Okokuqala, kufuneka sicacise ukuba unxibelelwano lwe-5G alufani ne-5Ghz Wi-Fi esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje. Unxibelelwano lwe-5G lusisifinyezo seenethiwekhi zeselula zesizukulwana sesi-5, esibhekisa kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bonxibelelwano lweselula. Kwaye i-5G yethu apha ibhekisa kwi-5GHz kumgangatho we-WiFi, ebhekisa kwisignali ye-WiFi esebenzisa ibhendi ye-5GHz ukudlulisa idatha.
Phantse zonke izixhobo ze-Wi-Fi ezikwimarike ngoku zixhasa i-2.4 GHz, kwaye izixhobo ezingcono zinokuxhasa zombini, oko kukuthi i-2.4 GHz kunye ne-5 GHz. Ezi routers ze-broadband zibizwa ngokuba ziirouters ezingenazingcingo ze-dual-band.
Makhe sithethe nge-2.4GHz kunye ne-5GHz kwinethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi ngezantsi.
Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-Wi-Fi lunembali yeminyaka engama-20, ukususela kwisizukulwana sokuqala se-802.11b ukuya kwi-802.11g, 802.11a, 802.11n, ukuya kwi-802.11ax (WiFi6) yangoku.
Umgangatho we-Wi-Fi
I-WiFi wireless sisifinyezo nje. Enyanisweni ziyinxalenye yomgangatho wenethiwekhi yendawo engenazingcingo ye-802.11. Ukusukela oko yazalwa ngo-1997, kuye kwaveliswa iinguqulelo ezingaphezu kwama-35 zobukhulu obahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwazo, i-802.11a/b/g/n/ac iye yaveliswa ezinye iinguqulelo ezintandathu ezivuthiweyo.
IEEE 802.11a
I-IEEE 802.11a ngumgangatho ohlaziyiweyo womgangatho wokuqala we-802.11 kwaye yamkelwa ngo-1999. Umgangatho we-802.11a usebenzisa iprotokholi eyintloko efanayo nomgangatho wokuqala. I-frequency yokusebenza yi-5GHz, kusetyenziswa ii-subcarriers ze-orthogonal frequency division ezingama-52, kwaye izinga eliphezulu lokudluliselwa kwedatha eluhlaza yi-54Mb/s, nto leyo efezekisa i-medium throughput yenethiwekhi yokwenyani. (20Mb/s) iimfuno.
Ngenxa yokwanda kwebhendi yefrikhwensi ye-2.4G, ukusetyenziswa kwebhendi yefrikhwensi ye-5G kukuphucula okubalulekileyo kwe-802.11a. Nangona kunjalo, kuzisa neengxaki. Umgama wokudluliselwa awukho mhle njenge-802.11b/g; ngokwethiyori, iimpawu ze-5G kulula ukuzivala nokuzifunxa ziindonga, ngoko ke ukugubungela kwe-802.11a akukuhle njenge-801.11b. I-802.11a nayo inokuphazamiseka, kodwa ngenxa yokuba azikho iimpawu ezininzi zokuphazamiseka ezikufutshane, i-802.11a idla ngokuba nefuthe elingcono.
IEEE 802.11b
I-IEEE 802.11b ngumgangatho wenethiwekhi zasekhaya ezingenazingcingo. I-carrier frequency yi-2.4GHz, enokubonelela ngesantya sokudlulisa esiphindaphindeneyo se-1, 2, 5.5 kunye ne-11Mbit/s. Ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-Wi-Fi ngendlela engachanekanga. Enyanisweni, i-Wi-Fi luphawu lwentengiso lwe-Wi-Fi Alliance. Olu phawu lwentengiso luqinisekisa kuphela ukuba iimpahla ezisebenzisa uphawu lwentengiso zinokusebenzisana, kwaye azinanto yakwenza nomgangatho ngokwawo. Kwibhendi yefrikhwensi ye-ISM ye-2.4-GHz, kukho iitshaneli ezili-11 ezipheleleyo ezine-bandwidth ye-22MHz, eziyi-11 ezijikelezileyo. Ilandela i-IEEE 802.11b yi-IEEE 802.11g.
