Da farko dai, dole ne mu bayyana karara cewa sadarwa ta 5G ba iri ɗaya ba ce da Wi-Fi na 5Ghz da za mu yi magana a kai a yau. Sadarwa ta 5G a zahiri takaitaccen tsarin sadarwar wayar hannu ne na ƙarni na 5, wanda galibi yana nufin fasahar sadarwa ta wayar salula. Kuma 5G ɗinmu a nan yana nufin 5GHz a cikin ma'aunin WiFi, wanda ke nufin siginar WiFi da ke amfani da mitar 5GHz don aika bayanai.
Kusan dukkan na'urorin Wi-Fi da ke kasuwa yanzu suna goyon bayan 2.4 GHz, kuma ingantattun na'urori na iya tallafawa duka biyun, wato 2.4 GHz da 5 GHz. Irin waɗannan na'urorin sadarwa na intanet ana kiransu da na'urorin sadarwa marasa waya masu amfani da hanyoyi biyu.
Bari mu yi magana game da 2.4GHz da 5GHz a cikin hanyar sadarwar Wi-Fi a ƙasa.
Ci gaban fasahar Wi-Fi yana da tarihin shekaru 20, daga ƙarni na farko na 802.11b zuwa 802.11g, 802.11a, 802.11n, da kuma zuwa 802.11ax na yanzu (WiFi6).
Matsayin Wi-Fi
Wireless WiFi kawai takaitaccen bayani ne. A zahiri su ne wani ɓangare na ma'aunin cibiyar sadarwa ta gida mara waya ta 802.11. Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a shekarar 1997, an ƙirƙiro nau'ikan sama da 35 masu girma dabam-dabam. Daga cikinsu, an ƙirƙiro wasu nau'ikan 802.11a/b/g/n/ac guda shida.
IEEE 802.11a
IEEE 802.11a ma'auni ne da aka gyara na ma'aunin 802.11 na asali kuma an amince da shi a shekarar 1999. Ma'aunin 802.11a yana amfani da tsarin asali iri ɗaya kamar ma'aunin asali. Mitar aiki ita ce 5GHz, ana amfani da ƙananan masu ɗaukar bayanai masu yawa guda 52, kuma matsakaicin saurin watsa bayanai shine 54Mb/s, wanda ke cimma matsakaicin ƙarfin da ake buƙata na ainihin hanyar sadarwa (20Mb/s).
Saboda yawan cunkoson mitar 2.4G, amfani da mitar 5G muhimmin ci gaba ne na 802.11a. Duk da haka, yana kuma kawo matsaloli. Nisa tsakanin watsawa bai kai 802.11b/g ba; a ka'ida, siginar 5G tana da sauƙin toshewa da kuma sha ta bango, don haka rufewar 802.11a bai kai 801.11b ba. Haka kuma ana iya katse 802.11a, amma saboda babu siginar tsangwama da yawa a kusa, 802.11a yawanci yana da mafi kyawun fitarwa.
IEEE 802.11b
IEEE 802.11b misali ne na hanyoyin sadarwa na gida mara waya. Mitar mai ɗaukar hoto ita ce 2.4GHz, wanda zai iya samar da saurin watsawa da yawa na 1, 2, 5.5 da 11Mbit/s. Wani lokaci ana yi masa lakabi da Wi-Fi ba daidai ba. A gaskiya ma, Wi-Fi alamar kasuwanci ce ta Wi-Fi Alliance. Wannan alamar kasuwanci tana tabbatar da cewa kayayyaki masu amfani da alamar kasuwanci za su iya yin aiki tare da juna, kuma ba ta da alaƙa da daidaitaccen kanta. A cikin mitar ISM ta 2.4-GHz, akwai jimillar tashoshi 11 tare da bandwidth na 22MHz, waɗanda su ne mitar mita 11 masu haɗuwa. Wanda ya maye gurbin IEEE 802.11b shine IEEE 802.11g.
