Indlela yokusebenzisa ukukhanya ukudlulisa ulwazi kungathiwa inomlando omude.
“I-Beacon Tower” yanamuhla ivumele abantu ukuthi babone ukulula kokudlulisa ulwazi ngokukhanya. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yokuxhumana ye-optical yakudala ingemuva kakhulu, inqunyelwe yibanga lokudlulisa elibonakala ngeso lenyama, futhi ukuthembeka akuphezulu. Ngezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kokudluliselwa kolwazi lomphakathi, ukuzalwa kokuxhumana kwe-optical kwanamuhla kukhuthazwe kakhulu.
Qala ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokuxhumana kwe-optical
Ngo-1800, u-Alexander Graham Bell wasungula “ucingo olubonakalayo.”
Ngo-1966, uGao Kun waseBrithani-waseShayina waphakamisa inkolelo-mbono yokudluliswa kwefayibha ye-optical, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi ukulahlekelwa kwefayibha ye-optical kwakuphakeme njengo-1000dB/km.
Ngo-1970, ucwaningo nentuthuko yobuchwepheshe be-laser ye-quartz fiber kanye ne-semiconductor kwanciphisa ukulahleka kwe-fiber kwaba yi-20dB/km, futhi amandla e-laser aphezulu, ukuthembeka kuqinile.
Ngo-1976, ukuqhubeka kwentuthuko yobuchwepheshe be-optical fiber kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa ngo-0.47dB/km, okusho ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwe-transmission medium kwase kuxazululiwe, okwakhuthaza intuthuko enamandla yobuchwepheshe be-optical transmission.
Buyekeza umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi yokudlulisa
Inethiwekhi yokudlulisa idatha isidlule iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane. Ngamafuphi, ihlangabezane ne-PDH, SDH/MSTP,
Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwesizukulwane se-WDM/OTN kanye ne-PeOTN.
Isizukulwane sokuqala samanethiwekhi axhunyiwe ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zezwi sasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy).
Isizukulwane sesibili sinikeza izinsizakalo zokufinyelela iwebhu kanye nemigqa enikezelwe ku-TDM, kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-SD (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)/MSTP (Multi-Service Transport Platform).
Isizukulwane sesithathu saqala ukusekela ukuxhumana kwezinsizakalo zevidiyo nezikhungo zedatha, sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing, Wavelength Division Multiplexing)/OTN (Optical Transmission Network, Optical Transmission Network).
Isizukulwane sesine siqinisekisa ulwazi lwevidiyo olunencazelo ephezulu ye-4K kanye nekhwalithi yomugqa wangasese, kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-PeOTN (Packet enhancedOTN, packet enhanced OTN).
Esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthuka kwezizukulwane ezimbili zokuqala, ngezinsizakalo zezwi, ukufinyelela i-inthanethi yewebhu kanye nezinsizakalo zomugqa wangasese we-TDM, ezimelelwa ubuchwepheshe besistimu yedijithali ehambisanayo ye-SDH/MSTP, isekela izixhumi eziningi ezifana ne-Ethernet, i-ATM/IMA, njll., futhi ingaxhuma i-CBR/VBR ehlukene. Faka izinsizakalo kumafreyimu e-SDH, uhlukanise amapayipi aqinile ngokomzimba, futhi ugxile ezinsizakalweni zesivinini esiphansi kanye nezinhlayiya ezincane.
Ngemva kokungena esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa kwesizukulwane sesithathu, ngokukhula okusheshayo komthamo wesevisi yokuxhumana, ikakhulukazi izinsizakalo zokuxhumanisa ividiyo nesikhungo sedatha, i-bandwidth yenethiwekhi iye yasheshiswa. Ubuchwepheshe be-optical layer obumelelwa ubuchwepheshe be-WDM benza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi i-fiber eyodwa ithwale izinsizakalo ezengeziwe. Ikakhulukazi, ubuchwepheshe be-DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) busetshenziswe kabanzi kumanethiwekhi amakhulu okudlulisa asebenzayo asekhaya, buxazulula ngokuphelele inkinga yokudlulisa. Inkinga yebanga kanye nomthamo we-bandwidth. Uma sibheka ubukhulu bokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi, i-80x100G isibe yinto evame kakhulu emigqeni ye-trunk ende, kanti amanethiwekhi endawo angu-80x200G kanye namanethiwekhi endawo yedolobha athuthukile ngokushesha.
