1Iphrothokholi yokuphepha kwenethiwekhi
Kumanethiwekhi angenantambo, ukubaluleka kokuphepha kwenethiwekhi akunakugcizelelwa ngokweqile. I-Wifi iyinethiwekhi engenantambo evumela amadivayisi amaningi nabasebenzisi ukuthi baxhumeke kwi-inthanethi ngendawo yokufinyelela eyodwa. I-Wifi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zomphakathi, lapho kungekho khona ukulawula okuningi ngokuthi ubani ongaxhuma kunethiwekhi. Ezakhiweni zezinkampani, ulwazi oludingekayo ludinga ukuvikelwa uma kwenzeka abaphangi abanonya bezama ukubhubhisa noma ukweba idatha.
I-Wifi 5 isekela amaphrothokholi e-WPA kanye ne-WPA2 ukuze kuxhunywe ngokuphephile. Lokhu kuyintuthuko ebalulekile yokuphepha ngaphezu kwephrothokholi ye-WEP esiphelelwe yisikhathi, kodwa manje inezinkinga eziningana kanye nobuthakathaka. Enye ingozi enjalo ukuhlasela kwesichazamazwi, lapho izigebengu ze-inthanethi zingabikezela iphasiwedi yakho ebethelwe ngemizamo eminingi kanye nokuhlanganiswa.
I-Wifi 6 ifakwe iphrothokholi yokuphepha yakamuva i-WPA3. Ngakho-ke, amadivayisi asekela i-Wifi 6 asebenzisa amaphrothokholi e-WPA, WPA2, kanye ne-WPA3 ngasikhathi sinye. Ukufinyelela Okuvikelwe yi-Wifi 3 Izinqubo zokuqinisekisa kanye nokubethela ezithuthukisiwe ze-multi-factor. Inobuchwepheshe be-OWE obuvimbela ukubethela okuzenzakalelayo, futhi ekugcineni, amakhodi e-OR askeniwayo axhunywe ngqo kudivayisi.
2Isivinini sokudlulisa idatha
Ijubane liyisici esibalulekile nesijabulisayo okufanele ubuchwepheshe obusha bubhekane naso ngaphambi kokuba bukhishwe. Ijubane libalulekile kukho konke okwenzekayo ku-inthanethi nakunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenethiwekhi. Amanani asheshayo asho izikhathi zokulanda ezimfushane, ukusakaza okungcono, ukudluliswa kwedatha okusheshayo, izingxoxo zevidiyo nezwi ezingcono, ukuphequlula okusheshayo nokuningi.
I-Wifi 5 inesivinini sokudlulisa idatha esiphezulu ngokwethiyori esingu-6.9 Gbps. Empilweni yangempela, isivinini sokudlulisa idatha esimaphakathi sezinga le-802.11ac singama-200Mbps. Izinga elisebenza ngalo izinga le-Wifi lincike ku-QAM (i-quadrature amplitude modulation) kanye nenani lamadivayisi axhunywe endaweni yokufinyelela noma i-router. I-Wifi 5 isebenzisa i-modulation engu-256-QAM, ephansi kakhulu kune-Wifi 6. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe be-Wifi 5 MU-MIMO buvumela ukuxhumana ngasikhathi sinye kwamadivayisi amane. Amadivayisi amaningi asho ukuminyana kanye nokwabelana nge-bandwidth, okuholela ekusheshiseni okuhamba kancane kwedivayisi ngayinye.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-Wifi 6 iyisinqumo esingcono maqondana nesivinini, ikakhulukazi uma inethiwekhi igcwele abantu. Isebenzisa i-modulation ye-1024-QAM ukuze kube nesilinganiso sokudlulisa esiphezulu esifinyelela ku-9.6Gbps. Isivinini se-wi-fi 5 kanye ne-wi-fi 6 asifani kakhulu kusuka kudivayisi kuya kwenye. I-Wifi 6 ihlala ishesha, kodwa inzuzo yesivinini sangempela yilapho amadivayisi amaningi exhunywe kunethiwekhi ye-Wifi. Inani eliqondile lamadivayisi axhunyiwe abangela ukwehla okukhulu kwesivinini kanye namandla e-inthanethi amadivayisi e-Wifi 5 nama-router lapho kusetshenziswa i-Wifi 6 ngeke libonwe.
3. Indlela yokwakheka kwemisebe
Ukwakha imisebe kuyindlela yokudlulisa isignali eqondisa isignali engenantambo kumuntu othize omukelayo, kunokuba isabalalise isignali isuka kolunye uhlangothi. Ngokusebenzisa i-beamforming, indawo yokufinyelela ingathumela idatha ngqo kudivayisi esikhundleni sokusakaza isignali kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Ukwakha imisebe akuyona ubuchwepheshe obusha futhi inezinhlelo zokusebenza kokubili ku-Wifi 4 naku-Wifi 5. Ezingeni le-Wifi 5, kusetshenziswa ama-antenna amane kuphela. Nokho, i-Wifi 6 isebenzisa ama-antenna ayisishiyagalombili. Uma ikhono le-Wifi router lokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokwakha imisebe lingcono, izinga ledatha kanye nobubanzi besignali bungcono.
