Okokuqala, i-OLT iyitheminali yomugqa obonakalayo, futhi i-ONU iyiyunithi yenethiwekhi yokubona (ONU).Zombili ziyimishini yokuxhuma inethiwekhi yokudlulisa amehlo.Kungamamojula amabili adingekayo ku-PON: I-PON (Inethiwekhi Yokungaboni ngaso linye: Inethiwekhi ye-Passive Optical).I-PON (inethiwekhi ye-passive optical network) isho ukuthi (inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa i-optical) ayinazo izinto zikagesi kanye nezinto zikagesi zikagesi.I-ODN yonke yenziwe ngamadivayisi angenzi lutho njengama-optical splitters (Splitter) futhi ayidingi okokusebenza kagesi okusebenzayo okumba eqolo.Inethiwekhi ye-passive optical ihlanganisa itheminali yomugqa wokubona (OLT) efakwe esiteshini sokulawula esimaphakathi, kanye nenqwaba yamayunithi wenethiwekhi yokubona ehambisanayo yeleveli yokuqala (ONUs) efakwe kusayithi lomsebenzisi.Inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa okubonakalayo (i-ODN) phakathi kwe-OLT ne-ONU iqukethe amafiber optical kanye nezihlukanisi noma ama-couplers angenayo.
Irutha (Irutha) iyithuluzi elixhuma kumanethiwekhi endawo ahlukahlukene kanye namanethiwekhi endawo abanzi ku-inthanethi.Ikhetha ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi isethe imizila ngokwezimo zesiteshi, futhi ithumela amasignali ngendlela engcono kakhulu nangokuhleleka.Irutha iyisizinda se-inthanethi, “amaphoyisa omgwaqo.”Njengamanje, ama-routers asesetshenziswe kabanzi kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila, futhi imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yamabanga ahlukene isibe amandla amakhulu ekuboneni ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yomgogodla, ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi yomgogodla, kanye nenethiwekhi yomgogodla kanye nezinsizakalo zokuxhumanisa i-inthanethi.Umehluko omkhulu phakathi komzila nokushintsha ukuthi ukushintsha kwenzeka engxenyeni yesibili yemodeli yereferensi ye-OSI (ungqimba lwesixhumanisi sedatha), kuyilapho umzila kwenzeka kusendlalelo sesithathu, isendlalelo senethiwekhi.Lo mehluko unquma ukuthi umzila neswishi zidinga ukusebenzisa ulwazi oluhlukile lokulawula ohlelweni lokuhambisa ulwazi, ngakho izindlela ezimbili zokufeza imisebenzi yazo zihlukile.
Umzila (Umzila), owaziwa nangokuthi idivayisi yesango (Isango), isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amanethiwekhi amaningi ahlukaniswe ngokunengqondo.Inethiwekhi ebizwa ngokuthi enengqondo imele inethiwekhi eyodwa noma i-subnet.Uma idatha idluliswa isuka kwenye i-subnet iye kwenye, ingenziwa ngomsebenzi womzila werutha.Ngakho-ke, i-router inomsebenzi wokwahlulela ikheli lenethiwekhi nokukhetha indlela ye-IP.Ingasungula ukuxhumana okuvumelana nezimo endaweni yokuxhumana yamanethiwekhi amaningi.Ingakwazi ukuxhuma ama-subnet ahlukahlukene ngamaphakethe edatha ahluke ngokuphelele nezindlela zokufinyelela imidiya.Irutha yamukela kuphela isiteshi somthombo noma Ulwazi lwamanye amarutha luhlobo lwemishini exhumene esendlaleloni senethiwekhi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-20-2021