Inzira yo gukoresha urumuri rwohereza amakuru irashobora kuvugwa ko ifite amateka maremare.
"Umunara wa Beacon" ugezweho watumye abantu babona uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru binyuze mumucyo.Nyamara, ubu buryo bwa optique bwitumanaho bwitumanaho busubira inyuma, bugarukira ku ntera yohereza igaragara ku jisho, kandi kwizerwa ntabwo ari hejuru.Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryogukwirakwiza amakuru mbonezamubano, ivuka ryitumanaho rya optique rigezweho ryatejwe imbere.
Tangira tekinoroji igezweho yo gutumanaho
Mu 1800, Alexander Graham Bell yahimbye “terefone nziza.”
Mu 1966, Gao Kun w’Ubwongereza n’Ubushinwa yatanze igitekerezo cyo kohereza fibre optique, ariko icyo gihe igihombo cya fibre optique cyari hejuru ya 1000dB / km.
Mu 1970, ubushakashatsi niterambere rya fibre ya quartz hamwe na tekinoroji ya semiconductor laser byagabanije gutakaza fibre kugera kuri 20dB / km, kandi ubukana bwa laser ni bwinshi, ubwizerwe burakomeye.
Mu 1976, gukomeza guteza imbere tekinoroji ya fibre optique byagabanije igihombo kuri 0.47dB / km, bivuze ko igihombo cyogukwirakwiza cyari cyakemutse, cyateje imbere iterambere rikomeye ryikoranabuhanga rya optique.
Ongera usuzume amateka yiterambere ryumuyoboro
Umuyoboro wohereza wanyuze mu myaka irenga mirongo ine.Muri make, yiboneye PDH, SDH / MSTP,
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya twa WDM / OTN na PeOTN.
Igisekuru cyambere cyinsinga zitanga serivise zijwi zemejwe tekinoroji ya PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy).
Igisekuru cya kabiri gitanga serivise zo kumurongo hamwe numurongo wabigenewe wa TDM, ukoresheje SD (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) / MSTP (Multi-Service Transport Platform) tekinoroji.
Igisekuru cya gatatu cyatangiye gushyigikira ihuriro rya serivisi za videwo n’ibigo by’amakuru, ukoresheje WDM (Igice cya Wavelength Division Multiplexing, Wavelength Division Multiplexing) / OTN (Optical Transmission Network, Optical Transmission Network) tekinoroji.
Igisekuru cya kane cyemeza 4K ibisobanuro bihanitse kandi byerekana ubuziranenge bwumurongo wigenga, ukoresheje PeOTN (Packet enhanOTOTN, packet yazamuye OTN).
Mubyiciro byambere byiterambere ryibisekuru bibiri byambere, kubikorwa byamajwi, kurubuga rwa interineti na serivisi za TDM kumurongo wigenga, uhagarariwe na tekinoroji ya sisitemu ya sisitemu ya sisitemu ya SDH / MSTP, ishyigikira intera nyinshi nka Ethernet, ATM / IMA, nibindi, na, irashobora guhuza CBR / VBR zitandukanye.Shyiramo serivisi muri kadamu ya SDH, gutandukanya imiyoboro ikomeye, kandi wibande kuri serivisi zihuse kandi ntoya.
Nyuma yo kwinjira mu gisekuru cya gatatu cyiterambere, hamwe nubwiyongere bwihuse bwubushobozi bwa serivise yitumanaho, cyane cyane serivisi za videwo na data center ihuza serivisi, umurongo wihuta wihuse.Tekinoroji ya optique igizwe na tekinoroji ya WDM ituma bishoboka fibre imwe gutwara serivisi nyinshi.By'umwihariko, tekinoroji ya DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) yakoreshejwe cyane mu miyoboro minini yohereza mu gihugu imbere, ikemura burundu ikibazo cyo kwanduza.Ikibazo cyintera nubushobozi bwumurongo.Urebye igipimo cyo kubaka imiyoboro, 80x100G yahindutse inzira nyamukuru kumirongo miremire, kandi imiyoboro ya 80x200G hamwe numuyoboro wa metropolitani wateye imbere byihuse.