Ukuze kuphathwe izinsizakalo ezihlanganisiwe njengevidiyo nemigqa ezinikele, inethiwekhi yezokuthutha eyisisekelo idinga ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe kanye nobuhlakani. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe be-OTN buvela kancane kancane. I-OTN uhlelo olusha sha lobuchwepheshe bokudlulisa ukukhanya oluchazwe yi-ITU-T G.872, G.798, G.709 kanye nezinye izinqubo. Ihlanganisa isakhiwo esiphelele sesistimu sengqimba ye-optical kanye nengqimba kagesi, futhi inamanethiwekhi ahambisanayo ngeleveli ngayinye. Indlela yokuqapha ukuphathwa kanye nendlela yokusinda kwenethiwekhi. Uma sibheka izitayela zamanje zokwakha inethiwekhi yasekhaya, i-OTN isibe yindinganiso yamanethiwekhi okudlulisa, ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwamanethiwekhi endawo abaqhubi kanye namanethiwekhi endawo yedolobha. Ubuchwepheshe be-OTN obusekelwe ku-crossover yengqimba kagesi buyamukelwa ngokuyisisekelo, futhi kusetshenziswa ukwakheka kokuhlukanisa imigqa yegatsha. , Ukufeza ukuhlukaniswa kohlangothi lwenethiwekhi kanye nohlangothi lomugqa, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuguquguquka kwenethiwekhi kanye nekhono lokuvula nokusabalalisa izinsizakalo ngokushesha.
Ukuguqulwa kwenethiwekhi yabathwali egxile ebhizinisini
Ukusheshisa okuqhubekayo kokuguqulwa kwedijithali kuzo zonke izindawo zomnotho wezenhlalo kulethe intuthuko efanayo yomkhakha wonke we-ICT kanye nomnotho wedijithali, futhi kukhuthaze futhi kwabangela izinguquko ezinkulu embonini. Ngokungena kwenani elikhulu lamabhizinisi amasha ezimbonini eziqondile, izimboni zendabuko kanye namamodeli okusebenza kanye namamodeli ebhizinisi ahlala ekhiwa kabusha, okuhlanganisa: ezezimali, izindaba zikahulumeni, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, imfundo, imboni kanye neminye imikhakha. Njengoba ibhekene nesidingo esikhulayo sokuxhumana kwebhizinisi okuseqophelweni eliphezulu nokuhlukanisiwe, ubuchwepheshe be-PeOTN buqale kancane kancane ukusetshenziswa kabanzi.
·Izendlalelo ze-L0 kanye ne-L1 zinikeza amapayipi “aqinile” aqinile amelwe yi-wavelength λ kanye ne-sub-channel ODUk. I-bandwidth enkulu kanye nokubambezeleka okuphansi yizinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko.
·Isendlalelo se-L2 singanikeza ipayipi "elithambile" eliguquguqukayo. Ububanzi bepayipi buhambisana ngokuphelele nesevisi futhi buyashintsha ngokushintsha kwethrafikhi yesevisi. Ukuguquguquka kanye nokufunwa yizinzuzo zalo eziyinhloko.
Ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo ze-SDH/MSTP/MPLS-TP zokuphatha izinsizakalo ezincane, ukwakha isisombululo senethiwekhi yezokuthutha ye-L0+L1+L2, ukwakha ipulatifomu yezokuthutha yezinsizakalo eziningi i-PeOTN, ukudala umthamo wokuthwala ophelele onamakhono amaningi kunethiwekhi eyodwa. Ngo-2009, i-ITU-T yandisa amakhono okudlulisa e-OTN ukuze isekele izinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene futhi yafaka ngokusemthethweni i-PeOTN ezingeni elijwayelekile.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, abaqhubi bomhlaba wonke benze imizamo emakethe yemigqa yangasese kahulumeni namabhizinisi. Abaqhubi abathathu abakhulu basekhaya bathuthukisa ngenkuthalo ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yangasese kahulumeni namabhizinisi e-OTN. Izinkampani zesifundazwe nazo zitshale imali eningi. Kuze kube manje, abaqhubi bezinkampani zesifundazwe abangaphezu kuka-30 bavule i-OTN. Inethiwekhi yangasese esezingeni eliphezulu, futhi ikhiphe imikhiqizo yemigqa yangasese enenani eliphezulu esekelwe ku-PeOTN, ukukhuthaza inethiwekhi yokuthutha ye-optical kusukela "kunethiwekhi yezinsiza eziyisisekelo" kuya "kunethiwekhi yabathwali bebhizinisi."
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-04-2021