1Iprotokholi yokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi
Kwiinethiwekhi ezingenazingcingo, ukubaluleka kokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi akunakugxininiswa kakhulu. I-Wifi yinethiwekhi engenazingcingo evumela izixhobo ezininzi kunye nabasebenzisi ukuba baqhagamshelane kwi-Intanethi ngendawo enye yokufikelela. I-Wifi ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, apho kungekho lawulo luninzi malunga nokuba ngubani onokuqhagamshela kwinethiwekhi. Kwizakhiwo zeenkampani, ulwazi oluyimfuneko kufuneka lukhuselwe xa abaphangi abanobungozi bezama ukutshabalalisa okanye ukuba idatha.
I-Wifi 5 ixhasa iiprotokholi ze-WPA kunye ne-WPA2 zonxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo. Ezi ziphuculo ezibalulekileyo zokhuseleko ngaphezu kweprotokholi ye-WEP esele iphelelwe lixesha, kodwa ngoku ineengxaki ezininzi kunye nobuthathaka. Enye yezo ngxaki kukuhlaselwa kwesichazi-magama, apho izigebenga ze-intanethi zinokuqikelela igama lakho eliyimfihlo elifihliweyo ngemizamo emininzi kunye nokudibanisa.
I-Wifi 6 ixhotyiswe ngeprotocol yokhuseleko yamva nje ye-WPA3. Ke ngoko, izixhobo ezixhasa i-Wifi 6 zisebenzisa iiprotocol ze-WPA, WPA2, kunye ne-WPA3 ngaxeshanye. Ukufikelela okuKhuselweyo kwe-Wifi 3 Iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa kunye nokubethela eziphuculweyo ze-multi-factor. Inetekhnoloji ye-OWE ethintela ukubethela ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye ekugqibeleni, iikhowudi ze-OR ezinokuskenwa ziqhagamshelwe ngqo kwisixhobo.
2Isantya sokudlulisela idatha
Isantya luphawu olubalulekileyo nolunomdla ekufuneka lujongwane nobuchwepheshe obutsha ngaphambi kokuba bukhutshwe. Isantya sibaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke into eyenzekayo kwi-Intanethi nakulo naluphi na uhlobo lwenethiwekhi. Amanani akhawulezayo athetha amaxesha amafutshane okukhuphela, ukusasaza okungcono, ukudluliselwa kwedatha ngokukhawuleza, iingxoxo zevidiyo nelizwi ezingcono, ukukhangela ngokukhawuleza nokunye okuninzi.
I-Wifi 5 inesantya esiphezulu sokudlulisa idatha esiyi-6.9 Gbps. Ebomini bokwenyani, isantya sokudlulisa idatha esiqhelekileyo somgangatho we-802.11ac simalunga ne-200Mbps. Isantya esisebenza ngaso umgangatho we-Wifi sixhomekeke kwi-QAM (i-quadrature amplitude modulation) kunye nenani lezixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kwindawo yokufikelela okanye kwi-router. I-Wifi 5 isebenzisa i-256-QAM modulation, ephantsi kakhulu kune-Wifi 6. Ukongeza, itekhnoloji ye-Wifi 5 MU-MIMO ivumela uqhagamshelo ngaxeshanye lwezixhobo ezine. Izixhobo ezininzi zithetha ukuxinana kunye nokwabelana nge-bandwidth, okubangela isantya esicothayo kwisixhobo ngasinye.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-Wifi 6 yeyona ndlela ingcono xa kujongwa isantya, ingakumbi ukuba inethiwekhi ixinene. Isebenzisa i-1024-QAM modulation ukuze ifikelele kwi-9.6Gbps. Isantya se-wi-fi 5 kunye ne-wi-fi 6 azifani kakhulu kwisixhobo ngasinye. I-Wifi 6 isoloko ikhawuleza, kodwa inzuzo yesantya kukuba xa izixhobo ezininzi ziqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi ye-Wifi. Inani elichanekileyo lezixhobo eziqhagamshelweyo ezibangela ukwehla okukhulu kwisantya kunye namandla e-intanethi yezixhobo ze-Wifi 5 kunye nee-routers xa usebenzisa i-Wifi 6 alizukubonwa.
3. Indlela yokwenza umqadi
Ukwenziwa kwemitha ye-beam yindlela yokudlulisa isignali eqondisa isignali engenazingcingo kwi-receiver ethile, endaweni yokusasaza isignali ukusuka kwicala elahlukileyo. Ukusebenzisa i-beamforming, indawo yokufikelela ingathumela idatha ngqo kwisixhobo endaweni yokusasaza isignali kuzo zonke iindlela. Ukwenziwa kwemitha ye-beam asiyoteknoloji intsha kwaye inezicelo kwi-Wifi 4 nakwi-Wifi 5. Kumgangatho we-Wifi 5, kusetyenziswa ii-antenna ezine kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, i-Wifi 6 isebenzisa ii-antenna ezisibhozo. Okukhona i-Wifi router ikwazi ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yokwenza imitha ye-beam, kokukhona isantya sedatha kunye nobubanzi besignali bungcono.
4. Ulwahlulo lweeFrequency ze-Orthogonal (OFDMA)
I-Wifi 5 isebenzisa iteknoloji ebizwa ngokuba yi-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) yokulawula ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi. Yindlela yokulawula inani labasebenzisi abafikelela kwi-subcarrier ethile ngexesha elithile. Kwimigangatho ye-802.11ac, iibhendi ze-20mhz, 40mhz, 80mhz kunye ne-160mhz zine-subcarriers ezingama-64, ii-subcarriers ezili-128, ii-subcarriers ezingama-256 kunye nee-subcarriers ezingama-512 ngokwahlukeneyo. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu inani labasebenzisi abanokunxibelelana kwaye basebenzise inethiwekhi ye-Wifi ngexesha elithile.
