Nke mbụ, anyị ga-eme ka o doo anya na nzikọrịta ozi 5G abụghị otu Wi-Fi 5Ghz anyị ga-ekwu maka ya taa.Nzikọrịta 5G bụ n'ezie mbiri nke netwọkụ mkpanaka nke ọgbọ nke ise, nke na-ezo aka na teknụzụ nkwukọrịta ekwentị mkpanaka.Na 5G anyị ebe a na-ezo aka na 5GHz na ọkọlọtọ WiFi, nke na-ezo aka na mgbama WiFi nke na-eji bandwit 5GHz na-ebufe data.
Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ngwaọrụ Wi-Fi niile dị n'ahịa ugbu a na-akwado 2.4 GHz, na ngwaọrụ ndị ka mma nwere ike ịkwado abụọ, ya bụ 2.4 GHz na 5 GHz.A na-akpọ ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala brọdband dị otú ahụ ndị na-anya ikuku ikuku dual-band.
Ka anyị kwuo maka 2.4GHz na 5GHz na netwọk Wi-Fi dị n'okpuru.
Mmepe nke teknụzụ Wi-Fi nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke afọ 20, site na ọgbọ mbụ nke 802.11b ruo 802.11g, 802.11a, 802.11n, na ruo ugbu a 802.11ax (WiFi6).
Ọkọlọtọ Wi-Fi
WiFi ikuku bụ naanị mbiri.Ha bụ akụkụ nke ọkọlọtọ netwọk mpaghara ikuku 802.11.Kemgbe a mụrụ ya na 1997, e mepụtala ihe karịrị ụdị 35 dị iche iche.N'ime ha, 802.11a/b/g/n/ac ewepụtala ụdị isii tozuru oke.
IEEE 802.11a
IEEE 802.11a bụ ọkọlọtọ edegharịrị nke ọkọlọtọ 802.11 mbụ wee kwado ya na 1999. Ụkpụrụ 802.11a na-eji otu isi ụkpụrụ dị ka ọkọlọtọ mbụ.Ugboro ugboro na-arụ ọrụ bụ 5GHz, 52 orthogonal ugboro nkewa multiplexing subcarriers na-eji, na kacha raw data nnyefe ọnụego bụ 54Mb/s, nke na-enweta ọkara nkebi nke netwọk n'ezie.(20Mb/s) chọrọ.
N'ihi ụda ugboro ugboro 2.4G na-ejupụta mmadụ, iji eriri ugboro 5G bụ nkwalite dị mkpa nke 802.11a.Otú ọ dị, ọ na-ewetakwa nsogbu.Ogologo nnyefe adịghị mma dịka 802.11b/g;na tiori, akara ngosi 5G dị mfe igbochi ma tinye ya na mgbidi, ya mere mkpuchi nke 802.11a adịghị mma dị ka 801.11b.Enwere ike itinye aka na 802.11a, mana n'ihi na enweghị ọtụtụ akara nnyonye anya dị nso, 802.11a na-enwekarị nsonaazụ kacha mma.
IEEE 802.11b
IEEE 802.11b bụ ọkọlọtọ maka netwọk mpaghara ikuku.Ugboro ole na-ebu bu 2.4GHz, nke nwere ike ịnye ọtụtụ ọsọ ọsọ nke 1, 2, 5.5 na 11Mbit/s.Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-akpọ ya Wi-Fi na-ezighi ezi.N'ezie, Wi-Fi bụ ụghalaahịa nke Wi-Fi Alliance.Akara ụghalaahịa a na-ekwe nkwa na ngwa ahịa na-eji ụghalaahịa nwere ike imekọ ihe ọnụ, na enweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na ọkọlọtọ n'onwe ya.Na 2.4-GHz ISM band band, e nwere ngụkọta nke ọwa 11 nwere bandwit nke 22MHz, nke bụ 11 ugboro ugboro ugboro.Onye nọchiri anya IEEE 802.11b bụ IEEE 802.11g.
