Tuatahi, me mārama tātou kāore te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero 5G i rite ki te Wi-Fi 5Ghz ka kōrerohia e tātou i tēnei rā. Ko te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero 5G te whakarāpopototanga o ngā whatunga pūkoro o te whakatupuranga tuarima, e pā ana ki te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pūkoro. Ā, ko tā tātou 5G i konei e pā ana ki te 5GHz i roto i te paerewa WiFi, e pā ana ki te tohu WiFi e whakamahi ana i te roopu auau 5GHz hei tuku raraunga.
Tata ki ngā taputapu Wi-Fi katoa kei te mākete e tautoko ana i te 2.4 GHz, ā, ka taea e ngā taputapu pai ake te tautoko i ngā mea e rua, arā, te 2.4 GHz me te 5 GHz. Ka kiia ēnei pouara whānui he pouara ahokore takirua-rohe.
Me kōrero tātou mō te 2.4GHz me te 5GHz i roto i te whatunga Wi-Fi i raro nei.
E 20 tau te roa o te whanaketanga o te hangarau Wi-Fi, mai i te whakatupuranga tuatahi o 802.11b ki te 802.11g, 802.11a, 802.11n, tae noa ki te 802.11ax (WiFi6) o nāianei.
Paerewa Ipurangi-kore
He whakarāpopototanga noa iho te kupu "WiFi wireless". He wāhanga iti noa iho ēnei o te paerewa whatunga rohe ahokore 802.11. Mai i tōna whānautanga i te tau 1997, neke atu i te 35 ngā putanga o ngā rahi rerekē kua whakawhanakehia. I roto i ēnei, kua whakawhanakehia te 802.11a/b/g/n/ac me ētahi atu putanga e ono kua pakeke ake.
IEEE 802.11a
Ko te IEEE 802.11a he paerewa whakahou o te paerewa taketake 802.11, ā, i whakaaetia i te tau 1999. E whakamahi ana te paerewa 802.11a i te kawa matua kotahi me te paerewa taketake. Ko te auau whakahaere he 5GHz, e 52 ngā kaikawe maha-wehenga auau orthogonal e whakamahia ana, ā, ko te tere tuku raraunga mata mōrahi he 54Mb/s, e tutuki ai te putanga waenga o te whatunga tuturu. (20Mb/s) ngā whakaritenga.
Nā te piki haere o te maha o ngā auau 2.4G, he mea nui te whakamahi i te auau 5G hei whakapai ake i te 802.11a. Heoi anō, he raruraru anō hoki. Kāore te tawhiti tuku i te pai pērā i te 802.11b/g; i roto i te ariā, he māmā ake te aukati me te mimiti i ngā tohu 5G e ngā pakitara, nō reira kāore te kapinga o te 802.11a i te pai pērā i te 801.11b. Ka taea hoki te whakararuraru i te 802.11a, engari nā te mea kāore i te maha ngā tohu whakararuraru e tata ana, he pai ake te horapa o te 802.11a.
IEEE 802.11b
Ko te IEEE 802.11b he paerewa mō ngā whatunga rohe ahokore. Ko te auau kawe he 2.4GHz, ka taea te whakarato i ngā tere tuku maha o te 1, 2, 5.5 me te 11Mbit/s. I ētahi wā ka tapaina he Wi-Fi. Inaa, ko te Wi-Fi he tohu hokohoko nā te Wi-Fi Alliance. Ko tēnei tohu hokohoko he whakamana noa iho ka taea e ngā taonga e whakamahi ana i te tohu hokohoko te mahi tahi tetahi ki tetahi, ā, kāore he pānga ki te paerewa tonu. I roto i te roopu auau ISM 2.4-GHz, e 11 ngā hongere katoa me te whānui o te 22MHz, arā, e 11 ngā roopu auau e taupatupatu ana. Ko te uri o muri i te IEEE 802.11b ko IEEE 802.11g.
