Uburyo bwo gukoresha urumuri mu kohereza amakuru bushobora kuvugwa ko bufite amateka maremare.
"Beacon Tower" ya none yatumye abantu babona uburyo bwo korohereza abantu mu kohereza amakuru binyuze mu mucyo. Ariko, ubu buryo bwa kera bwo gutumanaho bushingiye ku mucyo buri inyuma cyane, bufite aho bugarukira bitewe n'intera yo kohereza amakuru igaragara n'amaso, kandi uburyo bwo kwizera ntabwo buri hejuru. Bitewe n'iterambere ry'uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru mu mibanire y'abantu, habayeho ivuka ry'itumanaho rigezweho ry'amashanyarazi.
Tangira ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ry'itumanaho ry'amatara
Mu 1800, Alexander Graham Bell yavumbuye "telefone y'amajwi".
Mu 1966, Gao Kun w’Abongereza n’Abashinwa yatanze igitekerezo cyo kohereza fibre optique, ariko icyo gihe igihombo cya fibre optique cyari kigeze kuri 1000dB/km.
Mu 1970, ubushakashatsi n'iterambere rya ikoranabuhanga rya fibre ya quartz na laser ya semiconductor byagabanyije igihombo cya fibre kugera kuri 20dB/km, kandi imbaraga za laser ni nyinshi, kandi ukwizerwa ni gukomeye.
Mu 1976, iterambere rikomeje ry’ikoranabuhanga rya fibre optique ryagabanije igihombo ho 0.47dB/km, bivuze ko igihombo cy’icyuma gikwirakwiza amakuru cyari cyakemutse, ibyo bikaba byarateje imbere iterambere rikomeye ry’ikoranabuhanga rikwirakwiza amakuru optique.
Suzuma amateka y'iterambere ry'umuyoboro w'itumanaho
Umuyoboro w’itumanaho umaze imyaka irenga mirongo ine. Muri make, wahuye n’ibibazo bya PDH, SDH/MSTP,
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga n'udushya mu bisekuru bya WDM/OTN na PeOTN.
Itsinda rya mbere ry’imiyoboro y’itumanaho ikoresha insinga kugira ngo ritange serivisi z’amajwi ryakoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy).
Icyiciro cya kabiri gitanga serivisi zo kugera kuri interineti n'imirongo yihariye ya TDM, hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya SD (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) / MSTP (Multi-Service Transport Platform).
Igisekuru cya gatatu cyatangiye gushyigikira guhuza serivisi za videwo n'ibigo by'amakuru, hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing, Wavelength Division Multiplexing) / OTN (Optical Transmission Network, Optical Transmission Network).
Itsinda rya kane ryizeza ko amashusho ya videwo yo mu bwoko bwa 4K afite ubunararibonye bwo hejuru ndetse n'uburyo bwo gukoresha umurongo wihariye w'ikoranabuhanga, hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya PeOTN (Packet enhancedOTN, packet enhanced OTN).
Mu ntangiriro z'iterambere ry'ibisekuru bibiri bya mbere, kuri serivisi z'amajwi, interineti ya interineti na serivisi z'umurongo bwite wa TDM, zihagarariwe n'ikoranabuhanga rya sisitemu ya digitale ya SDH/MSTP, ishyigikira imiyoboro myinshi nka Ethernet, ATM/IMA, nibindi, kandi ishobora guhuza CBR/VBR zitandukanye. Shyira serivisi muri frame za SDH, ushyire imiyoboro ikomeye mu buryo bufatika, kandi wibanda kuri serivisi z'umuvuduko muto n'uduce duto.
Nyuma yo kwinjira mu cyiciro cya gatatu cy’iterambere, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ubushobozi bwa serivisi z’itumanaho, cyane cyane serivisi zo guhuza amashusho n’amakuru, umuyoboro w’itumanaho wihuta. Ikoranabuhanga rya optique rigaragazwa n’ikoranabuhanga rya WDM rituma fibre imwe ishobora gutwara serivisi nyinshi. By’umwihariko, ikoranabuhanga rya DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) ryakoreshejwe cyane mu miyoboro ikomeye yo kohereza amakuru mu gihugu, rikemura burundu ikibazo cyo kohereza amakuru. Ikibazo cy’intera n’ubushobozi bwa bandwidth. Urebye ingano y’ubwubatsi bw’umuyoboro, 80x100G yabaye ikintu gikuru ku miyoboro miremire, kandi imiyoboro yo mu gace n’imiyoboro yo mu mujyi byateye imbere vuba.
