Njira yogwiritsira ntchito kuwala pofalitsa uthenga inganenedwe kuti ili ndi mbiri yakale.
"Beacon Tower" yamakono yathandiza anthu kuona mosavuta kutumiza uthenga kudzera mu kuwala. Komabe, njira yolankhulirana yachikale iyi ndi yocheperako pang'ono, yocheperako chifukwa cha mtunda wotumizira uthenga womwe umawonekera ndi maso, ndipo kudalirika sikuli kwakukulu. Chifukwa cha zosowa za chitukuko cha kutumiza uthenga wa anthu, kubadwa kwa kulankhulana kwamakono kwa kuwala kwalimbikitsidwa kwambiri.
Yambani ukadaulo wamakono wolumikizirana ndi kuwala
Mu 1800, Alexander Graham Bell anayambitsa "foni yowunikira."
Mu 1966, Gao Kun wa ku Britain-China adapereka lingaliro la kutumiza kwa ulusi wa kuwala, koma panthawiyo kutayika kwa ulusi wa kuwala kunali kokwera kufika pa 1000dB/km.
Mu 1970, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa quartz fiber ndi semiconductor laser chinachepetsa kutayika kwa ulusi kufika pa 20dB/km, ndipo mphamvu ya laser ndi yayikulu, kudalirika kwake ndi kwakukulu.
Mu 1976, kupitilizabe kwa ukadaulo wa ulusi wa kuwala kunachepetsa kutayika kwa 0.47dB/km, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kutayika kwa cholumikizira magetsi kunathetsedwa, zomwe zinalimbikitsa chitukuko champhamvu cha ukadaulo wolumikizira magetsi.
Unikani mbiri ya chitukuko cha netiweki yotumizira mauthenga
Netiweki yotumizira mauthenga yadutsa zaka zoposa makumi anayi. Mwachidule, yakhala ikukumana ndi PDH, SDH/MSTP,
Kukula kwa ukadaulo ndi kupanga zinthu zatsopano kwa WDM/OTN ndi PeOTN m'mibadwo.
Mbadwo woyamba wa ma network olumikizidwa ndi waya kuti apereke mautumiki a mawu unagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy).
Mbadwo wachiwiri umapereka mautumiki opezera intaneti ndi mizere yodzipereka ya TDM, pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa SD (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)/MSTP (Multi-Service Transport Platform).
Mbadwo wachitatu unayamba kuthandizira kulumikizana kwa mautumiki apakanema ndi malo osungira deta, pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing, Wavelength Division Multiplexing)/OTN (Optical Transmission Network, Optical Transmission Network).
M'badwo wachinayi umatsimikizira makanema apamwamba a 4K komanso luso lapamwamba la mzere wachinsinsi, pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa PeOTN (Packet enhancedOTN, packet enhanced OTN).
Mu gawo loyambirira la chitukuko cha mibadwo iwiri yoyamba, pa mautumiki a mawu, intaneti ya pa intaneti ndi mautumiki achinsinsi a TDM, omwe akuimiridwa ndi ukadaulo wa digito wa SDH/MSTP, imathandizira ma interfaces angapo monga Ethernet, ATM/IMA, ndi zina zotero, ndipo imatha kulumikiza CBR/VBR zosiyanasiyana. Ikani mautumiki mu mafelemu a SDH, patulani mapaipi olimba, ndikuyang'ana kwambiri mautumiki achangu komanso ang'onoang'ono.
Pambuyo polowa mu gawo la chitukuko cha m'badwo wachitatu, ndi kukula kwachangu kwa mphamvu yolumikizirana, makamaka ntchito zolumikizirana makanema ndi malo osungira deta, bandwidth ya netiweki yawonjezeka kwambiri. Ukadaulo wa optical layer womwe umayimiridwa ndi ukadaulo wa WDM umapangitsa kuti ulusi umodzi uzitha kunyamula ntchito zambiri. Makamaka, ukadaulo wa DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ma netiweki akuluakulu otumizira mauthenga apakhomo, kuthetsa kwathunthu vuto la kutumiza mauthenga. Nkhani ya mtunda ndi mphamvu ya bandwidth. Poganizira kukula kwa kapangidwe ka netiweki, 80x100G yakhala yotchuka kwambiri pamizere yayitali ya trunk, ndipo ma netiweki am'deralo a 80x200G ndi ma netiweki am'mizinda apita patsogolo mwachangu.
