Ana iya cewa hanyar amfani da haske wajen isar da bayanai tana da dogon tarihi.
"Hasumiyar Beacon" ta zamani ta bai wa mutane damar jin daɗin isar da bayanai ta hanyar haske. Duk da haka, wannan hanyar sadarwa ta gani ta asali tana da ɗan koma baya, tana da iyaka da nisan watsawa da ido ke iya gani, kuma amincin ba shi da yawa. Tare da buƙatun ci gaban watsa bayanai ta hanyar zamantakewa, an ƙara haɓaka haihuwar sadarwa ta gani ta zamani.
Fara fasahar sadarwa ta zamani ta gani
A shekarar 1800, Alexander Graham Bell ya ƙirƙiro "wayar hannu mai gani".
A shekarar 1966, Gao Kun, ɗan Birtaniya da China, ya gabatar da ka'idar watsa fiber na gani, amma a wancan lokacin asarar fiber na gani ta kai 1000dB/km.
A shekarar 1970, bincike da haɓaka fasahar laser ta quartz da semiconductor sun rage asarar fiber zuwa 20dB/km, kuma ƙarfin laser yana da girma, aminci yana da ƙarfi.
A shekarar 1976, ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar fiber optic ya rage asarar da 0.47dB/km, wanda ke nufin an warware asarar hanyar watsawa, wanda ya haɓaka ci gaban fasahar watsawa ta gani mai ƙarfi.
Yi bitar tarihin ci gaban hanyar sadarwa ta watsawa
Cibiyar sadarwa ta watsawa ta shafe sama da shekaru arba'in. A takaice, ta fuskanci PDH, SDH/MSTP,
Ci gaban fasaha da kuma ƙirƙirar sabbin fasahohin zamani na WDM/OTN da PeOTN.
Tsarin farko na hanyoyin sadarwa masu waya don samar da ayyukan murya ya yi amfani da fasahar PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy).
Tsarin ƙarni na biyu yana ba da ayyukan shiga yanar gizo da layukan TDM na musamman, ta amfani da fasahar SD (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)/MSTP (Multi-Service Transport Platform).
Tsarin ƙarni na uku ya fara tallafawa haɗin ayyukan bidiyo da cibiyoyin bayanai, ta amfani da fasahar WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing, Wavelength Division Multiplexing)/OTN (Optical Transmission Network, Optical Transmission Network).
Tsarin ƙarni na huɗu yana ba da garantin ingantaccen bidiyo mai inganci na 4K da ƙwarewar layin sirri, ta amfani da fasahar PeOTN (Packet enhancedOTN, packet enhanced OTN).
A farkon matakin haɓakawa na ƙarni biyu na farko, don ayyukan murya, damar shiga Intanet ta Yanar Gizo da ayyukan layin TDM masu zaman kansu, waɗanda fasahar tsarin dijital mai daidaitawa ta SDH/MSTP ke wakilta, tana tallafawa hanyoyin sadarwa da yawa kamar Ethernet, ATM/IMA, da sauransu, kuma tana iya haɗa CBR/VBR daban-daban. Sanya ayyuka a cikin firam ɗin SDH, ware bututu masu tauri a zahiri, da kuma mai da hankali kan ayyukan ƙananan gudu da ƙananan barbashi.
Bayan shiga matakin ci gaba na ƙarni na uku, tare da saurin haɓakar ƙarfin sabis na sadarwa, musamman ayyukan haɗin bidiyo da cibiyar bayanai, an hanzarta saurin hanyar sadarwa. Fasahar matakin gani da fasahar WDM ke wakilta ta sa fiber ɗaya ya sami damar ɗaukar ƙarin ayyuka. Musamman ma, an yi amfani da fasahar DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) sosai a cikin manyan hanyoyin sadarwa na aiki na cikin gida, wanda ke magance matsalar watsawa gaba ɗaya. Matsalar nisa da ƙarfin bandwidth. Idan aka duba girman ginin cibiyar sadarwa, 80x100G ya zama babban abin da ake amfani da shi a kan layukan bututun mai nisa, kuma hanyoyin sadarwa na gida da na birni na 80x200G sun bunƙasa cikin sauri.
