Bambanci tsakanin OLT, ONU, na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa da kuma sauyawa

Da farko, OLT tashar layin gani ce, kuma ONU sashin cibiyar sadarwa ne na gani (ONU). Dukansu kayan haɗin hanyar sadarwa ne na watsawa ta gani. Su ne kayayyaki guda biyu da ake buƙata a cikin PON: PON (Passive Optical Network: Passive Optical Network). PON (passive optical network) yana nufin cewa (optical distribution network) ba ya ƙunshi kowace na'urar lantarki da kayan wutar lantarki. ODN duk ya ƙunshi na'urori masu wucewa kamar masu raba haske (Splitter) kuma baya buƙatar kayan lantarki masu tsada. Adireshin gani mai wucewa ya haɗa da tashar layin gani (OLT) da aka sanya a tashar sarrafawa ta tsakiya, da kuma rukunin na'urorin cibiyar sadarwa masu daidaitawa ta farko (ONUs) da aka sanya a wurin mai amfani. Adireshin rarraba haske (ODN) tsakanin OLT da ONU ya ƙunshi zaruruwan gani da masu raba haske ko masu haɗawa.

Na'urar sadarwa (Router) na'ura ce da ke haɗuwa da hanyoyin sadarwa na gida daban-daban da kuma hanyoyin sadarwa na yanki a Intanet. Tana zaɓar hanyoyi ta atomatik kuma tana saita su bisa ga yanayin tashar, kuma tana aika sigina a cikin mafi kyawun hanya da tsari. Na'urar sadarwa ita ce cibiyar Intanet, "'Yan sandan zirga-zirga." A halin yanzu, ana amfani da na'urorin sadarwa sosai a kowane fanni na rayuwa, kuma samfura daban-daban masu matakai daban-daban sun zama babban ƙarfi wajen cimma haɗin kai na ciki na hanyar sadarwa ta baya, haɗin kai na hanyar sadarwa ta baya, da ayyukan hanyar sadarwa ta baya da haɗin Intanet. Babban bambanci tsakanin hanyar sadarwa da maɓallan shine maɓallan suna faruwa a matakin na biyu na samfurin OSI (matakin haɗin bayanai), yayin da hanyar sadarwa ke faruwa a matakin na uku, matakin hanyar sadarwa. Wannan bambanci yana ƙayyade cewa hanyar sadarwa da maɓallan suna buƙatar amfani da bayanai daban-daban na sarrafawa yayin aiwatar da bayanai, don haka hanyoyi biyu don cimma ayyukansu sun bambanta.

Ana amfani da na'urar sadarwa ta Router (Router), wacce aka fi sani da na'urar ƙofa (Gateway), don haɗa hanyoyin sadarwa da yawa da suka rabu ta hanyar ma'ana. Abin da ake kira hanyar sadarwa ta ma'ana tana wakiltar hanyar sadarwa ɗaya ko ta subnet. Lokacin da aka watsa bayanai daga wannan subnet zuwa wani, ana iya yin hakan ta hanyar aikin hanyar sadarwa ta na'urar sadarwa. Saboda haka, na'urar sadarwa tana da aikin tantance adireshin hanyar sadarwa da zaɓar hanyar IP. Tana iya kafa haɗin gwiwa masu sassauƙa a cikin yanayin haɗin yanar gizo da yawa. Tana iya haɗa ƙananan hanyoyin sadarwa daban-daban tare da fakitin bayanai daban-daban da hanyoyin samun damar kafofin watsa labarai. Na'urar sadarwa tana karɓar tashar tushe kawai ko Bayanin wasu na'urorin sadarwa wani nau'in kayan aiki ne da aka haɗa a matakin hanyar sadarwa.