1Cov txheej txheem kev ruaj ntseg hauv network
Hauv cov tes hauj lwm wireless, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ntawm network tsis tuaj yeem raug hais ntau dhau. Wifi yog lub network wireless uas tso cai rau ntau lub cuab yeej thiab cov neeg siv txuas rau Is Taws Nem los ntawm ib qho chaw nkag. Wifi kuj tseem siv ntau hauv cov chaw pej xeem, qhov twg muaj kev tswj hwm tsawg dua ntawm leej twg tuaj yeem txuas rau lub network. Hauv cov tsev lag luam, cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv yog tias cov neeg ua phem hackers sim rhuav tshem lossis nyiag cov ntaub ntawv.
Wifi 5 txhawb nqa WPA thiab WPA2 protocols rau kev sib txuas ruaj ntseg. Cov no yog cov kev txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg tseem ceeb dua li WEP protocol uas tsis ntev los no, tab sis tam sim no nws muaj ntau qhov tsis muaj zog thiab qhov tsis muaj zog. Ib qho ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog no yog kev tawm tsam phau ntawv txhais lus, qhov twg cov neeg ua txhaum cai cyber tuaj yeem kwv yees koj tus password encrypted nrog ntau zaus sim thiab ua ke.
Wifi 6 muaj cov txheej txheem kev ruaj ntseg tshiab tshaj plaws WPA3. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv uas txhawb nqa Wifi 6 siv cov txheej txheem WPA, WPA2, thiab WPA3 tib lub sijhawm. Wifi Protected Access 3 Txhim kho ntau yam kev lees paub thiab cov txheej txheem encryption. Nws muaj OWE thev naus laus zis uas tiv thaiv kev encryption tsis siv neeg, thiab thaum kawg, scannable OR codes txuas ncaj qha rau lub cuab yeej.
2. Kev ceev ntawm kev xa cov ntaub ntawv
Kev ceev yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab zoo siab uas cov thev naus laus zis tshiab yuav tsum tau kho ua ntej lawv thiaj li tso tawm tau. Kev ceev yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua yam uas tshwm sim hauv Is Taws Nem thiab txhua hom network. Cov nqi ceev dua txhais tau tias lub sijhawm rub tawm luv dua, kev tshaj tawm zoo dua, kev xa cov ntaub ntawv sai dua, kev sib tham video thiab lub suab zoo dua, kev tshawb nrhiav sai dua thiab ntau ntxiv.
Wifi 5 muaj qhov ceev tshaj plaws ntawm kev xa cov ntaub ntawv raws li kev xav ntawm 6.9 Gbps. Hauv lub neej tiag tiag, qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev xa cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus qauv 802.11ac yog li 200Mbps. Tus nqi uas tus qauv Wifi ua haujlwm nyob ntawm QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom siv txuas nrog rau qhov chaw nkag lossis router. Wifi 5 siv 256-QAM modulation, uas qis dua Wifi 6. Tsis tas li ntawd, Wifi 5 MU-MIMO thev naus laus zis tso cai rau kev sib txuas plaub lub khoom siv tib lub sijhawm. Ntau lub khoom siv txhais tau tias muaj kev sib tsoo thiab kev sib koom bandwidth, ua rau qeeb qeeb rau txhua lub khoom siv.
Qhov sib piv, Wifi 6 yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua hauv qhov ceev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias lub network muaj neeg coob. Nws siv 1024-QAM modulation rau qhov siab tshaj plaws theoretical transmission rate txog li 9.6Gbps. Wi-Fi 5 thiab Wi-Fi 6 qhov ceev tsis txawv ntau ntawm ib lub cuab yeej mus rau ib lub cuab yeej. Wifi 6 yeej ib txwm ceev dua, tab sis qhov zoo ntawm qhov ceev tiag tiag yog thaum ntau lub cuab yeej txuas nrog Wifi network. Tus lej tseeb ntawm cov cuab yeej txuas uas ua rau qhov ceev thiab lub zog Internet ntawm Wifi 5 cov cuab yeej thiab routers poob qis thaum siv Wifi 6 yuav tsis tshua pom.
3. Txoj kev tsim cov nqaj hlau
Kev tsim beam yog ib txoj kev xa cov teeb liab uas coj cov teeb liab wireless mus rau ib lub receiver tshwj xeeb, es tsis txhob xa cov teeb liab los ntawm lwm qhov kev taw qhia. Siv beamforming, qhov chaw nkag tuaj yeem xa cov ntaub ntawv ncaj qha mus rau lub cuab yeej es tsis txhob tshaj tawm cov teeb liab mus rau txhua qhov kev taw qhia. Kev tsim beam tsis yog ib qho thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab muaj cov ntawv thov hauv ob qho tib si Wifi 4 thiab Wifi 5. Hauv tus qauv Wifi 5, tsuas yog plaub lub antennas siv. Txawm li cas los xij, Wifi 6 siv yim lub antennas. Qhov zoo dua Wifi router lub peev xwm siv cov thev naus laus zis tsim beam zoo dua, qhov zoo dua cov ntaub ntawv ceev thiab ntau yam ntawm cov teeb liab.
4. Kev Nkag Mus Rau Ntau Qhov Kev Sib Cais Ntawm Orthogonal Frequency Division (OFDMA)
Wifi 5 siv ib txoj kev siv tshuab hu ua orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) rau kev tswj kev nkag mus rau hauv network. Nws yog ib txoj kev siv los tswj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv nkag mus rau ib lub subcarrier tshwj xeeb rau ib lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb. Hauv tus qauv 802.11ac, cov bands 20mhz, 40mhz, 80mhz thiab 160mhz muaj 64 subcarriers, 128 subcarriers, 256 subcarriers thiab 512 subcarriers feem. Qhov no txwv tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv uas tuaj yeem txuas thiab siv Wifi network rau ib lub sijhawm.
