1Ndondomeko yachitetezo cha netiweki
Mu ma network opanda zingwe, kufunika kwa chitetezo cha ma network sikungaganiziridwe mopitirira muyeso. Wifi ndi ma network opanda zingwe omwe amalola zipangizo zambiri ndi ogwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana ndi intaneti kudzera pamalo amodzi olowera. Wifi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri, komwe kuli kuwongolera kochepa kwa omwe angalumikizane ndi ma network. M'nyumba zamakampani, chidziwitso chofunikira chiyenera kutetezedwa ngati akuba oipa ayesa kuwononga kapena kuba deta.
Wifi 5 imathandizira ma protocol a WPA ndi WPA2 kuti pakhale kulumikizana kotetezeka. Izi ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa chitetezo poyerekeza ndi protocol ya WEP yomwe yakhalapo kale, koma tsopano ili ndi zovuta ndi zofooka zingapo. Chimodzi mwa zovuta zotere ndi kuukira kwa dictionary, komwe zigawenga za pa intaneti zimatha kulosera mawu achinsinsi anu obisika ndi kuyesa ndi kuphatikiza kangapo.
Wifi 6 ili ndi protocol yaposachedwa yachitetezo ya WPA3. Chifukwa chake, zida zomwe zimathandizira Wifi 6 zimagwiritsa ntchito ma protocol a WPA, WPA2, ndi WPA3 nthawi imodzi. Wifi Protected Access 3 Njira zowongolera zotsimikizira ndi kubisa zinthu zambiri. Ili ndi ukadaulo wa OWE womwe umaletsa kubisa zinthu zokha, ndipo pomaliza, ma code a OR omwe amatha kusinthidwa amalumikizidwa mwachindunji ku chipangizocho.
2Liwiro lotumizira deta
Liwiro ndi chinthu chofunikira komanso chosangalatsa chomwe ukadaulo watsopano uyenera kuthana nacho usanatulutsidwe. Liwiro ndi lofunika kwambiri pa chilichonse chomwe chimachitika pa intaneti komanso pa intaneti iliyonse. Mitengo yofulumira imatanthauza nthawi yochepa yotsitsa, kutsitsa bwino, kutumiza deta mwachangu, makanema abwino ndi misonkhano yamawu, kusakatula mwachangu ndi zina zambiri.
Wifi 5 ili ndi liwiro lalikulu kwambiri losamutsa deta la 6.9 Gbps. M'moyo weniweni, liwiro lapakati losamutsa deta la muyezo wa 802.11ac ndi pafupifupi 200Mbps. Kuthamanga komwe muyezo wa Wifi umagwira ntchito kumadalira QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) ndi chiwerengero cha zipangizo zolumikizidwa ku malo olowera kapena rauta. Wifi 5 imagwiritsa ntchito 256-QAM modulation, yomwe ndi yotsika kwambiri kuposa Wifi 6. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wa Wifi 5 MU-MIMO umalola kulumikizana kwa zipangizo zinayi nthawi imodzi. Zipangizo zambiri zimatanthauza kuchulukana ndi kugawana bandwidth, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti liwiro la chipangizo chilichonse likhale locheperako.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, Wifi 6 ndi yabwino kwambiri pankhani ya liwiro, makamaka ngati netiweki ili yodzaza. Imagwiritsa ntchito 1024-QAM modulation kuti ipereke liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri mpaka 9.6Gbps. Liwiro la wi-fi 5 ndi wi-fi 6 silisiyana kwambiri kuchokera pa chipangizo china kupita china. Wifi 6 nthawi zonse imakhala yachangu, koma ubwino weniweni wa liwiro ndi pamene zipangizo zingapo zalumikizidwa ku netiweki ya Wifi. Chiwerengero chenicheni cha zipangizo zolumikizidwa zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa liwiro ndi mphamvu ya intaneti ya zipangizo za Wifi 5 ndi ma rauta pogwiritsa ntchito Wifi 6 sichidzadziwika.
3. Njira yopangira matabwa
Kupanga ma beam ndi njira yotumizira ma signal yomwe imatsogolera ma signal opanda zingwe kupita ku receiver inayake, m'malo mofalitsa ma signal kuchokera mbali ina. Pogwiritsa ntchito beamforming, malo olowera amatha kutumiza deta mwachindunji ku chipangizocho m'malo mofalitsa ma signal mbali zonse. Kupanga ma beam si ukadaulo watsopano ndipo uli ndi mapulogalamu mu Wifi 4 ndi Wifi 5. Mu Wifi 5 standard, ma antenna anayi okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, Wifi 6 imagwiritsa ntchito ma antenna asanu ndi atatu. Wifi rauta ikagwiritsa ntchito bwino ukadaulo wopanga ma beam, kuchuluka kwa data ndi kuchuluka kwa ma signal kumakhala bwino.
4. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)
Wifi 5 imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wotchedwa orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) powongolera mwayi wofikira pa netiweki. Ndi njira yowongolera kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amalowa mu subcarrier inayake panthawi inayake. Mu muyezo wa 802.11ac, magulu a 20mhz, 40mhz, 80mhz ndi 160mhz ali ndi ma subcarrier 64, ma subcarrier 128, ma subcarrier 256 ndi ma subcarrier 512 motsatana. Izi zimalepheretsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe angalumikizane ndikugwiritsa ntchito netiweki ya Wifi panthawi inayake.
