Da farko dai, dole ne mu bayyana a fili cewa sadarwar 5G ba daidai ba ce da 5Ghz Wi-Fi da za mu yi magana akai a yau.Sadarwar 5G a haƙiƙa ita ce gajarta hanyoyin sadarwar wayar salula ta 5th Generation, wanda galibi ke nufin fasahar sadarwar wayar salula.Kuma 5G ɗin mu anan yana nufin 5GHz a cikin ma'aunin WiFi, wanda ke nufin siginar WiFi da ke amfani da rukunin mitar 5GHz don watsa bayanai.
Kusan duk na'urorin Wi-Fi da ke kasuwa yanzu suna tallafawa 2.4 GHz, kuma mafi kyawun na'urori na iya tallafawa duka biyun, wato 2.4 GHz da 5 GHz.Irin waɗannan hanyoyin sadarwa na broadband ana kiransu dual-band wireless routers.
Bari mu yi magana game da 2.4GHz da 5GHz a cikin hanyar sadarwar Wi-Fi da ke ƙasa.
Ci gaban fasahar Wi-Fi yana da tarihin shekaru 20, daga ƙarni na farko na 802.11b zuwa 802.11g, 802.11a, 802.11n, zuwa 802.11ax na yanzu (WiFi6).
Matsayin Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi mara waya taƙaice ce kawai.Haƙiƙa su ne juzu'i na ma'aunin cibiyar sadarwa na yanki mara waya ta 802.11.Tun lokacin da aka haife shi a cikin 1997, an haɓaka fiye da nau'i 35 na girma dabam dabam.Daga cikin su, 802.11a/b/g/n/ac an ƙirƙira wasu ƙarin manyan juzu'i shida.
IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.11a daidaitaccen ma'auni ne na asali na 802.11 kuma an amince dashi a cikin 1999. Ma'auni na 802.11a yana amfani da ƙa'idar mahimmanci ɗaya kamar daidaitattun asali.Mitar aiki ita ce 5GHz, ana amfani da 52 orthogonal mitar rarrabuwar kayyakin jigilar kayayyaki, kuma matsakaicin matsakaicin danyen watsa bayanai shine 54Mb/s, wanda ke samun matsakaicin kayan aiki na ainihin hanyar sadarwa.(20Mb/s) bukatun.
Saboda karuwar mitar mitar 2.4G, amfani da rukunin mitar 5G muhimmin ci gaba ne na 802.11a.Duk da haka, yana kuma kawo matsaloli.Nisan watsawa ba shi da kyau kamar 802.11b/g;a ka'idar, siginar 5G sun fi sauƙi don toshewa da shayarwa ta bango, don haka ɗaukar hoto na 802.11a bai kai 801.11b ba.802.11a kuma ana iya tsoma baki, amma saboda babu alamun tsangwama da yawa a kusa, 802.11a yawanci yana da mafi kyawun kayan aiki.
IEEE 802.11b
IEEE 802.11b misali ne don cibiyoyin sadarwar yanki mara waya.Mitar mai ɗauka shine 2.4GHz, wanda zai iya samar da saurin watsawa da yawa na 1, 2, 5.5 da 11Mbit/s.Wani lokaci ana yi masa lakabi da Wi-Fi kuskure.Haƙiƙa, Wi-Fi alamar kasuwanci ce ta Wi-Fi Alliance.Wannan alamar kasuwanci tana ba da garantin cewa kayayyaki masu amfani da alamar kasuwanci za su iya yin aiki tare da juna, kuma ba shi da wata alaƙa da ƙa'idar kanta.A cikin rukunin mitar ISM na 2.4-GHz, akwai jimillar tashoshi 11 tare da bandwidth na 22MHz, waɗanda ke da sarƙoƙi na mitar mita 11.Magajin IEEE 802.11b shine IEEE 802.11g.
