe-optical relay amplification emsulwa yesignali ehlanganisiwe yesiteshi sokukhulisa umugqa we-optical, kanti i-OTU iqedela ukukhanya kwesignali ye-wavelength okungeyona ejwayelekile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nomsebenzi wokuguqulwa kwe-wavelength ye-G.694.1(2) yokukhanya kwesignali ye-wavelength ejwayelekile, i-OMU/ODU: iqedela i-multiplexing/demultiplexing yokukhanya kwesignali ye-wavelength ehleliwe ye-G.694.1(2), i-OBA (power amplifier) ithuthukisa amandla esignali ye-optical ehlanganisiwe ngokwandisa i-, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulise amandla okukhipha optical we-wavelength ngayinye, kanye ne-OPA (pre-amplification) ithuthukisa ukuzwela kokwamukela kwe-wavelength ngayinye ngokukhulisa amandla okukhanya esignali ye-multiplexed yokufaka.
I-OTN iyi-Optical Transport Network (Optical Transport Network), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-OTH (Optical Transport Hierarchy) ku-ITU-T. Yakhiwe ngesisekelo sokuhlukaniswa kwamaza okwendabuko futhi yahlanganisa izinzuzo ze-DWDM kanye ne-SDH. Ihlanganisa izinzuzo ze-optical domain kanye nokucutshungulwa kwesizinda sikagesi, inikeza amandla amakhulu okudlulisa, ukuxhumana okusobala ngokuphelele kwe-wavelength/sub-wavelength kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni kanye nokuvikelwa kwezinga lomthwali, futhi iwubuchwepheshe obuhle kakhulu bokudlulisa izinsizakalo ze-broadband ezinkulu. Eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, abaqhubi basebenzise imishini ye-OTN ngezinga elikhulu kumanethiwekhi ahlukahlukene okudlulisa.
2 Ukuqhathaniswa kwezici zobuchwepheshe ze-DWDM ne-OTN
Nakuba uhlelo lwe-DWDM luthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa imicu ye-optical futhi lusekela ukudluliselwa kwezinsizakalo ezinkulu ze-granularity, ngenxa yomkhawulo wobuchwepheshe bokuhlukaniswa kwamaza, amaza obubanzi ahlelwe ngendlela yephuzu kuya kwephuzu futhi awakwazi ukulungiswa ngokuguquguqukayo. Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza aliphezulu, futhi ukuguquguquka kokulungiswa kwensizakalo akwanele. Ukuhamba kwebhizinisi kushintshile, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukulungisa. Ukuhlela phakathi kwezinsizakalo ze-DWDM ikakhulukazi ukuhlela ngokomzimba ku-ODF. Ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi kuqapha kuphela ukusebenza kwesendlalelo se-optical (ama-byte okuphathwa kwenethiwekhi ambalwa futhi ulwazi lokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi lulula), futhi kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokuxazulula izinkinga kanye nobunzima obukhulu bokulungisa.
I-OTN idla ifa lomsebenzi wokudlulisa amandla amakhulu we-DWDM futhi inamandla okuhlela nokuvikela amalunga e-optoelectronic aguquguqukayo. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-ROADM, ubuchwepheshe be-OTH, ukufakwa kwe-G.709 kanye nendiza yokulawula, ixazulula inkinga yamanethiwekhi endabuko e-WDM angenawo amakhono okuhlela isevisi ye-wavelength/sub-wavelength. , Amandla okuxhumana abuthakathaka, amandla okuvikela abuthakathaka kanye nezinye izinkinga. Isendlalelo sikagesi sisebenzisa ukuhlela ngokusekelwe kubude be-wavelength (njenge-GE, 2.5G, 10G, 40G, 100G izinhlayiya), kanti ukuhlela kwesendlalelo se-optical kusekelwe kakhulu kubude be-wavelengths obuyi-10G, 40G noma 100G, ngokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwe-bandwidth; inama-byte amaningi aphezulu, futhi umsebenzi wayo we-OAM /P unamandla kune-WDM.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-OTN kanye ne-DWDM zingasetshenziswa ngokufanayo ku-optical layer, umehluko ukuthi i-OTN ine-subframe ye-electric layer. Ngakho-ke, amanye amadivayisi e-DWDM kunethiwekhi ekhona ayengezwa ngama-sub-frame e-electronic cross-connect futhi athuthukiswe abe yi-OTN.