Kugirango utware serivisi zihuriweho nka videwo n'imirongo yabigenewe, umuyoboro wogutwara ibintu bisaba guhinduka nubwenge.Kubwibyo, tekinoroji ya OTN igaragara buhoro buhoro.OTN ni uburyo bushya bwa tekinoroji yo gukwirakwiza optique isobanurwa na ITU-T G.872, G.798, G.709 hamwe na protocole.Harimo sisitemu yuzuye yuburyo bwa optique hamwe nu mashanyarazi, kandi ifite imiyoboro ijyanye na buri cyiciro.Uburyo bwo gukurikirana imiyoborere hamwe nuburyo bwo kurokoka.Urebye uko imiyoboro yo murugo iriho ubu, OTN yabaye ihame ryumuyoboro wogukwirakwiza, cyane cyane mukubaka imiyoboro yabakozi ndetse numuyoboro wa metropolitan.Ikoranabuhanga rya OTN rishingiye kumashanyarazi yambukiranya amashanyarazi ryemewe cyane, kandi umurongo wo gutandukanya umurongo wishami urakoreshwa., Kugirango ugere kumurongo wuruhande rwumurongo no kumurongo, kunoza cyane guhuza imiyoboro hamwe nubushobozi bwo gufungura byihuse no kohereza serivisi.
Guhindura ubucuruzi bushingiye kumurongo
Kwihutisha iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu bice byose by’ubukungu bw’imibereho byazanye iterambere rihuriweho n’inganda zose za ICT n’ubukungu bwa digitale, kandi ryateje imbere kandi ritera impinduka zikomeye mu nganda.Hamwe no kwinjiza umubare munini wibikorwa bishya byinganda munganda zihagaritse, inganda gakondo nuburyo bwimikorere nubucuruzi bwubucuruzi burahora bwubakwa, harimo: imari, ibibazo bya leta, ubuvuzi, uburezi, inganda nizindi nzego.Mu guhangana n’ibisabwa byiyongera ku bucuruzi bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru kandi butandukanye, ikoranabuhanga rya PeOTN ryatangiye gukoreshwa cyane.
· Ibice bya L0 na L1 bitanga imiyoboro ikomeye "ikomeye" igereranwa nuburebure bwumurongo λ hamwe nuyoboro ODUk.Umuyoboro munini nubukererwe buke nibyiza byingenzi.
· Igice cya L2 gishobora gutanga umuyoboro woroshye "woroshye".Umuyoboro mugari wa pipe uhujwe neza na serivisi hamwe nimpinduka hamwe no guhindura traffic traffic.Guhinduka no kubisabwa nibyiza byingenzi.
Kwinjiza ibyiza bya SDH / MSTP / MPLS-TP yo gutwara serivise ntoya, gukora igisubizo cyumuyoboro wa L0 + L1 + L2, kubaka urubuga rwo gutwara abantu benshi PeOTN, gukora ubushobozi bwuzuye bwo gutwara hamwe nubushobozi bwinshi murusobe rumwe.Muri 2009, ITU-T yaguye ubushobozi bwo kohereza OTN kugirango ishyigikire serivisi zinyuranye kandi ishyira PeOTN kumugaragaro.
Mu myaka yashize, abashoramari ku isi bashyize ingufu mu isoko rya leta-ibigo byigenga.Abakozi batatu bakomeye bo murugo batezimbere cyane OTN leta-imishinga yubaka imiyoboro yigenga.Amasosiyete yo mu Ntara nayo yashora imari cyane.Kugeza ubu, abashoramari bo mu ntara barenga 30 bafunguye OTN.Umuyoboro wigenga wo mu rwego rwohejuru, kandi wasohoye ibicuruzwa byigenga bifite agaciro kanini bishingiye kuri PeOTN, kugirango uteze imbere imiyoboro itwara abantu kuva "kumurongo wibanze wibanze" ujya "umuyoboro wubucuruzi."
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-04-2021