Umahluko phakathi kwe-OLT, i-ONU, i-router kunye neswitshi

Okokuqala, i-OLT sisiphelo somgca we-optical, kwaye i-ONU yiyunithi yenethiwekhi ye-optical (ONU). Zombini zizixhobo zonxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi ye-optical transmission. Ziimodyuli ezimbini ezifunekayo kwi-PON: I-PON (Passive Optical Network: Passive Optical Network). I-PON (passive optical network) ithetha ukuba (inethiwekhi ye-optical distribution) ayinazo naziphi na izixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye nezixhobo zamandla ze-elektroniki. I-ODN yonke yenziwe zizixhobo ezingasebenziyo ezifana nezihluli ze-optical (Splitter) kwaye ayifuni zixhobo ze-elektroniki ezisebenzayo ezibizayo. Inethiwekhi ye-optical engasebenziyo iquka i-optical line terminal (OLT) efakwe kwisikhululo solawulo esiphakathi, kunye neqela leeyunithi zenethiwekhi ye-optical matching optical (ONUs) ezifakwe kwindawo yomsebenzisi. Inethiwekhi ye-optical distribution (ODN) phakathi kwe-OLT kunye ne-ONU ineefayibha ze-optical kunye nezihluli ze-optical ezingasebenziyo okanye izihlanganisi.

I-Router (i-Router) sisixhobo esiqhagamshela kwiinethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo zengingqi kunye neenethiwekhi zeendawo ezibanzi kwi-Intanethi. Ikhetha ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye isete iindlela ngokweemeko zetshaneli, kwaye ithumela imiqondiso ngendlela efanelekileyo kwaye ilandelelana. I-Router yindawo ephambili ye-Intanethi, "amapolisa ezithuthi." Okwangoku, ii-routers zisetyenziswa kakhulu kuzo zonke iindlela zobomi, kwaye iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zamanqanaba ahlukeneyo ziye zaba ngamandla aphambili ekufezekiseni uqhagamshelo lwangaphakathi lwenethiwekhi yomqolo, uqhagamshelo lwenethiwekhi yomqolo, kunye neenkonzo zoqhagamshelo lwenethiwekhi yomqolo kunye ne-intanethi. Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-routing kunye neeswitshi kukuba iiswitshi zenzeka kumaleko wesibini wemodeli yesalathiso se-OSI (umaleko wekhonkco ledatha), ngelixa i-routing yenzeka kumaleko wesithathu, umaleko wenethiwekhi. Lo mahluko umisela ukuba i-routing kunye ne-switch kufuneka zisebenzise ulwazi olwahlukileyo lolawulo kwinkqubo yokuhambisa ulwazi, ngoko ke iindlela ezimbini zokufezekisa imisebenzi yazo zahlukile.

I-Router (i-Router), eyaziwa ngokuba sisixhobo sesango (i-Gateway), isetyenziselwa ukuqhagamshela iinethiwekhi ezininzi ezahlulwe ngokwengqiqo. Inethiwekhi ebizwa ngokuba yi-logical network imele inethiwekhi enye okanye i-subnet. Xa idatha idluliselwa ukusuka kwi-subnet enye ukuya kwenye, ingenziwa ngomsebenzi we-routing we-router. Ke ngoko, i-router inomsebenzi wokugweba idilesi yenethiwekhi kunye nokukhetha indlela ye-IP. Inokuseka uqhagamshelo oluguquguqukayo kwindawo yokunxibelelana kwenethiwekhi ezininzi. Inokuqhagamshela ii-subnet ezahlukeneyo ngeepakethi zedatha ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo kunye neendlela zokufikelela kwimidiya. I-router yamkela kuphela isikhululo somthombo okanye Ulwazi lwezinye ii-routers luhlobo lwezixhobo ezidibeneyo kumaleko wenethiwekhi.