Itandukaniro riri hagati ya OLT, ONU, router na switch

Ubwa mbere, OLT ni terminal y'umurongo wa optique, naho ONU ikaba ishami ry'umuyoboro wa optique (ONU). Zombi ni ibikoresho byo guhuza umuyoboro wa optique. Ni module ebyiri zikenewe muri PON: PON (Passive Optical Network: Passive Optical Network). PON (passive optique network) bivuze ko (umuyoboro wa optique distribution) udafite ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'amashanyarazi y'ikoranabuhanga. ODN yose igizwe n'ibikoresho bidakora nka optique splitters (Splitter) kandi ntisaba ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bihenze. Umuyoboro wa optique udakora urimo terminal y'umurongo wa optique (OLT) ishyirwa kuri sitasiyo nkuru y'ubuyobozi, n'itsinda ry'ibice bya mbere by'umuyoboro wa optique (ONUs) bishyirwa ku rubuga rw'umukoresha. Umuyoboro wa optique distribution (ODN) hagati ya OLT na ONU urimo insinga za optique na passive optique splitters cyangwa couplers.

Router (Router) ni igikoresho gihuza imiyoboro itandukanye yo mu gace n'imiyoboro migari muri interineti. Ihitamo inzira mu buryo bwikora kandi igashyiraho uburyo ikoresha, kandi yohereza ibimenyetso mu nzira nziza kandi ikurikije gahunda. Router ni ihuriro rya interineti, "abapolisi bashinzwe umutekano w'imodoka." Kuri ubu, routers zakoreshejwe cyane mu nzego zose z'ubuzima, kandi ibicuruzwa bitandukanye by'ingeri zitandukanye byabaye imbaraga zikomeye mu gushyira mu bikorwa imiyoboro itandukanye y'imbere y'umuyoboro w'umugongo, imiyoboro y'umugongo, na serivisi zo guhuza umuyoboro w'umugongo na interineti. Itandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati yo guhuza inzira n'imiyoboro ni uko imiyoboro ibaho ku cyiciro cya kabiri cya OSI reference model (urwego rw'amakuru), mu gihe imiyoboro ibaho ku cyiciro cya gatatu, urugero rw'umuyoboro w'itumanaho. Iri tandukaniro rigaragaza ko inzira n'imiyoboro bigomba gukoresha amakuru atandukanye yo kugenzura mu gihe cyo kwimura amakuru, bityo uburyo bubiri bwo kugera ku nshingano zabyo butandukanye.

Router (Router), izwi kandi nka gateway device (Gateway), ikoreshwa mu guhuza imiyoboro myinshi itandukanye mu buryo bwumvikana. Icyo bita logic network ihagarariye umuyoboro umwe cyangwa subnet. Iyo amakuru yoherejwe kuva kuri subnet imwe ajya ku yindi, ashobora gukorwa binyuze mu buryo bwo gukwirakwiza routing bwa router. Kubwibyo, router ifite akazi ko gupima aderesi y'umuyoboro no guhitamo inzira ya IP. Ishobora gushyiraho connections zoroshye mu buryo bw'imiyoboro myinshi. Ishobora guhuza subnet zitandukanye hamwe na paki zitandukanye z'amakuru n'uburyo bwo kugera kuri media. Router yemera gusa source station cyangwa Amakuru y'izindi routers ni ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bihujwe kuri network layer.