IEEE 802.11g
IEEE 802.11g gafere na July 2003. Ugboro nke onye na-ebu ya bụ 2.4GHz (otu ihe ahụ dị ka 802.11b), ngụkọta nke 14 ugboro ugboro, ọsọ mbufe mbụ bụ 54Mbit / s, na nnyefe ntanetị bụ ihe dịka 24.7Mbit / s (dị ka 802.11a).Ngwa 802.11g dakọtara na 802.11b.
Mgbe e mesịrị, ụfọdụ ndị na-emepụta rawụta ikuku mepụtara ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ dabere na ọkọlọtọ IEEE 802.11g na nzaghachi maka mkpa ahịa, ma mụbaa ọsọ nnyefe usoro na 108Mbit/s ma ọ bụ 125Mbit/s.
IEEE 802.11n
IEEE 802.11n bụ ọkọlọtọ emepụtara na ndabere nke 802.11-2007 site na otu ọrụ ọhụrụ nke IEEE guzobere na Jenụwarị 2004 ma kwadoro ya na Septemba 2009. Ụkpụrụ ahụ na-agbakwụnye nkwado maka MIMO, na-enye ohere ikuku bandwit nke 40MHz, na usoro iwu. kacha nnyefe ọsọ bụ 600Mbit/s.N'otu oge ahụ, site na iji koodu mgbochi oge ohere nke Alamouti tụrụ aro, ọkọlọtọ na-agbasawanye oke nke nnyefe data.
IEEE 802.11ac
IEEE 802.11ac bụ ọkọlọtọ nkwurịta okwu netwọọdụ kọmputa ikuku na-emepe emepe 802.11, nke na-eji bandwit 6GHz (nke a makwaara dị ka bandwit 5GHz) maka nkwukọrịta mpaghara mpaghara ikuku (WLAN).Na tiori, ọ nwere ike ịnye opekata mpe 1 Gigabit kwa nke abụọ bandwit maka nkwukọrịta mpaghara mpaghara ikuku ikuku ọtụtụ ọdụ (WLAN), ma ọ bụ opekata mpe 500 megabits kwa nkeji (500 Mbit / s) maka otu bandwidth nnyefe njikọ.
Ọ na-anakwere ma gbasaa echiche ikuku ikuku nke sitere na 802.11n, gụnyere: bandwidth RF obosara (ruo 160 MHz), ọtụtụ iyi MIMO spatial iyi (abawanye na 8), MU-MIMO , na nnukwu njupụta demodulation (modulation, ruo 256QAM). ).Ọ bụ onye nwere ike ịnọchi anya IEEE 802.11n.
IEEE 802.11ax
Na 2017, Broadcom butere ụzọ n'iwepụta mgbawa ikuku 802.11ax.N'ihi na 802.11ad gara aga bụ nke kachasị na bandwit 60GHZ, ọ bụ ezie na mgbasa ozi na-abawanye, mkpuchi ya dị oke, wee ghọọ nkà na ụzụ na-arụ ọrụ nke na-enyere 802.11ac aka.Dị ka ọrụ IEEE gọọmentị si kwuo, Wi-Fi ọgbọ nke isii nke ketara 802.11ac bụ 802.11ax, na ewepụtala ngwaọrụ nkesa na-akwado kemgbe 2018.
Ọdịiche dị n'etiti 2.4GHz na 5GHz
Ọgbọ mbụ nke ọkọlọtọ nnyefe ikuku IEEE 802.11 mụrụ na 1997, ọtụtụ ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị na-ejikarị ikuku ikuku 2.4GHz, dị ka oven microwave, ngwaọrụ Bluetooth, wdg, ha ga-etinyekwu ma ọ bụ na-erughị 2.4GHz Wi-Fi, yabụ. A na-emetụta akara ngosi ahụ ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, dịka okporo ụzọ nwere ụgbọ ịnyịnya na-adọkpụ, ịnyịnya ígwè na ụgbọ ala na-agba ọsọ n'otu oge, na-emetụta ọsọ ọsọ nke ụgbọ ala ndị ahụ.
WiFi 5GHz na-eji eriri ugboro dị elu weta obere mkpọkọ ọwa.Ọ na-eji ọwa 22 ma ọ naghị egbochi ibe ya.E jiri ya tụnyere ọwa 3 nke 2.4GHz, ọ na-ebelata mkpọtụ mgbaàmà.Ya mere ọnụego nnyefe nke 5GHz bụ 5GHz ngwa ngwa karịa 2.4GHz.