IEEE 802.11g
An ƙaddamar da IEEE 802.11g a watan Yulin 2003. Mitar mai ɗaukarsa ita ce 2.4GHz (daidai da 802.11b), jimillar mita 14, saurin watsawa na asali shine 54Mbit/s, kuma saurin watsawa na yanar gizo shine kusan 24.7Mbit/s (daidai da 802.11a). Na'urorin 802.11g sun yi daidai da 802.11b.
Daga baya, wasu masana'antun na'urorin sadarwa marasa waya sun ƙirƙiro sabbin ƙa'idodi bisa ga ma'aunin IEEE 802.11g don biyan buƙatun kasuwa, kuma sun ƙara saurin watsawa na ka'idar zuwa 108Mbit/s ko 125Mbit/s.
IEEE 802.11n
IEEE 802.11n wani ma'auni ne da aka ƙirƙiro bisa ga 802.11-2007 ta hanyar sabuwar ƙungiyar aiki da IEEE ta kafa a watan Janairun 2004 kuma an amince da shi a hukumance a watan Satumba na 2009. Ma'aunin ya ƙara tallafi ga MIMO, yana ba da damar samun bandwidth mara waya na 40MHz, kuma matsakaicin saurin watsawa na ka'ida shine 600Mbit/s. A lokaci guda, ta hanyar amfani da lambar toshe-lokacin sarari da Alamui ta gabatar, ma'aunin yana faɗaɗa kewayon watsa bayanai.
IEEE 802.11ac
IEEE 802.11ac wani tsari ne na sadarwa ta kwamfuta mara waya mai ƙarfi na 802.11, wanda ke amfani da mitar 6GHz (wanda kuma aka sani da mitar 5GHz) don sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa ta gida mara waya (WLAN). A ka'ida, yana iya samar da aƙalla bandwidth 1 Gigabit a sakan ɗaya don sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa ta gida mara waya ta tashoshi da yawa (WLAN), ko kuma aƙalla megabits 500 a sakan ɗaya (500 Mbit/s) don bandwidth guda ɗaya na watsa haɗin.
Yana ɗaukar kuma yana faɗaɗa ra'ayin haɗin iska wanda aka samo daga 802.11n, gami da: faɗin bandwidth na RF (har zuwa 160 MHz), ƙarin rafukan sarari na MIMO (an ƙara zuwa 8), MU-MIMO, da kuma babban yawan haɓakawa (daidaitawa, har zuwa 256QAM). Yana iya maye gurbin IEEE 802.11n.
IEEE 802.11ax
A shekarar 2017, Broadcom ta jagoranci ƙaddamar da guntu mara waya ta 802.11ax. Saboda 802.11ad na baya ya fi yawa a cikin mitar mita ta 60GHZ, kodayake an ƙara saurin watsawa, ɗaukar nauyinsa yana da iyaka, kuma ya zama fasaha mai aiki wacce ta taimaka wa 802.11ac. A cewar aikin IEEE na hukuma, Wi-Fi na ƙarni na shida wanda ya gaji 802.11ac shine 802.11ax, kuma an ƙaddamar da na'urar raba tallafi tun daga shekarar 2018.
Bambanci tsakanin 2.4GHz da 5GHz
An haifi ƙarni na farko na tsarin watsawa mara waya na IEEE 802.11 a shekarar 1997, don haka na'urorin lantarki da yawa galibi suna amfani da mitar mara waya ta 2.4GHz, kamar tanda na microwave, na'urorin Bluetooth, da sauransu, za su yi tasiri sosai ga Wi-Fi na 2.4GHz, don haka siginar tana shafar wani mataki, kamar hanya mai kekuna, kekuna da motoci suna gudana a lokaci guda, kuma saurin gudu na motocin yana shafar ta halitta.
Wifi na 5GHz yana amfani da mafi girman mitar rediyo don rage cunkoson tashoshi. Yana amfani da tashoshi 22 kuma baya tsoma baki a tsakaninsu. Idan aka kwatanta da tashoshi 3 na 2.4GHz, yana rage cunkoson sigina sosai. Don haka saurin watsawa na 5GHz ya fi sauri fiye da 2.4GHz.