IEEE 802.11g
I-IEEE 802.11g yapasiswa ngoJulayi 2003. Isantya somthwali wayo yi-2.4GHz (efana ne-802.11b), inani lilonke leebhendi zefrikhwensi ezili-14, isantya sokudlulisa sokuqala yi-54Mbit/s, kwaye isantya sokudlulisa esipheleleyo simalunga ne-24.7Mbit/s (efana ne-802.11a). Izixhobo ze-802.11g zihambelana ne-802.11b.
Kamva, abanye abavelisi bee-router ezingenazingcingo baphuhlisa imigangatho emitsha ngokusekelwe kumgangatho we-IEEE 802.11g ukuphendula iimfuno zemarike, baza bonyusa isantya sokudlulisa esisekelwe kwi-108Mbit/s okanye kwi-125Mbit/s.
IEEE 802.11n
I-IEEE 802.11n ngumgangatho ophuhliswe ngokusekelwe kwi-802.11-2007 liqela elitsha elisebenzayo elasekwa yi-IEEE ngoJanuwari 2004 kwaye lamkelwa ngokusesikweni ngoSeptemba 2009. Lo mgangatho wongeza inkxaso kwi-MIMO, uvumela i-bandwidth engenazingcingo ye-40MHz, kwaye isantya esiphezulu sokudlulisa yi-600Mbit/s. Kwangaxeshanye, ngokusebenzisa ikhowudi yebhloko yesithuba-xesha ecetywayo yi-Alamouti, umgangatho wandisa uluhlu lokudlulisa idatha.
IEEE 802.11ac
I-IEEE 802.11ac ngumgangatho wonxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi yekhompyutha engenazingcingo we-802.11 okhulayo, osebenzisa ibhendi yefrikhwensi ye-6GHz (ekwaziwa ngokuba yibhendi yefrikhwensi ye-5GHz) kunxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi yendawo engenazingcingo (i-WLAN). Ngokwethiyori, inokubonelela ubuncinane i-1 Gigabit ngesekhondi yonxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi yendawo engenazingcingo (i-WLAN) yezikhululo ezininzi, okanye ubuncinane i-500 megabits ngesekhondi (500 Mbit/s) yonxibelelwano olunye lwefrikhwensi yokudlulisa uqhagamshelo.
Yamkela kwaye yandisa ingcamango yojongano lomoya ethathwe kwi-802.11n, kuquka: i-bandwidth ebanzi ye-RF (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-160 MHz), imijelo engaphezulu yendawo ye-MIMO (enyuswe ukuya kwi-8), i-MU-MIMO, kunye ne-demodulation ephezulu (i-modulation, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-256QAM). Ingumlandeli onokubakho we-IEEE 802.11n.
IEEE 802.11ax
Ngowama-2017, iBroadcom yakhokela ekuqaliseni itshiphu engenazingcingo ye-802.11ax. Ngenxa yokuba i-802.11ad yangaphambili yayikwibhendi yamaza e-60GHZ, nangona isantya sokudlulisa sanyuswa, ukugubungela kwayo kwakulinganiselwe, kwaye yaba yiteknoloji esebenzayo enceda i-802.11ac. Ngokweprojekthi esemthethweni ye-IEEE, i-Wi-Fi yesizukulwana sesithandathu efumana i-802.11ac yi-802.11ax, kwaye isixhobo sokwabelana esixhasayo siqalisiwe ukusukela ngo-2018.
Umahluko phakathi kwe-2.4GHz kunye ne-5GHz
Isizukulwana sokuqala somgangatho wokudlulisa ngaphandle kwentambo i-IEEE 802.11 sazalwa ngo-1997, ngoko ke izixhobo ezininzi ze-elektroniki zihlala zisebenzisa i-2.4GHz wireless frequency, ezifana nee-microwave ovens, izixhobo zeBluetooth, njl.njl., ziya kuphazamisana ne-2.4GHz Wi-FI, ngoko ke isignali iyachaphazeleka kwinqanaba elithile, njengendlela eneenqwelo zamahashe, iibhayisekile kunye neemoto ezihamba ngaxeshanye, kwaye isantya sokusebenza kweemoto siyachaphazeleka ngokwendalo.
I-5GHz WiFi isebenzisa ibhendi yefrikhwensi ephezulu ukuze inciphise ukuxinana kweziteshi. Isebenzisa iitshaneli ezingama-22 kwaye ayiphazamisi enye kwenye. Xa ithelekiswa neetshaneli ezi-3 ze-2.4GHz, inciphisa kakhulu ukuxinana kwesignali. Ngoko ke izinga lokudluliselwa kwe-5GHz likhawuleza nge-5GHz kune-2.4GHz.