Don ɗaukar ayyuka masu haɗaka kamar bidiyo da layukan da aka keɓe, hanyar sadarwa ta sufuri ta ƙasa tana buƙatar ƙarin sassauci da hankali. Saboda haka, fasahar OTN tana bayyana a hankali. OTN sabon tsarin fasahar watsawa ta gani ne wanda ITU-T G.872, G.798, G.709 da sauran ka'idoji suka ayyana. Ya haɗa da cikakken tsarin tsarin Layer na gani da Layer na lantarki, kuma yana da hanyoyin sadarwa masu dacewa ga kowane Layer. Tsarin sa ido kan gudanarwa da tsarin tsira daga hanyar sadarwa. Idan aka yi la'akari da yanayin ginin hanyar sadarwa ta cikin gida na yanzu, OTN ya zama mizani ga hanyoyin sadarwa na watsawa, musamman a cikin gina hanyoyin sadarwa na gida na masu aiki da hanyoyin sadarwa na yankin birni. Ana amfani da fasahar OTN bisa ga haɗin layin lantarki, kuma ana amfani da tsarin rabuwar layin reshe. , Don cimma haɗin gefen hanyar sadarwa da gefen layi, yana inganta sassaucin hanyar sadarwa sosai da ikon buɗewa da tura ayyuka cikin sauri.
Canjin hanyar sadarwa mai dogaro da kasuwanci
Ƙara saurin sauye-sauyen dijital a dukkan fannoni na tattalin arzikin zamantakewa ya haifar da ci gaban masana'antar ICT da tattalin arzikin dijital a lokaci guda, kuma ya haɓaka kuma ya haifar da manyan canje-canje a masana'antar. Tare da kwararar kamfanoni masu kirkire-kirkire a cikin masana'antu na tsaye, ana ci gaba da sake gina masana'antu na gargajiya da samfuran aiki da samfuran kasuwanci, gami da: kuɗi, harkokin gwamnati, kula da lafiya, ilimi, masana'antu da sauran fannoni. Ganin ƙaruwar buƙatar haɗin kasuwanci mai inganci da bambance-bambance, fasahar PeOTN ta fara amfani da ita sosai.
·Layukan L0 da L1 suna samar da bututun "mai tauri" masu tauri waɗanda aka wakilta ta hanyar tsawon rai λ da ƙaramin tashar ODUk. Babban bandwidth da ƙarancin jinkiri sune manyan fa'idodinsa.
·Layin L2 zai iya samar da bututu mai laushi mai laushi. Bayar da faɗin bututun ya dace da sabis ɗin da canje-canje tare da canjin zirga-zirgar sabis. Sauƙin sassauƙa da kuma buƙata su ne manyan fa'idodinsa.
Haɗa fa'idodin SDH/MSTP/MPLS-TP don ɗaukar ƙananan ayyukan barbashi, ƙirƙirar mafita ta hanyar sadarwa ta sufuri ta L0+L1+L2, gina dandamalin sufuri mai ayyuka da yawa na PeOTN, ƙirƙirar cikakken ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya tare da iyawa da yawa a cikin hanyar sadarwa ɗaya. A cikin 2009, ITU-T ta faɗaɗa ikon watsawa na OTN don tallafawa ayyuka daban-daban kuma a hukumance ta haɗa PeOTN cikin ƙa'idar.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masu gudanar da ayyuka na duniya sun yi ƙoƙari a kasuwar layukan gwamnati da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Manyan kamfanonin cikin gida guda uku suna haɓaka gina hanyoyin sadarwa masu zaman kansu na gwamnati da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na OTN. Kamfanonin larduna suma sun saka hannun jari sosai. Zuwa yanzu, sama da kamfanonin larduna 30 sun buɗe OTN. Babban hanyar sadarwa mai zaman kanta, kuma sun fitar da samfuran layin masu zaman kansu masu daraja waɗanda suka dogara da PeOTN, don haɓaka hanyar sadarwa ta gani daga "hanyar sadarwa ta asali" zuwa "hanyar sadarwa mai ɗaukar kasuwanci."
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-04-2021