Bandungiyar mitar Wi-Fi ta 5GHz ta amfani da yarjejeniyar 802.11ac ta ƙarni na biyar za ta iya isa ga saurin watsawa na 433Mbps a ƙarƙashin bandwidth na 80MHz, kuma saurin watsawa na 866Mbps a ƙarƙashin bandwidth na 160MHz, idan aka kwatanta da ƙimar watsawa na 2.4GHz na mafi girman ƙimar 300Mbps An inganta sosai.
5GHz Ba tare da wata matsala ba
Duk da haka, Wi-Fi na 5GHz yana da nakasu. Rashinsa yana cikin nisan watsawa da kuma ikon ketare cikas.
Saboda Wi-Fi wani nau'in wutar lantarki ne, babban hanyar yaɗa shi ita ce yaɗa shi ta layi madaidaiciya. Idan ya ci karo da cikas, zai samar da shiga, tunani, rarrabuwar kawuna da sauran abubuwan da suka faru. Daga cikinsu, shiga shi ne babban abu, kuma ƙaramin ɓangare na siginar zai faru. Tunani da rarrabuwar kawuna. Halayen zahiri na raƙuman rediyo sune cewa ƙarancin mita, tsawon tsayin tsayi, ƙarancin asara yayin yaɗawa, faɗaɗa ɗaukar hoto, da sauƙin kauce wa cikas; mafi girman mita, ƙaramin ɗaukar hoto kuma mafi wahalarsa. Ku yi taka-tsantsan da cikas.
Saboda haka, siginar 5G mai yawan mita da gajeren zango tana da ƙaramin yanki na ɗaukar hoto, kuma ikon wucewa ta cikin cikas bai kai 2.4GHz ba.
Dangane da nisan watsawa, Wi-Fi mai karfin 2.4GHz zai iya kaiwa matsakaicin kariyar mita 70 a cikin gida, kuma matsakaicin kariyar mita 250 a waje. Kuma Wi-Fi mai karfin 5GHz zai iya kaiwa matsakaicin kariyar mita 35 a cikin gida.
Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna kwatancen yadda Ekahau Site Survey ke hulɗa da mitar 2.4 GHz da 5 GHz ga mai ƙira na kama-da-wane. Mafi duhun kore daga cikin kwaikwayo biyu yana wakiltar saurin 150 Mbps. Ja a cikin kwaikwayon 2.4 GHz yana nuna saurin 1 Mbps, kuma ja a cikin 5 GHz yana nuna saurin 6 Mbps. Kamar yadda kuke gani, ɗaukar nauyin 2.4 GHz APs hakika ya ɗan fi girma, amma saurin da ke gefunan ɗaukar nauyin 5 GHz ya fi sauri.
5 GHz da 2.4 GHz mitoci ne daban-daban, kowannensu yana da fa'idodi ga hanyoyin sadarwar Wi-Fi, kuma waɗannan fa'idodin na iya dogara ne akan yadda kuke tsara hanyar sadarwar - musamman lokacin la'akari da kewayon da cikas (bango, da sauransu) da siginar za ta iya buƙatar rufewa Shin ya yi yawa?
Idan kana buƙatar rufe babban yanki ko kuma ka sami damar shiga bango sosai, 2.4 GHz zai fi kyau. Duk da haka, ba tare da waɗannan iyakoki ba, 5 GHz zaɓi ne mafi sauri. Idan muka haɗa fa'idodi da rashin amfanin waɗannan tashoshin mitar guda biyu muka haɗa su wuri ɗaya, ta hanyar amfani da wuraren shiga na band biyu a cikin tsarin aikawa da mara waya, za mu iya ninka bandwidth mara waya, rage tasirin tsangwama, da kuma jin daɗin hanyar sadarwa ta Wi-Fi mafi kyau a ko'ina.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-09-2021