IEEE 802.11g
I whakamanahia te IEEE 802.11g i te marama o Hūrae 2003. Ko te auau o tana kaikawe he 2.4GHz (he rite ki te 802.11b), he 14 ngā roopu auau katoa, ko te tere tuku taketake he 54Mbit/s, ā, ko te tere tuku kupenga he tata ki te 24.7Mbit/s (he rite ki te 802.11a). Ka heke te hototahi o ngā taputapu 802.11g ki te 802.11b.
Nō muri mai, i whakawhanakehia e ētahi kaihanga pouara ahokore he paerewa hou i runga i te paerewa IEEE 802.11g hei whakautu i ngā hiahia o te mākete, ā, i whakapiki ake i te tere tuku matapae ki te 108Mbit/s, ki te 125Mbit/s rānei.
IEEE 802.11n
Ko te IEEE 802.11n he paerewa i whakawhanakehia i runga i te 802.11-2007 e tētahi rōpū mahi hou i whakatūria e IEEE i te marama o Hānuere 2004, ā, i whakaaetia mana i te marama o Hepetema 2009. Ka tautokona e te paerewa te MIMO, ka taea ai te whānuitanga ahokore o te 40MHz, ā, ko te tere tuku mōrahi ariā ko te 600Mbit/s. I taua wā anō, mā te whakamahi i te waehere poraka wā-wāhi i whakatakotoria e Alamouti, ka whakawhānuihia e te paerewa te whānuitanga o te tuku raraunga.
IEEE 802.11ac
Ko te IEEE 802.11ac he paerewa whakawhitiwhiti whatunga rorohiko ahokore 802.11 e whanake ana, e whakamahi ana i te roopu auau 6GHz (e mōhiotia ana ko te roopu auau 5GHz) mō te whakawhitiwhiti whatunga rohe ā-rohe ahokore (WLAN). I roto i te ariā, ka taea e ia te whakarato i te iti rawa 1 Gigabit ia hekona mō ngā whakawhitiwhiti whatunga rohe ā-rohe ahokore (WLAN) maha-teihana, i te iti rawa 500 megabit ia hekona (500 Mbit/s) rānei mō te roopu tuku hononga kotahi.
Ka tangohia, ka whakawhānuihia hoki te ariā atanga hau i ahu mai i te 802.11n, tae atu ki: te whānui ake o te whānui o te RF (tae atu ki te 160 MHz), ngā awa ā-wāhi MIMO (kua piki ake ki te 8), MU-MIMO, me te tangohanga kiato-teitei (whakarerekētanga, tae atu ki te 256QAM). He whakakapi pea tēnei mō te IEEE 802.11n.
IEEE 802.11ax
I te tau 2017, i ārahi a Broadcom i te whakarewatanga o te maramara ahokore 802.11ax. Nā te mea ko te 802.11ad o mua i te nuinga o te wā i roto i te roopu auau 60GHZ, ahakoa i whakanuia te tere tuku, i iti tōna kapinga, ā, ka noho hei hangarau mahi hei āwhina i te 802.11ac. E ai ki te kaupapa mana a IEEE, ko te Wi-Fi o te ono o ngā whakatipuranga e whiwhi ana i te 802.11ac ko te 802.11ax, ā, kua whakarewahia he taputapu tiritiri tautoko mai i te tau 2018.
Te rerekētanga i waenga i te 2.4GHz me te 5GHz
I whānau mai te whakatupuranga tuatahi o te paerewa tuku ahokore IEEE 802.11 i te tau 1997, nō reira he maha ngā taputapu hiko e whakamahi ana i te auau ahokore 2.4GHz, pērā i ngā oumu ngaruiti, ngā taputapu Nihokikorangi, me ētahi atu, ka pāngia pea e te Wi-FI 2.4GHz, nō reira ka pāngia te tohu ki tētahi whānuitanga, pērā i te rori e rere ana ngā hariata hoiho, ngā pahikara me ngā motuka i te wā kotahi, ā, ka pāngia te tere o te oma o ngā motuka.
