A pụrụ ikwu na ụzọ e si eji ìhè ezipụ ozi nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ogologo.
"Ụlọ Elu Beacon" nke oge a enyela ndị mmadụ ohere ịnweta ohere nke izipu ozi site na ìhè. Agbanyeghị, usoro nkwukọrịta anya ochie a dịtụ ala, nke nwere oke site na anya na-ahụ anya gba ọtọ, ntụkwasị obi adịghịkwa elu. Site na mkpa mmepe nke nnyefe ozi mmekọrịta, a kwalitela mmalite nke nkwukọrịta anya nke oge a.
Malite teknụzụ nkwukọrịta ngwa anya nke oge a
N'afọ 1800, Alexander Graham Bell mepụtara "ekwentị anya".
Na 1966, Gao Kun nke ndị Britain na ndị China wepụtara echiche nke nnyefe eriri anya, mana n'oge ahụ, ọnwụ eriri anya dị elu ruo 1000dB/km.
Na 1970, nnyocha na mmepe nke teknụzụ laser quartz fiber na semiconductor belatara mfu eriri ruo 20dB/km, ike laser dịkwa elu, ntụkwasị obi siri ike.
Na 1976, mmepe nke teknụzụ eriri optical na-aga n'ihu belatara mfu ahụ site na 0.47dB/km, nke pụtara na edozila mfu nke ihe nnyefe ahụ, nke kwalitere mmepe siri ike nke teknụzụ nnyefe optical.
Nyochaa akụkọ mmepe nke netwọk nnyefe
Netwọk nnyefe agafeela ihe karịrị afọ iri anọ. Na nchịkọta, ọ nwetala PDH, SDH/MSTP,
Mmepe teknụzụ na mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ nke WDM/OTN na PeOTN.
Ọgbọ mbụ nke netwọk waya iji nye ọrụ olu ejirila teknụzụ PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy) mee ihe.
Ọgbọ nke abụọ na-enye ọrụ ịnweta weebụ na ahịrị ndị e kenyere TDM, site na iji teknụzụ SD (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)/MSTP (Multi-Service Transport Platform).
Ọgbọ nke atọ malitere ịkwado njikọ nke ọrụ vidiyo na ebe data, site na iji teknụzụ WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing, Wavelength Division Multiplexing)/OTN (Optical Transmission Network, Optical Transmission Network).
Ọgbọ nke anọ na-ekwe nkwa ahụmịhe vidiyo dị elu nke 4K na ahịrị nkeonwe dị mma, site na iji teknụzụ PeOTN (Packet enhancedOTN, packet enhanced OTN).
N'oge mmalite nke ọgbọ abụọ mbụ, maka ọrụ olu, ohere ịntanetị weebụ na ọrụ ahịrị nkeonwe TDM, nke teknụzụ sistemụ dijitalụ SDH/MSTP synchronous na-anọchite anya ya, ọ na-akwado ọtụtụ njikọ dịka Ethernet, ATM/IMA, wdg, ma nwee ike ijikọ CBR/VBR dị iche iche. Tinye ọrụ n'ime okpokolo SDH, kewapụ paịpụ siri ike n'onwe ya, ma lekwasị anya na ọrụ obere ọsọ na obere ihe.
Mgbe ọ banyere n'ọkwa mmepe nke ọgbọ nke atọ, site na mmụba ngwa ngwa nke ikike ọrụ nkwukọrịta, ọkachasị ọrụ njikọ vidiyo na ebe data, a na-eme ka bandwit netwọk dịkwuo elu. Teknụzụ oyi akwa anya nke teknụzụ WDM nọchitere anya ya na-eme ka o kwe omume ka otu eriri buru ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Karịsịa, teknụzụ DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) ejirila ya mee ihe nke ukwuu na nnukwu netwọk nnyefe ọrụ n'ime ụlọ, na-edozi nsogbu nke nnyefe kpamkpam. Okwu nke anya na ikike bandwit. N'ileba anya na nha nke owuwu netwọk, 80x100G aghọọla ihe a na-ahụkarị na ahịrị ogwe aka dị anya, netwọkụ mpaghara na netwọk mpaghara obodo 80x200G etolitela ngwa ngwa.