Pakunyamula mautumiki ophatikizidwa monga makanema ndi mizere yodzipereka, netiweki yoyendera yomwe ili pansi pake imafuna kusinthasintha komanso luntha lochulukirapo. Chifukwa chake, ukadaulo wa OTN umayamba pang'onopang'ono. OTN ndi njira yatsopano yotumizira mauthenga opangidwa ndi ITU-T G.872, G.798, G.709 ndi ma protocol ena. Ikuphatikiza kapangidwe kathunthu ka makina a optical layer ndi elekitironi, ndipo ili ndi ma network ogwirizana ndi gawo lililonse. Njira yowunikira kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ndi njira yopulumutsira ma network. Poganizira momwe ma network akunyumba amagwirira ntchito, OTN yakhala muyezo wama network otumizira mauthenga, makamaka popanga ma network am'deralo ndi ma network am'mizinda. Ukadaulo wa OTN wozikidwa pa crossover yamagetsi umatengedwa, ndipo kapangidwe ka nthambi kamagwiritsidwa ntchito. , Kuti tikwaniritse kugawa mbali ya netiweki ndi mbali ya mzere, kusintha kwambiri kusinthasintha kwa ma network ndi kuthekera kotsegula mwachangu ndikuyika ntchito.
Kusintha kwa netiweki yonyamula katundu yoyang'ana bizinesi
Kupititsa patsogolo kusintha kwa digito m'magawo onse azachuma cha anthu kwabweretsa chitukuko chofanana cha makampani onse a ICT ndi chuma cha digito, ndipo kwalimbikitsa ndikuyambitsa kusintha kwakukulu m'makampaniwa. Ndi kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi ambiri atsopano m'mafakitale ozungulira, mafakitale achikhalidwe ndi machitidwe ogwirira ntchito ndi mabizinesi akumangidwanso nthawi zonse, kuphatikiza: zachuma, nkhani za boma, chisamaliro chamankhwala, maphunziro, mafakitale ndi madera ena. Poyang'anizana ndi kufunikira kowonjezereka kwa kulumikizana kwabwino komanso kosiyana kwa mabizinesi, ukadaulo wa PeOTN wayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pang'onopang'ono.
·Zigawo za L0 ndi L1 zimapereka mapaipi olimba "olimba" omwe amaimiridwa ndi wavelength λ ndi sub-channel ODUk. Bandwidth yayikulu komanso kuchedwa kochepa ndiye zabwino zake zazikulu.
·Layer ya L2 ingapereke chitoliro chofewa chosinthasintha. Bandwidth ya chitolirocho imagwirizana kwathunthu ndi ntchito ndipo imasintha ndi kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa ntchito. Kusinthasintha ndi phindu lake lalikulu ndi zinthu zomwe zimafunika.
Kuphatikiza ubwino wa SDH/MSTP/MPLS-TP ponyamula mautumiki ang'onoang'ono, kupanga njira yothetsera netiweki yoyendera ya L0+L1+L2, kumanga nsanja yoyendera ya PeOTN ya mautumiki ambiri, kupanga mphamvu yonyamula yonse yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri mu netiweki imodzi. Mu 2009, ITU-T inakulitsa mphamvu yotumizira ya OTN kuti ithandizire mautumiki osiyanasiyana ndipo mwalamulo inaphatikiza PeOTN mu muyezo.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ogwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi ayesetsa kwambiri pamsika wamagetsi achinsinsi pakati pa boma ndi mabizinesi. Ogwira ntchito atatu akuluakulu am'nyumba akukulitsa mwachangu ntchito yomanga ma netiweki achinsinsi pakati pa boma ndi mabizinesi. Makampani am'chigawo nawonso ayika ndalama zambiri. Pakadali pano, ogwira ntchito makampani opitilira 30 am'chigawo atsegula OTN. Ma netiweki achinsinsi apamwamba kwambiri, komanso atulutsa zinthu zamtengo wapatali zachinsinsi zochokera ku PeOTN, kuti alimbikitse netiweki yoyendera kuwala kuchokera ku "network yoyambira" kupita ku "network yonyamula mabizinesi."
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-04-2021