Choyamba, tiyenera kufotokoza momveka bwino kuti kulumikizana kwa 5G sikofanana ndi Wi-Fi ya 5Ghz yomwe tikambirane lero. Kulumikizana kwa 5G kwenikweni ndi chidule cha ma netiweki am'manja a M'badwo wa 5, chomwe chimatanthauza kwambiri ukadaulo wolumikizirana pafoni yam'manja. Ndipo 5G yathu pano ikutanthauza 5GHz mu muyezo wa WiFi, womwe umatanthauza chizindikiro cha WiFi chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito band ya 5GHz potumiza deta.
Pafupifupi zipangizo zonse za Wi-Fi zomwe zili pamsika tsopano zikuthandizira 2.4 GHz, ndipo zipangizo zabwino zitha kuthandizira zonse ziwiri, zomwe ndi 2.4 GHz ndi 5 GHz. Ma router oterewa amatchedwa ma router opanda waya a dual-band.
Tiyeni tikambirane za 2.4GHz ndi 5GHz mu netiweki ya Wi-Fi pansipa.
Kukula kwa ukadaulo wa Wi-Fi kwakhala ndi mbiri ya zaka 20, kuyambira m'badwo woyamba wa 802.11b mpaka 802.11g, 802.11a, 802.11n, komanso mpaka 802.11ax (WiFi6) yomwe ilipo pano.
Muyezo wa Wi-Fi
WiFi opanda zingwe ndi chidule chabe. Ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo a muyezo wa netiweki ya 802.11 yopanda zingwe. Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1997, mitundu yoposa 35 ya kukula kosiyanasiyana yapangidwa. Pakati pawo, 802.11a/b/g/n/ac yapangidwa mitundu ina isanu ndi umodzi yokhwima.
IEEE 802.11a
IEEE 802.11a ndi muyezo wosinthidwa wa muyezo woyambirira wa 802.11 ndipo unavomerezedwa mu 1999. Muyezo wa 802.11a umagwiritsa ntchito protocol yofanana ndi muyezo woyambirira. Ma frequency ogwiritsira ntchito ndi 5GHz, ma subcarriers a 52 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa data yosaphika ndi 54Mb/s, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti netiweki yeniyeni ifike pamlingo wapakati. (20Mb/s) zofunikira.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma frequency band a 2.4G, kugwiritsa ntchito ma frequency band a 5G ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa 802.11a. Komabe, kumabweretsanso mavuto. Mtunda wotumizira si wabwino ngati 802.11b/g; m'malingaliro, ma signal a 5G ndi osavuta kutsekedwa ndikulowetsedwa ndi makoma, kotero kuphimba kwa 802.11a sikwabwino ngati 801.11b. 802.11a kumathanso kusokonezedwa, koma chifukwa palibe ma signal ambiri osokoneza omwe ali pafupi, 802.11a nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ma throughput abwino.
IEEE 802.11b
IEEE 802.11b ndi muyezo wa ma netiweki opanda zingwe am'deralo. Ma frequency onyamula ndi 2.4GHz, omwe angapereke liwiro losiyanasiyana la 1, 2, 5.5 ndi 11Mbit/s. Nthawi zina amatchedwa Wi-Fi molakwika. Ndipotu, Wi-Fi ndi chizindikiro cha Wi-Fi Alliance. Chizindikiro ichi chimangotsimikizira kuti katundu wogwiritsa ntchito chizindikirocho amatha kugwirizana, ndipo sichikugwirizana ndi muyezo womwewo. Mu gulu la ma frequency la 2.4-GHz ISM, pali njira 11 zonse zokhala ndi bandwidth ya 22MHz, zomwe ndi ma frequency band 11 ophatikizana. Wolowa m'malo mwa IEEE 802.11b ndi IEEE 802.11g.
IEEE 802.11g
IEEE 802.11g idavomerezedwa mu Julayi 2003. Ma frequency a chonyamulira chake ndi 2.4GHz (mofanana ndi 802.11b), ma frequency band 14 onse, liwiro loyambirira la kutumiza ndi 54Mbit/s, ndipo liwiro lonse la kutumiza ndi pafupifupi 24.7Mbit/s (mofanana ndi 802.11a). Zipangizo za 802.11g zimagwirizana ndi 802.11b.