Maka ibu ọrụ ndị ejikọtara ọnụ dịka vidiyo na ahịrị ndị raara onwe ha nye, netwọk njem dị n'okpuru chọrọ mgbanwe na ọgụgụ isi ka ukwuu. Ya mere, teknụzụ OTN na-apụta nwayọọ nwayọọ. OTN bụ sistemụ teknụzụ nnyefe anya ọhụrụ nke ITU-T G.872, G.798, G.709 na usoro ndị ọzọ kọwara. Ọ gụnyere usoro sistemụ zuru oke nke oyi akwa anya na oyi akwa eletriki, ma nwee netwọk ndị kwekọrọ na ya maka oyi akwa ọ bụla. Usoro nlekota njikwa na usoro ndụ netwọk. Site na usoro owuwu netwọk ụlọ dị ugbu a, OTN aghọwo ọkọlọtọ maka netwọk nnyefe, karịsịa na owuwu nke netwọk mpaghara nke ndị ọrụ na netwọk mpaghara obodo ukwu. A na-anabata teknụzụ OTN dabere na crossover oyi akwa eletrik, a na-ejikwa usoro nkewa nke alaka alaka. , Iji nweta njikọ nke akụkụ netwọk na akụkụ ahịrị, na-eme ka mgbanwe nke netwọk dịkwuo mma na ikike imeghe na itinye ọrụ ngwa ngwa.
Mgbanwe netwọk onye na-ebuga azụmaahịa
Mgbanwe dijitalụ na-aga n'ihu n'akụkụ niile nke akụnụba ọha na eze emeela ka ụlọ ọrụ ICT na akụnụba dijitalụ nwee mmepe yiri nke ahụ, ma kwalite ma kpalite mgbanwe dị ukwuu na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Site na mmụba nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ kwụ ọtọ, a na-ewughachi ụlọ ọrụ ọdịnala na ụdị ọrụ na ụdị azụmaahịa mgbe niile, gụnyere: ego, ihe gbasara gọọmentị, nlekọta ahụike, agụmakwụkwọ, ụlọ ọrụ na ngalaba ndị ọzọ. N'agbanyeghị mmụba nke ọchịchọ maka njikọ azụmaahịa dị elu na nke dị iche iche, teknụzụ PeOTN amalitela iji nwayọ nwayọ.
·Igwe L0 na L1 na-enye ọkpọkọ siri ike nke e ji ogologo λ na obere ọwa ODUk na-anọchite anya ya. Nnukwu bandwit na obere igbu oge bụ uru ya bụ isi.
·Oyi akwa L2 nwere ike inye paịpụ "dị nro" na-agbanwe agbanwe. Bandwit nke paịpụ ahụ kwekọrọ na ọrụ ahụ na mgbanwe ya na mgbanwe nke okporo ụzọ ọrụ. Mgbanwe na ọchịchọ bụ isi uru ya.
Ijikọta uru nke SDH/MSTP/MPLS-TP maka ibu ọrụ obere obere ihe, ịmepụta ngwọta netwọk njem L0+L1+L2, iwulite ikpo okwu njem ọtụtụ ọrụ PeOTN, mepụta ikike ibu ibu zuru oke nwere ọtụtụ ikike n'otu netwọk. Na 2009, ITU-T gbasaa ikike nnyefe nke OTN iji kwado ọrụ dị iche iche ma tinye PeOTN n'ọkwa iwu.
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ndị ọrụ ụwa niile agbaala mbọ n'ahịa ahịrị nkeonwe nke gọọmentị na ụlọ ọrụ. Ndị ọrụ atọ dị mkpa n'ime obodo na-emepe ụlọ ọrụ nkeonwe nke gọọmentị na ụlọ ọrụ OTN. Ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara etinyekwala nnukwu ego. Ruo ugbu a, ihe karịrị ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara 30 emepeela OTN. Netwọk nkeonwe dị elu, ma wepụta ngwaahịa ahịrị nkeonwe dị elu dabere na PeOTN, iji kwalite netwọk njem anya site na "netwọk akụrụngwa bụ isi" ruo "netwọk onye na-ebu azụmahịa."
Oge ozi: Nọvemba-04-2021