I-Wifi 6, kwelinye icala, isebenzisa i-OFDMA (i-orthogonal frequency division multiple access). Itekhnoloji ye-OFDMA idibanisa indawo ekhoyo ye-subcarrier kwibhendi efanayo ye-frequency. Ngokwenza oku, abasebenzisi akufuneki balinde emgceni ukuze bafumane i-sub-carrier yasimahla, kodwa banokuyifumana ngokulula.
I-OFDMA yabela abasebenzisi abaninzi izixhobo ezahlukeneyo. I-OFDMA ifuna ii-subcarriers eziphindwe kane nge-channel frequency kuneteknoloji zangaphambili. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwiitshaneli ze-20mhz, 40mhz, 80mhz, kunye ne-160mhz, umgangatho we-802.11ax une-subcarriers ezingama-256, 512, 1024, kunye ne-2048 ngokwahlukeneyo. Oku kunciphisa ukuxinana kunye nokubambezeleka, nokuba kuqhagamshelwa izixhobo ezininzi. I-OFDMA iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye inciphisa ukubambezeleka, okwenza ukuba ilungele imisebenzi ye-bandwidth ephantsi.
5. Imveliso eNinzi yabasebenzisi abaninzi (MU-MIMO)
I-MU MIMO imele "abasebenzisi abaninzi, ukufaka okuninzi, ukuphuma okuninzi". Yiteknoloji engenazingcingo evumela abasebenzisi abaninzi ukuba banxibelelane ne-router ngaxeshanye. Ukusuka kwi-Wifi 5 ukuya kwi-Wifi 6, amandla e-MU MIMO ahluke kakhulu.
I-Wifi 5 isebenzisa i-downlink, indlela enye eyi-4×4 MU-MIMO. Oku kuthetha ukuba abasebenzisi abaninzi abanemida ethile banokufikelela kwi-router kunye noqhagamshelo lwe-Wifi oluzinzileyo. Nje ukuba umda wee-transmissions ezine ngaxeshanye udlule, i-Wifi iyaxinana kwaye iqala ukubonisa iimpawu zokuxinana, njengokwanda kokulibaziseka, ukulahleka kwepakethi, njl.njl.
I-Wifi 6 isebenzisa iteknoloji ye-8×8 MU MIMO. Oku kunokusingatha ukuya kuthi ga kwizixhobo ezi-8 eziqhagamshelweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwe-LAN engenazingcingo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Okungcono nangakumbi, ukuphuculwa kwe-Wifi 6 MU MIMO kumacala omabini, oko kuthetha ukuba ii-peripherals zinokuqhagamshela kwi-router kwiibhendi ezininzi ze-frequency. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho amandla aphuculweyo okulayisha ulwazi kwi-Intanethi, phakathi kwezinye iindlela.
6. Iibhendi zeFrequency
Umahluko omnye ocacileyo phakathi kweWifi 5 kunye neWifi 6 ziibhendi zefrikhwensi zezi teknoloji zimbini. IWifi 5 isebenzisa kuphela ibhendi ye-5GHz kwaye ayinaziphazamiso zingako. Ingxaki kukuba uluhlu lwesignali lufutshane kwaye amandla okungena eludongeni nakwezinye izithintelo anciphile.
I-Wifi 6, kwelinye icala, isebenzisa ii-band frequencies ezimbini, i-2.4Ghz eqhelekileyo kunye ne-5Ghz. Kwi-Wifi 6e, abaphuhlisi baya kongeza ibhendi ye-6ghz kusapho lwe-Wifi 6. I-Wifi 6 isebenzisa zombini ii-band ze-2.4Ghz kunye ne-5Ghz, oko kuthetha ukuba izixhobo zinokuskena ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye zisebenzise le bhendi ngokuphazamiseka okuncinci kunye nokusebenza okungcono. Ngale ndlela, abasebenzisi bafumana eyona nto ilungileyo kuzo zombini iinethiwekhi, ngesantya esikhawulezayo kuluhlu olusondeleyo kunye noluhlu olubanzi xa izixhobo ezikwindawo enye zingekho kwindawo enye.
7. Ukufumaneka kombala we-BSS
Umbala we-BSS lolunye uphawu lwe-Wifi 6 oluyenza yahluke kwizizukulwana zangaphambili. Olu luphawu olutsha lomgangatho we-Wifi 6. I-BSS, okanye iseti yenkonzo esisiseko, ngokwayo luphawu lwenethiwekhi nganye ye-802.11. Nangona kunjalo, yi-Wifi 6 kuphela kunye nezizukulwana ezizayo eziya kukwazi ukuqonda imibala ye-BSS kwezinye izixhobo zisebenzisa izihlonzi zombala ze-BSS. Olu phawu lubalulekile kuba lunceda ukuthintela ukungqubana kwemiqondiso.
8. Umahluko wexesha lokufukama
Ubambelelo lubhekisa ekulibazisekeni kokudluliselwa kweepakethi ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye. Isantya esiphantsi sokulibaziseka esisondele kwi-zero silungile, nto leyo ebonisa ukulibaziseka okuncinci okanye okungekhoyo. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-Wifi 5, i-Wifi 6 ine-latency emfutshane, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ilungele amashishini kunye nemibutho yamashishini. Abasebenzisi basekhaya baya kuyithanda le nto kwiimodeli zamva nje ze-Wifi, njengoko kuthetha ukuba i-In ikhawuleza.uqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-10-2024