Pambuyo pake, opanga ma router ena opanda zingwe adapanga miyezo yatsopano kutengera muyezo wa IEEE 802.11g poyankha zosowa za msika, ndipo adawonjezera liwiro la kutumiza ma network kufika pa 108Mbit/s kapena 125Mbit/s.
IEEE 802.11n
IEEE 802.11n ndi muyezo wopangidwa pamaziko a 802.11-2007 ndi gulu latsopano logwira ntchito lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi IEEE mu Januwale 2004 ndipo linavomerezedwa mwalamulo mu Seputembala 2009. Muyezowu umawonjezera chithandizo cha MIMO, kulola bandwidth yopanda zingwe ya 40MHz, ndipo liwiro lalikulu kwambiri lotumizira ndi 600Mbit/s. Nthawi yomweyo, pogwiritsa ntchito khodi ya block-time yomwe idaperekedwa ndi Alamouti, muyezowu umakulitsa kuchuluka kwa kutumiza deta.
IEEE 802.11ac
IEEE 802.11ac ndi muyezo wolumikizirana wa netiweki ya makompyuta opanda zingwe wa 802.11, womwe umagwiritsa ntchito bandeji ya ma frequency ya 6GHz (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti bandeji ya ma frequency ya 5GHz) yolumikizirana ndi netiweki ya m'deralo yopanda zingwe (WLAN). Mwachidule, imatha kupereka bandwidth yosachepera 1 Gigabit pa sekondi ya kulumikizana kwa netiweki ya m'deralo yopanda zingwe (WLAN), kapena osachepera 500 megabits pa sekondi (500 Mbit/s) ya bandwidth imodzi yolumikizirana.
Imagwiritsa ntchito ndikukulitsa lingaliro la mawonekedwe a mpweya lochokera ku 802.11n, kuphatikiza: bandwidth yokulirapo ya RF (mpaka 160 MHz), mitsinje yambiri ya MIMO (yowonjezeka kufika 8), MU-MIMO, Ndi kuchotsedwa kwa density (modulation, mpaka 256QAM). Ndi njira yolowa m'malo mwa IEEE 802.11n.
IEEE 802.11ax
Mu 2017, Broadcom inatsogolera pakuyambitsa chip yopanda zingwe ya 802.11ax. Chifukwa 802.11ad yam'mbuyomu inali makamaka mu band ya 60GHz, ngakhale liwiro la kutumiza linawonjezeka, kufalikira kwake kunali kochepa, ndipo idakhala ukadaulo wogwira ntchito womwe unathandiza 802.11ac. Malinga ndi pulojekiti yovomerezeka ya IEEE, Wi-Fi ya m'badwo wachisanu ndi chimodzi yomwe imalandira 802.11ac ndi 802.11ax, ndipo chipangizo chothandizira kugawana chayambitsidwa kuyambira 2018.
Kusiyana pakati pa 2.4GHz ndi 5GHz
Mbadwo woyamba wa muyezo wa IEEE 802.11 wopanda zingwe unabadwa mu 1997, kotero zida zamagetsi zambiri nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ma frequency opanda zingwe a 2.4GHz, monga ma uvuni a microwave, zida za Bluetooth, ndi zina zotero, zimasokoneza Wi-FI ya 2.4GHz, kotero chizindikirocho chimakhudzidwa pamlingo winawake, monga msewu wokhala ndi magaleta okokedwa ndi akavalo, njinga ndi magalimoto omwe akuyenda nthawi imodzi, ndipo liwiro la magalimoto limakhudzidwa mwachilengedwe.
WiFi ya 5GHz imagwiritsa ntchito bandeji yowonjezereka kuti ichepetse kuchulukana kwa ma channel. Imagwiritsa ntchito njira 22 ndipo sisokonezana. Poyerekeza ndi njira zitatu za 2.4GHz, imachepetsa kwambiri kuchulukana kwa ma signal. Chifukwa chake liwiro la kutumiza ma 5GHz ndi 5GHz mwachangu kuposa 2.4GHz.
