Umehluko phakathi kwe-OLT, i-ONU, i-router kanye ne-switch

Okokuqala, i-OLT iyisiphetho somugqa we-optical, kanti i-ONU iyiyunithi yenethiwekhi ye-optical (ONU). Zombili ziyimishini yokuxhumanisa inethiwekhi ye-optical transmission. Yimamojula amabili adingekayo ku-PON: I-PON (Passive Optical Network: Passive Optical Network). I-PON (passive optical network) isho ukuthi (inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa i-optical) ayinazo amadivayisi kagesi kanye nezinsiza zikagesi. I-ODN yonke yakhiwe ngamadivayisi angasebenzi njenge-optical splitters (Splitter) futhi ayidingi imishini ye-electronic esebenzayo ebizayo. Inethiwekhi ye-optical engasebenzi ifaka i-optical line terminal (OLT) efakwe esiteshini sokulawula esiphakathi, kanye neqembu lamayunithi enethiwekhi ye-optical matching optical (ONUs) afakwe endaweni yomsebenzisi. Inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa i-optical (ODN) phakathi kwe-OLT ne-ONU iqukethe imicu ye-optical kanye ne-passive optical splitters noma ama-couplers.

I-Router (i-Router) iyidivayisi exhuma kumanethiwekhi endawo ahlukahlukene kanye namanethiwekhi endawo ebanzi ku-inthanethi. Ikhetha ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi isethe imizila ngokwezimo zesiteshi, futhi ithumele amasignali ngendlela engcono kakhulu futhi ngokuhlelekile. I-router iyisikhungo se-inthanethi, "amaphoyisa omgwaqo." Njengamanje, ama-router asetshenziswe kabanzi kuzo zonke izindlela zokuphila, futhi imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yamabanga ahlukene isibe yimbangela eyinhloko ekufezeni ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yomgogodla, ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi yomgogodla, kanye nezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi yomgogodla kanye nokuxhumana kwe-inthanethi. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokuqondisa kanye nokushintsha ukuthi ukushintsha kwenzeka kungqimba lwesibili lwemodeli yokubhekisela ye-OSI (ungqimba lwesixhumanisi sedatha), kuyilapho ukuhambisa kwenzeka kungqimba lwesithathu, ungqimba lwenethiwekhi. Lo mehluko unquma ukuthi ukuhambisa kanye nokushintsha kudingeka kusebenzise ulwazi oluhlukile lokulawula enkambisweni yokuhambisa ulwazi, ngakho-ke izindlela ezimbili zokufeza imisebenzi yazo zihlukile.

I-Router (i-Router), eyaziwa nangokuthi idivayisi yesango (i-Gateway), isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amanethiwekhi amaningi ahlukaniswe ngokunengqondo. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi inethiwekhi enengqondo imelela inethiwekhi eyodwa noma i-subnet. Uma idatha idluliselwa kusuka ku-subnet eyodwa kuya kwenye, ingenziwa ngomsebenzi wokuqondisa we-router. Ngakho-ke, i-router inomsebenzi wokwahlulela ikheli lenethiwekhi nokukhetha indlela ye-IP. Ingasungula ukuxhumana okuguquguqukayo endaweni yokuxhumana yamanethiwekhi amaningi. Ingaxhuma ama-subnet ahlukahlukene ngamaphakethe edatha ahlukene ngokuphelele nezindlela zokufinyelela imidiya. I-router yamukela kuphela isiteshi somthombo noma Ulwazi lwamanye ama-router luhlobo lwemishini exhunyiwe kungqimba yenethiwekhi.