Ka whakamahia e te WiFi 5GHz tētahi awhe auau teitei ake hei whakaiti i te whakakīkī o ngā hongere. E 22 ngā hongere e whakamahia ana, ā, kāore e pokanoa tetahi ki tetahi. Ki te whakaritea ki ngā hongere e 3 o te 2.4GHz, ka tino whakaitihia te whakakīkī o ngā tohu. Nō reira, ko te tere tuku o te 5GHz he 5GHz tere atu i te 2.4GHz.
Ka taea e te roopu auau Wi-Fi 5GHz e whakamahi ana i te kawa 802.11ac o te rima o ngā whakatipuranga te eke ki te tere tuku o te 433Mbps i raro i te whānuitanga o te 80MHz, me te tere tuku o te 866Mbps i raro i te whānuitanga o te 160MHz, ki te whakaritea ki te tere tuku 2.4GHz o te tere teitei o te 300Mbps. Kua tino pai ake.
5GHz Kāore i te Āraihia
Heoi anō, he ngoikoretanga anō hoki tō te Wi-Fi 5GHz. Ko ōna ngoikoretanga kei roto i te tawhiti tuku me te kaha ki te whiti i ngā arai.
Nā te mea he ngaru hikohiko te Wi-Fi, ko tōna tikanga matua ko te horapa rārangi tika. Ina tūtaki ki ngā arai, ka puta he urunga, he whakaata, he whakarara me ētahi atu āhuatanga. I roto i ēnei, ko te urunga te mea matua, ā, ka puta he wāhanga iti o te tohu. Te whakaata me te whakarara. Ko ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o ngā ngaru reo irirangi ko te iti o te auau, ko te roa o te roangaru, ko te iti o te ngaronga i te wā e horapa ana, ko te whānui o te kapinga, ā, ko te māmā ake te karo i ngā arai; ko te teitei o te auau, ko te iti o te kapinga, ā, ko te uaua ake. Haereerea ngā arai.
Nō reira, he iti noa te horahanga o te tohu 5G he nui te auau me te poto te roangaru, ā, kāore te kaha ki te whiti i ngā arai i te rite te pai ki te 2.4GHz.
Mō te tawhiti tuku, ka taea e te Wi-Fi 2.4GHz te toro atu ki te 70 mita te whānui o te kapinga i roto i te whare, ā, ka taea hoki e te Wi-Fi 5GHz te toro atu ki te 35 mita anake i roto i te whare.
E whakaatu ana te ahua i raro nei i te whakataurite i te kapinga o te Rangahau Pae o Ekahau i waenga i ngā roopu auau 2.4 GHz me te 5 GHz mō te kaihoahoa mariko. Ko te kakariki pouri rawa o ngā whakatauira e rua e tohu ana i te tere o te 150 Mbps. Ko te whero i roto i te whakatauira 2.4 GHz e tohu ana i te tere o te 1 Mbps, ā, ko te whero i roto i te 5 GHz e tohu ana i te tere o te 6 Mbps. E kite ana koe, he paku nui ake te kapinga o ngā AP 2.4 GHz, engari he tere ake ngā tere i ngā taha o te kapinga 5 GHz.
He rerekē ngā auau 5 GHz me te 2.4 GHz, ā, he painga tō ia auau mō ngā whatunga Wi-Fi, ā, ko ēnei painga ka whakawhirinaki pea ki te āhua o tō whakarite i te whatunga - ina koa ka whakaarohia te whānuitanga me ngā arai (ngā pakitara, me ētahi atu) me hipoki e te tohu. He nui rawa?
Mena me hipoki he wāhi nui ake, me nui ake rānei te uru ki roto i ngā pakitara, he pai ake te 2.4 GHz. Heoi, ki te kore ēnei herenga, he tere ake te kōwhiringa 5 GHz. Ina whakakotahihia e tātou ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ēnei roopu auau e rua, ka whakakotahihia hei kotahi, mā te whakamahi i ngā pūwāhi urunga roopu-rua i roto i te whakatinanatanga ahokore, ka taea e tātou te whakaneke rua i te roanga o te hononga ahokore, te whakaiti i te pānga o te pokanoa, me te pai ki te whatunga Wi-Fi pai ake puta noa.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-09-2021