Ugboro ugboro 5GHz Wi-Fi na-eji usoro 802.11ac nke ise nke ise nwere ike iru ọsọ ọsọ nke 433Mbps n'okpuru bandwit nke 80MHz, na nnyefe ọsọ nke 866Mbps n'okpuru bandwit nke 160MHz, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 2.4GHz nnyefe ọnụego nke kacha elu. Ọnụọgụ 300Mbps ka emelitere nke ukwuu.
5GHz anaghị egbochi ya
Agbanyeghị, 5GHz Wi-Fi nwekwara adịghị ike.Mmejọ ya dị n'ebe dị anya na-ebufe na ikike ịgafe ihe mgbochi.
N'ihi na Wi-Fi bụ ebili mmiri electromagnetic, usoro mgbasa ozi ya bụ isi bụ ịgbasa ahịrị kwụ ọtọ.Mgbe ọ zutere ihe mgbochi, ọ ga-emepụta ntinye, ntụgharị uche, mgbagwoju anya na ihe ndị ọzọ.N'ime ha, ntinye bụ isi, na obere akụkụ nke mgbaàmà ga-eme.Ntughari uche na diffraction.Ihe e ji mara anụ ahụ nke ebili mmiri redio bụ na ọ na-ebelata ugboro ole, ogologo ebili mmiri na-adịru ogologo oge, na-adị ntakịrị ihe na-efunahụ mgbe a na-ekesa ya, na-agbasawanye ihe mkpuchi ahụ, na-adị mfe karị ịgafe ihe mgbochi;ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ukwuu, obere mkpuchi na-esikwu ike karị.Gagharịa ihe mgbochi.
Ya mere, akara ngosi 5G nke nwere ogologo oge dị elu na obere ebili mmiri nwere obere mkpuchi mkpuchi, na ikike ịgafe ihe mgbochi adịghị mma dị ka 2.4GHz.
N'ihe gbasara anya nnyefe, 2.4GHz Wi-Fi nwere ike iru mkpuchi kachasị nke mita 70 n'ime ụlọ, yana mkpuchi kachasị nke mita 250 n'èzí.Na 5GHz Wi-Fi nwere ike iru mkpuchi kachasị nke mita 35 n'ime ụlọ.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị n'okpuru na-egosi ntụnyere mkpuchi saịtị Ekahau n'etiti eriri ugboro 2.4 GHz na 5 GHz maka onye nrụpụta mebere.Akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ kacha gbaa ọchịchịrị nke simulations abụọ a na-anọchi anya ọsọ nke 150 Mbps.Uhie na simulation 2.4 GHz na-egosi ọsọ nke 1 Mbps, na uhie na 5 GHz na-egosi ọsọ nke 6 Mbps.Dị ka ị na-ahụ, mkpuchi nke 2.4 GHz AP dị ntakịrị karịa, mana ọsọ na nsọtụ nke mkpuchi 5 GHz na-agba ọsọ ọsọ.
5 GHz na 2.4 GHz dị iche iche ugboro ugboro, nke ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere uru maka netwọk Wi-Fi, na uru ndị a nwere ike ịdabere n'otú i si edozi netwọk-karịsịa mgbe ị na-atụle oke na ihe mgbochi (mgbidi, wdg) na mgbaàmà nwere ike ịdị mkpa. ikpuchi ọ dị oke oke?
Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ikpuchi ebe buru ibu ma ọ bụ nwee ntinye dị elu n'ime mgbidi, 2.4 GHz ga-aka mma.Agbanyeghị, na-enweghị oke ndị a, 5 GHz bụ nhọrọ ngwa ngwa.Mgbe anyị jikọtara uru na ọghọm dị na eriri ugboro abụọ a wee jikọta ha n'ime otu, site na iji oghere ọnụọgụ abụọ na ntinye ikuku, anyị nwere ike okpukpu abụọ bandwit ikuku, belata mmetụta nnyonye anya, ma nwee ọ enjoyụ gburugburu A ka mma Wi. -Fi netwọk.
Oge nzipu: Jun-09-2021