Ku bijyanye no gutwara serivisi zihujwe nka videwo n'imirongo yihariye, umuyoboro w'ubwikorezi bw'ibanze usaba ubworoherane n'ubwenge bwinshi. Kubwibyo, ikoranabuhanga rya OTN rigenda rigaragara buhoro buhoro. OTN ni sisitemu nshya y'ikoranabuhanga ryo kohereza amakuru ishingiye kuri ITU-T G.872, G.798, G.709 n'izindi porotoli. Irimo imiterere yuzuye ya sisitemu y'urwego rw'amashanyarazi n'urwego rw'amashanyarazi, kandi ifite imiyoboro ijyanye na buri rwego. Uburyo bwo kugenzura imicungire n'uburyo bwo kubaho kw'imiyoboro. Ukurikije uko imiyoboro y'imbere mu gihugu iteye ubu, OTN yabaye ihame ry'imiyoboro yo kohereza amakuru, cyane cyane mu kubaka imiyoboro y'abakora n'imiyoboro y'umujyi. Ikoranabuhanga rya OTN rishingiye ku buryo bw'amashanyarazi bunyuramo, kandi imiterere yo gutandukanya umurongo w'amashami irakoreshwa. , Kugira ngo ugere ku gutandukanya uruhande rw'umuyoboro n'uruhande rw'umurongo, binoze cyane ubworoherane bw'imiyoboro n'ubushobozi bwo gufungura no gutanga serivisi vuba.
Impinduka mu miyoboro y'abatwara ibicuruzwa ishingiye ku bucuruzi
Kwihutisha impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga mu nzego zose z'ubukungu bw'imibereho myiza y'abaturage byazanye iterambere ry'inganda zose z'ikoranabuhanga n'ubukungu bw'ikoranabuhanga, kandi byateje imbere kandi binateza impinduka zikomeye mu nganda. Kubera urujya n'uruza rw'ibigo byinshi bishya mu nganda zihagaze neza, inganda gakondo n'imikorere n'uburyo bw'ubucuruzi bihora bivugururwa, harimo: imari, ibikorwa bya leta, ubuvuzi, uburezi, inganda n'izindi nzego. Bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'ubusabe bw'imikoranire myiza kandi itandukanye mu bucuruzi, ikoranabuhanga rya PeOTN ryatangiye gukoreshwa cyane buhoro buhoro.
·Uduce twa L0 na L1 dutanga imiyoboro ikomeye "ikomeye" igaragazwa n'uburebure bwa λ na ODUk y'umuyoboro muto. Ibyiza byayo by'ingenzi ni bandwidth nini no gutinda guke.
·Urutonde rwa L2 rushobora gutanga umuyoboro woroshye "woroshye". Ubunini bw'umuyoboro buhuye neza na serivisi kandi buhinduka bitewe n'impinduka z'urujya n'uruza rw'umuyoboro. Ibyiza byayo by'ingenzi ni uko ihinduka kandi ikanakorwa igihe cyose ikenewe.
Guhuza ibyiza bya SDH/MSTP/MPLS-TP mu gutwara serivisi z’uduce duto, gukora igisubizo cy’umuyoboro w’ubwikorezi wa L0+L1+L2, kubaka urubuga rw’ubwikorezi rwa PeOTN rukoresha serivisi nyinshi, gukora ubushobozi bwo gutwara bufite ubushobozi bwinshi mu muyoboro umwe. Mu 2009, ITU-T yongereye ubushobozi bwo kohereza OTN kugira ngo ishyigikire serivisi zitandukanye kandi ishyira PeOTN ku mugaragaro mu buryo busanzwe.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, abakora ku isi bashyize imbaraga mu isoko ry’imiyoboro y’abikorera ku giti cyabo hagati ya leta n’ibigo. Abakora imirimo itatu ikomeye imbere mu gihugu barimo guteza imbere cyane ubwubatsi bw’imiyoboro y’abikorera ku giti cyabo ya OTN. Ibigo byo mu ntara nabyo byashoye imari nyinshi. Kugeza ubu, abakora imirimo y’ibigo birenga 30 byo mu ntara bafunguye OTN. Imiyoboro y’abikorera ku giti cyabo ifite ubuziranenge, kandi yasohoye ibicuruzwa by’imiyoboro y’abikorera ku giti cyabo bifite agaciro gakomeye bishingiye kuri PeOTN, kugira ngo bateze imbere umuyoboro w’ubwikorezi bw’amatara kuva ku “muyoboro w’ibanze w’umutungo” kugera ku “muyoboro w’ubucuruzi.”
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-04-2021