Ibhendi ye-Wi-Fi ye-5GHz esebenzisa iprotokholi yesizukulwana sesihlanu ye-802.11ac inokufikelela kwisantya sokudlulisela se-433Mbps phantsi kwe-bandwidth ye-80MHz, kunye nesantya sokudlulisela se-866Mbps phantsi kwe-bandwidth ye-160MHz, xa kuthelekiswa nesantya sokudlulisela se-2.4GHz sesantya esiphezulu se-300Mbps. Iphuculwe kakhulu.
I-5GHz Ayiphazanyiswanga
Nangona kunjalo, i-5GHz Wi-Fi nayo ineengxaki. Iingxaki zayo zikwibanga lokudluliselwa kwe-intanethi kunye nokukwazi ukugqitha imiqobo.
Ngenxa yokuba i-Wi-Fi yi-electromagnetic wave, indlela yayo ephambili yokusasaza kukusasaza umgca othe tye. Xa idibana nemiqobo, iya kuvelisa ukungena, ukubonakalisa, ukusasaza kunye nezinye izinto. Phakathi kwazo, ukungena yeyona nto iphambili, kwaye inxalenye encinci yesignali iya kwenzeka. Ukubonakalisa kunye nokusasaza. Iimpawu zomzimba zamaza erediyo kukuba okukhona i-frequency iphantsi, ubude bobude bomda, kokukhona ilahleko incinci ngexesha lokusasaza, kokukhona ukugubungela kubanzi, kwaye kulula ukudlula imiqobo; okukhona i-frequency iphezulu, kokukhona ukugubungela kuncinci kwaye kunzima ngakumbi. Hamba ujikeleze imiqobo.
Ke ngoko, isignali ye-5G ene-frequency ephezulu kunye ne-wavelength emfutshane inendawo encinci yokugubungela, kwaye amandla okudlula kwimiqobo awekho ngcono njenge-2.4GHz.
Ngokuphathelele umgama wokudluliselwa, i-2.4GHz Wi-Fi inokufikelela kumlinganiselo ophezulu weemitha ezingama-70 ngaphakathi, kunye nomlinganiselo ophezulu weemitha ezingama-250 ngaphandle. Kwaye i-5GHz Wi-Fi inokufikelela kumlinganiselo ophezulu weemitha ezingama-35 ngaphakathi.
Umfanekiso ongezantsi ubonisa uthelekiso lwendlela i-Ekahau Site Survey egubungela ngayo iibhendi ze-frequency ze-2.4 GHz kunye ne-5 GHz zomyili we-virtual. Eyona luhlaza imnyama kwezi simulations zimbini imele isantya se-150 Mbps. Ubomvu kwi-simulation ye-2.4 GHz bubonisa isantya se-1 Mbps, kwaye ubomvu kwi-5 GHz bubonisa isantya se-6 Mbps. Njengoko ubona, indlela i-APs ze-2.4 GHz APs inkulu kancinci, kodwa isantya esikwimiphetho ye-5 GHz sikhulu ngokukhawuleza.
I-5 GHz kunye ne-2.4 GHz ziifrequencies ezahlukeneyo, nganye kuzo ineenzuzo kwiinethiwekhi ze-Wi-Fi, kwaye ezi nzuzo zinokuxhomekeka kwindlela oyicwangcisa ngayo inethiwekhi-ingakumbi xa ucinga ngoluhlu kunye nemiqobo (iindonga, njl.njl.) ekufuneka isignali igubungele. Ngaba ininzi kakhulu?
Ukuba ufuna ukugubungela indawo enkulu okanye ungene kakhulu eludongeni, i-2.4 GHz iya kuba ngcono. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwale mida, i-5 GHz lukhetho olukhawulezayo. Xa sidibanisa iingenelo kunye nokungalungi kwezi bhendi zimbini zefrikhwensi size sizidibanise zibe yinto enye, ngokusebenzisa iindawo zokufikelela zebhendi ezimbini ekusetyenzisweni kwe-wireless, singayiphinda kabini i-bandwidth engenazingcingo, sinciphise impembelelo yokuphazamiseka, kwaye sonwabele inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi engcono kuyo yonke indawo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-09-2021