Itandukaniro hagati ya OLT, ONU, router na switch

Ubwa mbere, OLT ni umurongo wa optique, kandi ONU ni umuyoboro wa optique (ONU).Byombi nibikoresho byo guhuza imiyoboro ya optique.Nuburyo bubiri bukenewe muri PON: PON (Umuyoboro wa Optical Optical Network: Passive Optical Network).PON (umuyoboro wa pasiporo optique) bivuze ko (umuyoboro wo gukwirakwiza optique) utarimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.ODN byose bigizwe nibikoresho bya pasiporo nka optique itandukanya (Splitter) kandi ntibisaba ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bikora bihenze.Umuyoboro wa optique urimo umurongo wa optique (OLT) washyizwe kuri sitasiyo yo hagati, hamwe nitsinda ryurwego rwa mbere ruhuza imiyoboro ya optique (ONUs) yashyizwe kurubuga rwabakoresha.Umuyoboro wo gukwirakwiza optique (ODN) hagati ya OLT na ONU urimo fibre optique hamwe na optique ya optique itandukanya cyangwa ihuza.

Inzira (Router) ni igikoresho gihuza imiyoboro itandukanye yo mu karere hamwe n’imiyoboro yagutse muri interineti.Irahita ihitamo ikanashyiraho inzira ukurikije imiterere yumuyoboro, ikohereza ibimenyetso munzira nziza kandi murutonde.Router ni ihuriro rya interineti, “abapolisi bo mu muhanda.”Kugeza ubu, router yakoreshejwe cyane mu nzego zose z'ubuzima, kandi ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byo mu byiciro bitandukanye byabaye imbaraga nyamukuru mu kumenya imiyoboro inyuranye ihuza imiyoboro y'imbere, imiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro, hamwe n'umuyoboro w’umugongo na serivisi za interineti.Itandukaniro nyamukuru hagati yinzira noguhindura ni uko guhinduranya bibaho kumurongo wa kabiri wa OSI yerekana urugero (data ihuza layer), mugihe inzira iboneka kumurongo wa gatatu, urwego rwurusobe.Itandukaniro rigena ko inzira na switch bigomba gukoresha amakuru atandukanye yo kugenzura mugihe cyo kwimura amakuru, bityo inzira ebyiri zo kugera kubikorwa byazo ziratandukanye.

Inzira (Router), izwi kandi nk'igikoresho cyo mu irembo (Irembo), ikoreshwa mu guhuza imiyoboro myinshi itandukanye.Urubuga rwitwa logique rwerekana umuyoboro umwe cyangwa subnet.Iyo amakuru yoherejwe kuva kumurongo umwe ujya murindi, birashobora gukorwa binyuze mumikorere ya mariteri ya router.Kubwibyo, router ifite imikorere yo guca imiyoboro y'urusobe no guhitamo inzira ya IP.Irashobora gushiraho imiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro myinshi ihuza imiyoboro.Irashobora guhuza subnets zitandukanye hamwe nububiko butandukanye bwamakuru hamwe nuburyo bwo kubona amakuru.Router yemera gusa inkomoko ya sitasiyo cyangwa Amakuru yandi mariteri ni ubwoko bwibikoresho bifitanye isano murwego rwurusobe.