Kusiyana pakati pa OLT, ONU, rauta ndi switch

Choyamba, OLT ndi malo olumikizira mzere wa kuwala, ndipo ONU ndi gawo la netiweki yolumikizira maukonde (ONU). Onse ndi zida zolumikizira maukonde olumikizira maukonde olumikizira. Ndi ma module awiri ofunikira mu PON: PON (Passive Optical Network: Passive Optical Network). PON (passive optical network) imatanthauza kuti (maukonde olumikizira ma ...

Router (Router) ndi chipangizo chomwe chimalumikizana ndi maukonde osiyanasiyana am'deralo ndi maukonde ambiri pa intaneti. Chimasankha ndikukhazikitsa njira zokha malinga ndi momwe njira imagwirira ntchito, ndikutumiza zizindikiro munjira yabwino komanso motsatira dongosolo. Router ndiye malo ofunikira kwambiri pa intaneti, "apolisi oyendetsa magalimoto." Pakadali pano, ma router akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mbali zonse za moyo, ndipo zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zakhala mphamvu yayikulu pakukwaniritsa kulumikizana kwamkati kwa netiweki ya msana, kulumikizana kwa netiweki ya msana, ndi ntchito zolumikizira netiweki ya msana ndi intaneti. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa njira yolumikizira ndi ma switch ndikuti ma switch amapezeka pagawo lachiwiri la chitsanzo cha OSI (gawo lolumikizira deta), pomwe njira yolumikizira imachitika pagawo lachitatu, gawo la netiweki. Kusiyana kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti njira yolumikizira ndi chosinthira ziyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chosiyana pakusuntha chidziwitso, kotero njira ziwiri zokwaniritsira ntchito zawo ndizosiyana.

Router (Router), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti chipangizo cha gateway (Gateway), imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza ma network angapo olekanitsidwa mwanzeru. Chomwe chimatchedwa logical network chimayimira netiweki imodzi kapena subnet. Deta ikatumizidwa kuchokera ku subnet imodzi kupita ku ina, imatha kuchitika kudzera mu ntchito yoyendetsera ya rauta. Chifukwa chake, rauta ili ndi ntchito yoweruza adilesi ya netiweki ndikusankha njira ya IP. Imatha kukhazikitsa maulumikizidwe osinthika pamalo olumikizirana ma netiweki ambiri. Imatha kulumikiza ma subnet osiyanasiyana ndi mapaketi a data osiyana kwambiri ndi njira zopezera media. Rauta imangolandira siteshoni yoyambira kapena Chidziwitso cha ma router ena ndi mtundu wa zida zolumikizidwa pa netiweki.