3 Ukuqhathaniswa kwenethiwekhi ye-DWDM ne-OTN
Ukuxhumana okuxubile kwe-OTN kanye ne-DWDM kuzolahlekelwa izinzuzo ze-OTN (isakhiwo sohlaka sihlukile kwese-WDM yendabuko, futhi ukuxhumana kuzoba nomthelela).
Njengoba i-OTN optical cross-connect isetshenziswa kakhulu yi-ROADM module (elayishwe nge-WSS switch), uma ucabangela intengo ephezulu ye-ROADM, i-OM/OD kanye ne-OADM zisetshenziselwa ukwakha inethiwekhi yendandatho kanye nenethiwekhi yeketanga kunethiwekhi ye-OTN.
Kumanethiwekhi aboshwe ngamaketanga (njengemigqa ye-trunk ebangeni elide), izinzuzo ze-OTN azibonakali ngokugcwele ngenxa yezinsizakalo eziphakathi ezizinzile nezindlela zokuvikela, kodwa kusenezinzuzo kwezinye izici (ukusebenza kahle kwesiteshi okuphezulu kuholela ezindleleni eziphansi kune-WDM yendabuko), inethiwekhi ye-trunk yamanje isebenzisa kakhulu i-DWDM ne-OTN kumanethiwekhi abekwe ngaphezulu.
Kunethiwekhi yendawo, njengoba izinsizakalo zidinga ukuxhunywa njalo, isakhiwo senethiwekhi sivame ukushintshwa futhi sihlelwe, futhi indlela yokuvikela idinga ukushintshwa ngendlela eguquguqukayo, i-WDM yendabuko kumele ingakwazi ukwenza kanjalo. Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-OTN ziyabonakala.
I-OTN inikeza ikhono lokuphatha ubude be-wavelength ngayinye ku-fiber ngayinye, futhi i-OTN ingazivumelanisa kangcono nentuthuko yenethiwekhi yesikhathi esizayo.
4 Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-DWDM kanye ne-OTN Bearer Services
Isidingo se-OTN kagesi esishintshashintshayo sivela ekuveleni kwesilinganiso se-10G esingamagagasi angu-1. Uma isiteshi sifinyelela ku-10G, i-OTU yaso ingathwala ama-GE angu-4*2.5G noma angu-8 kuya kwangu-9; i-DWDM isebenzisa indlela yokukhomba iphuzu. Uma isidingo sesevisi sincane, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-OTU kubonakala kuwukuchitha imali. Ngenxa yalokhu, kubalulekile ukwethula umsebenzi wokuxhumanisa ofana ne-SDH ku-DWDM, ukuze kuthuthukiswe umsebenzi wokuxhumanisa kagesi we-OTN.
I-OTN inekhono lokuwela ngogesi, okungukuthi, ikhono lokuwela ngogesi elingadluli izinga ngesiteshi ngasinye (njenge-SDH). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uxhumano lokuwela ngogesi kanye noxhumano lokuwela ngogesi kuzimele. Uma kukhona ikhono lokuxhuma ngogesi kodwa kungekho uxhumano lukagesi, noma uxhumano lukagesi olungenalo uxhumano lokuwela ngogesi, lungabizwa ngokuthi i-OTN.
Ngenxa yokwehluka kwamamodeli okwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi (izindleko, izinhlayiya zesevisi kanye nesiqondiso sokugeleza), indlela ye-electrical crossover isetshenziswa kakhulu eShayina, kanti indlela ye-optical crossover isetshenziswa kakhulu kwamanye amazwe.
5 Isiphetho
Ngokuhlaziywa nokuqhathanisa okungenhla, kungabonakala ukuthi i-OTN ne-DWDM zihluke kakhulu ngokwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusetshenziswa. Ngokombono womthamo wokuxhumana okuhlanganisiwe, ubuncane besevisi kanye nokuguquguquka kwenethiwekhi, i-OTN inamandla kakhulu futhi ingahlangabezana kangcono nezidingo zokuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi okuhlanganisiwe kwesikhathi esizayo.
Ngenxa yokucaca kokudluliselwa kwesevisi yesistimu ye-OTN, ikhono eliqinile lokulungisa amaphutha, ikhono lokuhlela izendlalelo ze-optical/electric eziguquguqukayo, ikhono lokuphatha ukugcinwa kanye nokukhula komthamo wemishini (imishini engu-80*100G manje isithengiswa), amanethiwekhi ahlukahlukene okudlulisela Ukwethulwa kwemishini ye-OTN sekuyinto engenakugwenywa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-25-2022