Wifi 6, ntawm qhov tod tes, siv OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access). OFDMA thev naus laus zis multiplexes qhov chaw subcarrier uas twb muaj lawm hauv tib lub zaus band. Los ntawm kev ua qhov no, cov neeg siv tsis tas yuav tos hauv kab rau lub sub-carrier dawb, tab sis tuaj yeem yooj yim nrhiav tau ib qho.
OFDMA faib cov chaw muab kev pab sib txawv rau ntau tus neeg siv. OFDMA xav tau plaub npaug ntau tus subcarriers ib zaus channel li cov thev naus laus zis yav dhau los. Qhov no txhais tau tias hauv 20mhz, 40mhz, 80mhz, thiab 160mhz channels, tus qauv 802.11ax muaj 256, 512, 1024, thiab 2048 subcarriers feem. Qhov no txo qhov kev sib tsoo thiab latency, txawm tias thaum txuas ntau lub cuab yeej. OFDMA txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab txo latency, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev ua haujlwm qis-bandwidth.
5. Ntau Tus Neeg Siv Ntau Qhov Kev Nkag Ntau Qhov Kev Tso Tawm (MU-MIMO)
MU MIMO sawv cev rau "ntau tus neeg siv, ntau qhov nkag, ntau qhov tso zis". Nws yog ib qho thev naus laus zis wireless uas tso cai rau ntau tus neeg siv sib txuas lus nrog lub router tib lub sijhawm. Txij Wifi 5 mus rau Wifi 6, lub peev xwm ntawm MU MIMO txawv heev.
Wifi 5 siv downlink, ib txoj kev 4 × 4 MU-MIMO. Qhov no txhais tau tias ntau tus neeg siv uas muaj kev txwv tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lub router thiab kev sib txuas Wifi ruaj khov. Thaum qhov txwv ntawm 4 qhov kev xa xov tib lub sijhawm dhau mus, Wifi yuav dhau los ua qhov tsis sib haum xeeb thiab pib qhia cov cim ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb, xws li latency ntau ntxiv, pob ntawv poob, thiab lwm yam.
Wifi 6 siv 8 × 8 MU MIMO thev naus laus zis. Qhov no tuaj yeem tswj tau txog li 8 lub cuab yeej txuas nrog thiab siv wireless LAN yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Zoo dua, qhov kev hloov kho Wifi 6 MU MIMO yog bidirectional, txhais tau tias cov khoom siv sab nraud tuaj yeem txuas rau lub router ntawm ntau qhov zaus bands. Qhov no txhais tau tias muaj peev xwm txhim kho los xa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau hauv Is Taws Nem, ntawm lwm yam kev siv.
6. Cov Zaus Bands
Ib qho txawv pom tseeb ntawm Wifi 5 thiab Wifi 6 yog cov zaus ntawm ob lub thev naus laus zis. Wifi 5 tsuas yog siv 5GHz band thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam tsawg dua. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias qhov ntau ntawm lub teeb liab luv dua thiab lub peev xwm nkag mus rau phab ntsa thiab lwm yam teeb meem raug txo qis.
Wifi 6, ntawm qhov tod tes, siv ob lub zaus band, tus qauv 2.4Ghz thiab 5Ghz. Hauv Wifi 6e, cov neeg tsim khoom yuav ntxiv 6ghz band rau tsev neeg Wifi 6. Wifi 6 siv ob qho tib si 2.4Ghz thiab 5Ghz bands, uas txhais tau tias cov khoom siv tuaj yeem luam theej duab thiab siv cov band no nrog kev cuam tshuam tsawg dua thiab kev siv tau zoo dua. Txoj kev no, cov neeg siv tau txais qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ob lub network, nrog kev ceev ceev ntawm qhov ze thiab qhov dav dua thaum cov khoom siv tsis nyob hauv tib qho chaw.
7. Muaj xim BSS
Kev xim BSS yog lwm yam ntxwv ntawm Wifi 6 uas ua rau nws txawv ntawm cov tiam dhau los. Qhov no yog ib qho ntxwv tshiab ntawm tus qauv Wifi 6. BSS, lossis cov kev pabcuam yooj yim, nws tus kheej yog ib qho ntxwv ntawm txhua lub network 802.11. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog Wifi 6 thiab cov tiam tom ntej thiaj li yuav muaj peev xwm txhais cov xim BSS los ntawm lwm cov khoom siv siv cov cim xim BSS. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb vim nws pab tiv thaiv cov teeb liab kom tsis txhob sib tshooj.
8. Lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm yug me nyuam
Latency txhais tau hais tias qhov qeeb hauv kev xa cov pob ntawv los ntawm ib qho chaw mus rau lwm qhov. Qhov qeeb qeeb ze rau xoom yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, qhia tias me ntsis lossis tsis muaj kev ncua. Piv rau Wifi 5, Wifi 6 muaj latency luv dua, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev lag luam thiab cov koom haum lag luam. Cov neeg siv hauv tsev kuj tseem yuav nyiam qhov feature no ntawm cov qauv Wifi tshiab, vim nws txhais tau tias sai dua Inkev sib txuas lus hauv internet.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Tsib Hlis-10-2024