4. Isigaba Sokufinyelela Okuningana Kwemvamisa Ye-Orthogonal (OFDMA)
I-Wifi 5 isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obubizwa ngokuthi i-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) yokulawula ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi. Kuyindlela yokulawula inani labasebenzisi abafinyelela i-subcarrier ethile ngesikhathi esithile. Ezingeni le-802.11ac, ama-band angu-20mhz, 40mhz, 80mhz kanye ne-160mhz anama-subcarrier angu-64, ama-subcarrier angu-128, ama-subcarrier angu-256 kanye nama-subcarrier angu-512 ngokulandelana. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu inani labasebenzisi abangaxhuma futhi basebenzise inethiwekhi ye-Wifi ngesikhathi esithile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Wifi 6 isebenzisa i-OFDMA (ukufinyelela okuningi kwe-orthogonal frequency division). Ubuchwepheshe be-OFDMA buhlanganisa isikhala se-subcarrier esikhona kubhendi efanayo ye-frequency. Ngokwenza lokhu, abasebenzisi akudingeki balinde emgqeni ukuze bathole i-sub-carrier yamahhala, kodwa bangayithola kalula.
I-OFDMA yabela abasebenzisi abaningi amayunithi ezinsiza ahlukene. I-OFDMA idinga ama-subcarrier amaningi ngokuphindwe kane ngemvamisa yesiteshi ngasinye kunobuchwepheshe bangaphambilini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi eziteshini ze-20mhz, 40mhz, 80mhz, kanye ne-160mhz, indinganiso ye-802.11ax inama-subcarrier angu-256, 512, 1024, kanye no-2048 ngokulandelana. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuminyana kanye nokubambezeleka, ngisho nalapho kuxhuma amadivayisi amaningi. I-OFDMA ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle futhi inciphisa ukubambezeleka, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-bandwidth ephansi.
5. Ukufakwa Kwabasebenzisi Abaningi Okukhiphayo Okuningi (MU-MIMO)
I-MU MIMO imele “abasebenzisi abaningi, okufakwayo okuningi, okukhiphayo okuningi”. Ubuchwepheshe obungenantambo obuvumela abasebenzisi abaningi ukuxhumana ne-router ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kusukela ku-Wifi 5 kuya ku-Wifi 6, amandla e-MU MIMO ahluke kakhulu.
I-Wifi 5 isebenzisa i-downlink, indlela eyodwa engu-4×4 MU-MIMO. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abasebenzisi abaningi abanemikhawulo ethile bangafinyelela i-router kanye nokuxhumeka kwe-Wifi okuzinzile. Uma umkhawulo wokudluliselwa okungu-4 ngasikhathi sinye usudluliwe, i-Wifi iyaminyana futhi iqala ukubonisa izimpawu zokuminyana, njengokwanda kokubambezeleka, ukulahleka kwephakethe, njll.
I-Wifi 6 isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-MU MIMO obungu-8×8. Lokhu kungaphatha amadivayisi afinyelela kwangu-8 axhunyiwe kanye nokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwe-LAN engenantambo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Okungcono nakakhulu, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Wifi 6 MU MIMO kuqondiswa kabili, okusho ukuthi ama-peripheral angaxhuma ku-router kuma-frequency band amaningi. Lokhu kusho ikhono elithuthukisiwe lokulayisha ulwazi kwi-inthanethi, phakathi kokunye ukusetshenziswa.
6. Amabhendi Okuvama
Umehluko owodwa osobala phakathi kwe-Wifi 5 ne-Wifi 6 amabhendi emvamisa alawa matheknoloji amabili. I-Wifi 5 isebenzisa kuphela ibhendi ye-5GHz futhi ayinazo iziphazamiso eziningi. Ububi ukuthi ububanzi besiginali bufushane futhi ikhono lokungena ezindongeni nakwezinye izithiyo liyancipha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Wifi 6 isebenzisa amaza amabili ebhendi, i-2.4Ghz ejwayelekile kanye ne-5Ghz. Ku-Wifi 6e, abathuthukisi bazongeza ibhendi ye-6ghz emndenini we-Wifi 6. I-Wifi 6 isebenzisa amabhendi we-2.4Ghz kanye ne-5Ghz, okusho ukuthi amadivayisi angaskena ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi asebenzise leli bhendi ngokuphazamiseka okuncane kanye nokusebenza okungcono. Ngale ndlela, abasebenzisi bathola okungcono kakhulu kuwo womabili amanethiwekhi, ngesivinini esisheshayo ebangeni eliseduze kanye nebanga elibanzi lapho izinto ezisetshenziswayo zingekho endaweni efanayo.
7. Ukutholakala kombala we-BSS
Umbala we-BSS ungenye isici se-Wifi 6 esihlukanisa nezizukulwane ezedlule. Lesi isici esisha se-Wifi 6 standard. I-BSS, noma isethi yesevisi eyisisekelo, ngokwayo iyisici sayo yonke inethiwekhi ye-802.11. Kodwa-ke, i-Wifi 6 kanye nezizukulwane ezizayo kuphela ezizokwazi ukuqonda imibala ye-BSS kwamanye amadivayisi zisebenzisa izihlonzi zombala ze-BSS. Lesi sici sibalulekile ngoba sisiza ukuvimbela amasignali ukuthi angahlangani.
8. Umehluko wesikhathi sokufukamela
Ukubambezeleka kubhekisela ekubambezelekeni kokudluliselwa kwamaphakethe kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye. Isivinini sokubambezeleka esiphansi esiseduze no-zero singcono kakhulu, okubonisa ukubambezeleka okuncane noma okungekho nhlobo. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Wifi 5, i-Wifi 6 ine-latency emfushane, okwenza ifaneleke kakhulu ezinhlanganweni zebhizinisi nezebhizinisi. Abasebenzisi basekhaya bazophinde bathande lesi sici kumamodeli e-Wifi akamuva, njengoba kusho ukuthi i-In esheshayo.uxhumano lwe-inthanethi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-10-2024