IEEE 802.11g
An ƙaddamar da IEEE 802.11g a cikin Yuli 2003. Mitar mai ɗaukarsa shine 2.4GHz (daidai da 802.11b), jimlar 14 mita, saurin watsawa na asali shine 54Mbit / s, kuma saurin watsawa yana kusan 24.7Mbit/ s (daidai da 802.11a).Na'urorin 802.11g suna dacewa da ƙasa tare da 802.11b.
Daga baya, wasu masana'antun na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa mara waya sun haɓaka sabbin ma'auni dangane da ma'aunin IEEE 802.11g don amsa buƙatun kasuwa, kuma sun ƙara saurin watsa ka'idar zuwa 108Mbit/s ko 125Mbit/s.
IEEE 802.11n
IEEE 802.11n wani ma'auni ne wanda aka haɓaka bisa tushen 802.11-2007 ta sabon rukunin aiki wanda IEEE ya kafa a cikin Janairu 2004 kuma an amince da shi bisa ƙa'ida a watan Satumba na 2009. Ma'aunin yana ƙara tallafi ga MIMO, yana ba da damar bandwidth mara waya na 40MHz, da ka'idar ka'idar. Matsakaicin saurin watsawa shine 600Mbit/s.A lokaci guda, ta amfani da lambar toshewar lokaci-lokaci da Alamouti ya gabatar, ƙa'idar tana faɗaɗa kewayon watsa bayanai.
IEEE 802.11ac
IEEE 802.11ac shine ma'aunin sadarwar kwamfuta mara waya ta 802.11 mai tasowa, wanda ke amfani da rukunin mitar 6GHz (wanda kuma aka sani da rukunin mitar 5GHz) don sadarwar gida mara waya (WLAN).A ka'idar, yana iya samar da aƙalla 1 Gigabit a kowane sakan na bandwidth don sadarwar cibiyar sadarwa mara igiyar waya ta tashoshi masu yawa (WLAN), ko aƙalla megabits 500 a sakan daya (500 Mbit/s) don watsa bandwidth guda ɗaya.
Yana ɗaukar kuma yana faɗaɗa ra'ayi na ƙirar iska wanda aka samo daga 802.11n, gami da: faɗaɗa bandwidth na RF (har zuwa 160 MHz), ƙarin rafukan sararin samaniya na MIMO (wanda aka ƙaru zuwa 8), MU-MIMO, da haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka (modulation, har zuwa 256QAM). ).Yana da yuwuwar magaji ga IEEE 802.11n.
IEEE 802.11ax
A cikin 2017, Broadcom ya jagoranci ƙaddamar da guntu mara waya ta 802.11ax.Domin 802.11ad da ya gabata ya kasance a cikin rukunin mitar 60GHZ, kodayake an ƙara saurin watsawa, ɗaukar hoto ya iyakance, kuma ya zama fasaha mai aiki wanda ke taimakawa 802.11ac.Dangane da aikin IEEE na hukuma, Wi-Fi na ƙarni na shida wanda ya gaji 802.11ac shine 802.11ax, kuma an ƙaddamar da na'urar rabawa mai tallafi tun 2018.
Bambanci tsakanin 2.4GHz da 5GHz
An haifi ƙarni na farko na mizanin watsa mara waya ta IEEE 802.11 a cikin 1997, don haka yawancin na'urorin lantarki gabaɗaya suna amfani da mitar mara waya ta 2.4GHz, irin su microwave oven, na'urorin Bluetooth, da sauransu, za su ƙara ko žasa tsoma baki tare da 2.4GHz Wi-FI, don haka Ana shafar siginar zuwa wani matsayi, kamar yadda hanya mai doki, kekuna da motoci ke gudana a lokaci guda, kuma saurin gudu na motocin ya shafi dabi'a.
WiFi na 5GHz yana amfani da maɗaurin mitar mafi girma don kawo ƙarancin cunkoson tashoshi.Yana amfani da tashoshi 22 kuma baya tsoma baki tare da juna.Idan aka kwatanta da tashoshi 3 na 2.4GHz, yana rage cunkoson sigina sosai.Don haka adadin watsawa na 5GHz ya fi 5GHz sauri fiye da 2.4GHz.