Kumbali inayi, Wifi 6 imagwiritsa ntchito OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access). Ukadaulo wa OFDMA umawonjezera malo omwe alipo a subcarrier mu frequency band yomweyo. Pochita izi, ogwiritsa ntchito sayenera kudikira pamzere kuti apeze sub-carrier yaulere, koma amatha kupeza imodzi mosavuta.
OFDMA imagawa mayunitsi osiyanasiyana azinthu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito angapo. OFDMA imafuna ma subcarriers ochulukitsa kanayi kuposa ma channel frequency onse kuposa matekinoloje am'mbuyomu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mu ma channel a 20mhz, 40mhz, 80mhz, ndi 160mhz, muyezo wa 802.11ax uli ndi ma subcarriers 256, 512, 1024, ndi 2048 motsatana. Izi zimachepetsa kutsekeka ndi kuchedwa, ngakhale polumikiza zida zingapo. OFDMA imapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito azigwira bwino ntchito ndipo imachepetsa kuchedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma bandwidth ochepa.
5. Ogwiritsa Ntchito Ambiri Olowetsa Zambiri Zotulutsa Zambiri (MU-MIMO)
MU MIMO imayimira "ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri, zolowetsa zambiri, zotulutsa zambiri". Ndi ukadaulo wopanda zingwe womwe umalola ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri kulankhulana ndi rauta nthawi imodzi. Kuyambira Wifi 5 mpaka Wifi 6, mphamvu ya MU MIMO ndi yosiyana kwambiri.
Wifi 5 imagwiritsa ntchito downlink, njira imodzi ya 4×4 MU-MIMO. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri omwe ali ndi zoletsa zinazake amatha kulowa mu rauta ndi kulumikizana kwa Wifi kokhazikika. Mukadutsa malire a ma transmissions anayi nthawi imodzi, Wifi imakhala yodzaza ndipo imayamba kuwonetsa zizindikiro za kutsekeka, monga kuchedwa kwambiri, kutayika kwa paketi, ndi zina zotero.
Wifi 6 imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa 8×8 MU MIMO. Izi zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo 8 zolumikizidwa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito LAN yopanda zingwe popanda kusokonezedwa kulikonse. Chabwino kwambiri, kukweza kwa Wifi 6 MU MIMO kuli ndi mbali ziwiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zolumikizira zimatha kulumikizana ndi rauta pa ma frequency band angapo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali kuthekera kokweza kukweza chidziwitso pa intaneti, pakati pa ntchito zina.
6. Mabatani Ozungulira Ma Frequency
Kusiyana koonekeratu pakati pa Wifi 5 ndi Wifi 6 ndi kuchuluka kwa ma frequency band a matekinoloje awiriwa. Wifi 5 imagwiritsa ntchito band ya 5GHz yokha ndipo ili ndi zosokoneza zochepa. Vuto lake ndilakuti ma signali ndi afupiafupi ndipo kuthekera kolowera m'makoma ndi zopinga zina kumachepa.
Kumbali inayi, Wifi 6 imagwiritsa ntchito ma band frequency awiri, 2.4Ghz ndi 5Ghz wamba. Mu Wifi 6e, opanga mapulogalamuwa adzawonjezera band ya 6ghz ku banja la Wifi 6. Wifi 6 imagwiritsa ntchito ma band onse a 2.4Ghz ndi 5Ghz, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zipangizo zimatha kusanthula ndikugwiritsa ntchito band iyi popanda kusokoneza kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino. Mwanjira imeneyi, ogwiritsa ntchito amapeza zabwino kwambiri pa ma network onse awiri, ndi liwiro lachangu pafupi komanso patali kwambiri pamene zolumikizira sizili pamalo amodzi.
7. Kupezeka kwa utoto wa BSS
Utoto wa BSS ndi chinthu china cha Wifi 6 chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi mibadwo yakale. Ichi ndi chinthu chatsopano cha muyezo wa Wifi 6. BSS, kapena seti yoyambira yautumiki, ndi chinthu chomwe chimapezeka pa netiweki iliyonse ya 802.11. Komabe, Wifi 6 ndi mibadwo yotsatira yokha ndi yomwe idzatha kuzindikira mitundu ya BSS kuchokera kuzipangizo zina pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za mtundu wa BSS. Chinthuchi n'chofunika kwambiri chifukwa chimathandiza kupewa kuti zizindikiro zisalumikizane.
8. Kusiyana kwa nthawi yoberekera
Kuchedwa kumatanthauza kuchedwa kwa kutumiza mapaketi kuchokera pamalo amodzi kupita kwina. Kuthamanga kochepa kochedwa pafupi ndi zero ndikoyenera, kusonyeza kuchedwa pang'ono kapena ayi. Poyerekeza ndi Wifi 5, Wifi 6 ili ndi kuchedwa kwakanthawi kochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera mabizinesi ndi mabungwe amakampani. Ogwiritsa ntchito kunyumba adzakondanso izi pa mitundu yaposachedwa ya Wifi, chifukwa zikutanthauza kuti intaneti ikhala yofulumira kwambiri.kulumikizana kwa intaneti.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-10-2024