ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka OLT kahi kikowaena laina optical, a ʻo ka ONU kahi ʻāpana pūnaewele optical (ONU). He mau lako pili pūnaewele hoʻoili optical lāua ʻelua. ʻO ia nā modula ʻelua e pono ai ma PON: PON (Passive Optical Network: Passive Optical Network). ʻO PON (passive optical network) ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka (optical distribution network) nā mea uila a me nā lako mana uila. Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo ODN me nā mea passive e like me nā optical splitters (Splitter) a ʻaʻole pono nā lako uila hana pipiʻi. Loaʻa i kahi pūnaewele optical passive kahi optical line terminal (OLT) i hoʻokomo ʻia ma ke kikowaena mana waena, a me kahi pūʻulu o nā ʻāpana pūnaewele optical kūlike mua (ONU) i hoʻokomo ʻia ma kahi o ka mea hoʻohana. Loaʻa i ka pūnaewele hoʻolaha optical (ODN) ma waena o ka OLT a me ka ONU nā fiber optical a me nā passive optical splitters a i ʻole nā couplers.
ʻO ke Router (Router) kahi mea hana e hoʻopili ai i nā pūnaewele kūloko like ʻole a me nā pūnaewele ākea ma ka Pūnaewele. Koho a hoʻonohonoho ponoʻī ia i nā ala e like me nā kūlana o ke kahawai, a hoʻouna i nā hōʻailona ma ke ala maikaʻi loa a ma ke ʻano. ʻO ke router ke kikowaena o ka Pūnaewele, ʻo ia hoʻi ka "mākaʻi kaʻa." I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā routers ma nā ʻano āpau o ke ola, a ua lilo nā huahana like ʻole o nā papa like ʻole i mea nui i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pilina kūloko pūnaewele iwi kuamoʻo like ʻole, nā pilina pūnaewele iwi kuamoʻo, a me nā lawelawe pilina pūnaewele iwi kuamoʻo. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ke ala ʻana a me nā kuapo, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana o nā kuapo ma ka papa ʻelua o ke kumu hoʻohālike OSI (papa loulou ʻikepili), ʻoiai ka hana ʻana o ke ala ʻana ma ka papa ʻekolu, ʻo ia hoʻi ka papa pūnaewele. Hoʻoholo kēia ʻokoʻa e pono i ke ala ʻana a me ke kuapo ke hoʻohana i ka ʻike mana like ʻole i ke kaʻina hana o ka neʻe ʻana i ka ʻike, no laila ʻokoʻa nā ala ʻelua e hoʻokō ai i kā lākou mau hana.
ʻO ke Router (Router), i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he hāmeʻa gateway (Gateway), hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopili i nā pūnaewele he nui i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka logical. ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo logical network e hōʻike ana i kahi pūnaewele hoʻokahi a i ʻole kahi subnet. Ke hoʻouna ʻia ka ʻikepili mai kekahi subnet i kekahi, hiki ke hana ʻia ma o ka hana routing o ka router. No laila, loaʻa i ka router ka hana o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka helu wahi pūnaewele a me ke koho ʻana i ke ala IP. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻokumu i nā pilina maʻalahi i loko o kahi ʻano interconnection multi-network. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻopili i nā subnets like ʻole me nā ʻeke ʻikepili like ʻole a me nā ʻano komo media. ʻAe wale ka router i ke kikowaena kumu a i ʻole ʻO ka ʻike o nā routers ʻē aʻe he ʻano lako i hoʻopili ʻia ma ka papa pūnaewele.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-20-2021