Mitar mitar Wi-Fi ta 5GHz ta amfani da ka'idar 802.11ac na ƙarni na biyar na iya kaiwa saurin watsawa na 433Mbps a ƙarƙashin bandwidth na 80MHz, da saurin watsawa na 866Mbps a ƙarƙashin bandwidth na 160MHz, idan aka kwatanta da ƙimar watsawar 2.4GHz mafi girma. 300Mbps An inganta sosai.
5GHz Ba a toshe
Koyaya, 5GHz Wi-Fi shima yana da gazawa.Kasawar ta sun ta'allaka ne a cikin nisan watsawa da kuma ikon keta cikas.
Saboda Wi-Fi igiyar ruwa ce ta lantarki, babbar hanyar yaɗa shi ita ce yaɗa layin madaidaiciya.Lokacin da ta fuskanci cikas, zai haifar da shiga, tunani, diffraction da sauran abubuwan mamaki.Daga cikin su, shigar azzakari cikin farji shine babba, kuma karamin sashi na siginar zai faru.Tunani da rarrabuwa.Siffofin zahiri na igiyoyin rediyo su ne cewa raguwar mitar, tsayin tsayin igiyoyin ruwa, ƙarancin hasarar da ake samu yayin yaɗawa, da faɗin ɗaukar hoto, da sauƙin ketare cikas;mafi girman mitar, ƙaramin ɗaukar hoto kuma mafi wahala shine.Tafi kusa da cikas.
Sabili da haka, siginar 5G tare da mitar mita mai tsayi da gajeren zango yana da ɗan ƙaramin yanki mai ɗaukar hoto, kuma ikon wucewa ta cikas bai kai 2.4GHz ba.
Dangane da nisan watsawa, 2.4GHz Wi-Fi na iya kaiwa matsakaicin ɗaukar hoto na mita 70 a gida, da matsakaicin ɗaukar hoto na mita 250 a waje.Kuma 5GHz Wi-Fi zai iya kaiwa iyakar iyakar mita 35 a cikin gida.
Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna kwatankwacin ɗaukar hoto na Binciken Gidan Yanar Gizo na Ekahau tsakanin mitar mitar 2.4 GHz da 5 GHz don ƙirar ƙira.Mafi duhu kore na siminti biyu yana wakiltar saurin 150 Mbps.Ja a cikin simintin 2.4 GHz yana nuna saurin 1 Mbps, kuma ja a 5 GHz yana nuna saurin 6 Mbps.Kamar yadda kake gani, ɗaukar hoto na 2.4 GHz APs hakika ya ɗan fi girma, amma saurin a gefuna na ɗaukar hoto na 5 GHz yana da sauri.
5 GHz da 2.4 GHz mitoci daban-daban, kowannensu yana da fa'ida ga cibiyoyin sadarwar Wi-Fi, kuma waɗannan fa'idodin na iya dogara ne akan yadda kuke tsara hanyar sadarwar-musamman lokacin la'akari da kewayon kewayon da cikas (bango, da sauransu) waɗanda siginar na iya buƙata. don rufewa Ya yi yawa?
Idan kana buƙatar rufe yanki mafi girma ko samun mafi girma shiga cikin ganuwar, 2.4 GHz zai fi kyau.Koyaya, ba tare da waɗannan iyakoki ba, 5 GHz zaɓi ne mai sauri.Lokacin da muka haɗu da fa'ida da rashin amfani na waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan mitar guda biyu kuma muka haɗa su zuwa ɗaya, ta hanyar amfani da wuraren samun damar shiga-band-band a cikin jigilar mara waya, za mu iya ninka bandwidth mara waya, rage tasirin tsangwama, kuma mu ji daɗin kowane zagaye A mafi kyawun Wi. -Fi cibiyar sadarwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-09-2021