Bandi ya 5GHz Wi-Fi yogwiritsa ntchito protocol ya m'badwo wachisanu ya 802.11ac imatha kufika pa liwiro la kutumiza la 433Mbps pansi pa bandwidth ya 80MHz, ndi liwiro la kutumiza la 866Mbps pansi pa bandwidth ya 160MHz, poyerekeza ndi liwiro la kutumiza la 2.4GHz la liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri la 300Mbps Lakhala labwino kwambiri.
5GHz Yopanda Chopinga
Komabe, Wi-Fi ya 5GHz ilinso ndi zofooka zake. Zofooka zake zili pa mtunda wa magiya ndi kuthekera kodutsa zopinga.
Popeza Wi-Fi ndi mafunde amagetsi, njira yake yayikulu yofalitsira ndi kufalikira kwa mzere wowongoka. Ikakumana ndi zopinga, imapanga kulowa, kuwunikira, kufalikira ndi zochitika zina. Pakati pawo, kulowa ndiye kwakukulu, ndipo gawo laling'ono la chizindikiro lidzachitika. Kuwunikira ndi kufalikira. Makhalidwe akuthupi a mafunde a wailesi ndi akuti kuchuluka kwa mafunde kukakhala kochepa, kutalika kwa mafunde kumakhala kochepa, kutayika kwake kumakhala kochepa panthawi yofalikira, kufalikira kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo kumakhala kosavuta kudutsa zopinga; kuchuluka kwa mafunde kumakhala kwakukulu, kufalikira kumakhala kochepa ndipo kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Yendani mozungulira zopinga.
Chifukwa chake, chizindikiro cha 5G chokhala ndi ma frequency apamwamba komanso mafunde afupiafupi chili ndi malo ochepa ophimbira, ndipo kuthekera kodutsa zopinga sikwabwino ngati 2.4GHz.
Ponena za mtunda wotumizira mauthenga, Wi-Fi ya 2.4GHz imatha kufikira kutalika kwa mamita 70 mkati, ndipo imatha kufikira mamita 250 kunja. Ndipo Wi-Fi ya 5GHz imatha kufikira kutalika kwa mamita 35 mkati.
Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa kufananiza kwa zomwe Ekahau Site Survey yachita pakati pa ma frequency band a 2.4 GHz ndi 5 GHz kwa wopanga ma virtual. Chobiriwira chakuda kwambiri mwa ma simulation awiriwa chikuyimira liwiro la 150 Mbps. Chofiira mu simulation ya 2.4 GHz chikuwonetsa liwiro la 1 Mbps, ndipo chofiira mu 5 GHz chikuwonetsa liwiro la 6 Mbps. Monga mukuonera, kufalikira kwa ma AP a 2.4 GHz ndikokulirapo pang'ono, koma liwiro lomwe lili m'mphepete mwa kufalikira kwa 5 GHz ndi lachangu.
Ma 5 GHz ndi 2.4 GHz ndi ma frequency osiyanasiyana, omwe ali ndi ubwino pa ma netiweki a Wi-Fi, ndipo ubwino uwu ungadalire momwe mumakonzera netiweki - makamaka poganizira za kuchuluka ndi zopinga (makoma, ndi zina zotero) zomwe chizindikirocho chingafunikire kuphimba. Kodi ndi zochuluka kwambiri?
Ngati mukufuna kuphimba malo akuluakulu kapena kukhala ndi malo olowera kwambiri m'makoma, 2.4 GHz idzakhala yabwinoko. Komabe, popanda zoletsa izi, 5 GHz ndi njira yachangu. Tikaphatikiza zabwino ndi zoyipa za ma frequency band awiriwa ndikuziphatikiza kukhala imodzi, pogwiritsa ntchito malo olowera a ma frequency awiri poika ma wireless, titha kuwirikiza kawiri bandwidth ya opanda zingwe, kuchepetsa kusokoneza, ndikusangalala ndi netiweki yabwino ya Wi-Fi yonse.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-09-2021