1Porotokole y'umutekano w'umuyoboro
Mu miyoboro ya interineti idafite insinga, akamaro k'umutekano wa interineti ntikagomba gushingirwa cyane. Wifi ni umuyoboro wa interineti udafite insinga wemerera ibikoresho byinshi n'abakoresha guhuza interineti binyuze mu buryo bumwe bwo kwinjira. Wifi ikoreshwa kandi ahantu hahurira abantu benshi, aho usanga hari ubugenzuzi buke ku bashobora guhuza interineti. Mu nyubako z'ibigo, amakuru akenewe agomba kurindwa mu gihe abajura babi bagerageje gusenya cyangwa kwiba amakuru.
Wifi 5 ishyigikira protocole za WPA na WPA2 kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo guhuza amakuru mu buryo bwizewe. Ibi ni ibintu by'ingenzi mu kunoza umutekano ugereranyije na protocole ya WEP ishaje, ariko ubu ifite intege nke n'intege nke nyinshi. Imwe muri izo ngorane ni igitero cy'inkoranyamagambo, aho abagizi ba nabi bo kuri interineti bashobora kumenya ijambo ry'ibanga ryawe ryanditse bakoresheje uburyo bwinshi bwo kugerageza no guhuza amakuru.
Wifi 6 ifite protocole igezweho y’umutekano WPA3. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bishyigikira Wifi 6 bikoresha protocole za WPA, WPA2, na WPA3 icyarimwe. Wifi Protected Access 3 Inoze mu buryo bwo kwemeza no gufunga ibintu byinshi. Ifite ikoranabuhanga rya OWE ribuza gufunga ibintu mu buryo bwikora, kandi amaherezo, kode za OR zishobora gusomwa zihuzwa neza n’igikoresho.
2Umuvuduko wo kohereza amakuru
Umuvuduko ni ikintu cy'ingenzi kandi gishimishije ikoranabuhanga rishya rigomba kwitaho mbere yuko rishyirwa ahagaragara. Umuvuduko ni ingenzi ku kintu cyose kiba kuri interineti no ku bwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwa interineti. Igipimo cyihuse bivuze ko igihe cyo gukuramo amakuru ari gito, kohereza amakuru neza, kohereza amakuru vuba, gukorana neza kwa videwo n'amajwi, gusura vuba n'ibindi byinshi.
Wifi 5 ifite umuvuduko ntarengwa wo kohereza amakuru wa 6.9 Gbps. Mu buzima busanzwe, umuvuduko mpuzandengo wo kohereza amakuru wa 802.11ac ni hafi 200Mbps. Umuvuduko Wifi ikoresha uterwa na QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) n'umubare w'ibikoresho bihujwe n'aho umuntu yinjira cyangwa router. Wifi 5 ikoresha modulation ya 256-QAM, iri hasi cyane ugereranyije na Wifi 6. Byongeye kandi, ikoranabuhanga rya Wifi 5 MU-MIMO ryemerera guhuza ibikoresho bine icyarimwe. Ibikoresho byinshi bivuze gucucikana no gusangira bandwidth, bigatuma umuvuduko ugabanuka kuri buri gikoresho.
Mu buryo bunyuranye, Wifi 6 ni amahitamo meza mu bijyanye n'umuvuduko, cyane cyane iyo umuyoboro wuzuye. Ikoresha modulation ya 1024-QAM kugira ngo igire umuvuduko ntarengwa wo kohereza amakuru kugeza kuri 9.6Gbps. Umuvuduko wa wi-fi 5 na wi-fi 6 ntutandukanye cyane bitewe n'igikoresho. Wifi 6 ihora yihuta, ariko inyungu nyayo ni iyo ibikoresho byinshi bihujwe na network ya Wifi. Umubare nyawo w'ibikoresho bihujwe bigabanya umuvuduko n'imbaraga za interineti by'ibikoresho bya Wifi 5 na routers iyo bikoresha Wifi 6 ntuzigera ugaragara.
3. Uburyo bwo gukora imirasire
Gutera imirasire y'amashanyarazi ni uburyo bwo kohereza ibimenyetso buyobora ikimenyetso kidakoresha insinga ku muntu runaka ugikoresha, aho gukwirakwiza ikimenyetso giturutse mu cyerekezo gitandukanye. Hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutera imirasire y'amashanyarazi, aho kwinjira hashobora kohereza amakuru mu buryo butaziguye kuri igikoresho aho gutangaza ikimenyetso mu mpande zose. Gutera imirasire y'amashanyarazi si ikoranabuhanga rishya kandi rifite porogaramu muri Wifi 4 na Wifi 5. Mu buryo busanzwe bwa Wifi 5, antene enye gusa ni zo zikoreshwa. Ariko, Wifi 6 ikoresha antene umunani. Uko router ya Wifi ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gutera imirasire y'amashanyarazi neza, ni ko umubare w'amakuru n'ingano y'ibimenyetso birushaho kuba byiza.
4. Igabanywa ry'inshuro nyinshi zo gukoresha orthogonal (OFDMA)
Wifi 5 ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryitwa orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) mu kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira kuri network. Ni uburyo bwo kugenzura umubare w'abakoresha bagera kuri subcarrier runaka mu gihe runaka. Mu buryo busanzwe bwa 802.11ac, imiyoboro ya 20mhz, 40mhz, 80mhz na 160mhz ifite subcarrier 64, subcarrier 128, subcarrier 256 na subcarrier 512. Ibi bigabanya cyane umubare w'abakoresha bashobora guhuza no gukoresha network ya Wifi mu gihe runaka.
Ku rundi ruhande, Wifi 6 ikoresha OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access). Ikoranabuhanga rya OFDMA rituma umwanya wa subcarrier uriho uri mu murongo umwe. Mu gukora ibi, abakoresha ntibagomba gutegereza ku murongo sub-carrier y'ubuntu, ariko bashobora kuyibona byoroshye.
OFDMA igenera abakoresha benshi ibikoresho bitandukanye. OFDMA isaba subcarriers inshuro enye kuri buri nshuro ya terefone ugereranyije n’ikoranabuhanga ryabanje. Ibi bivuze ko muri channel za 20mhz, 40mhz, 80mhz, na 160mhz, standard ya 802.11ax ifite subcarriers 256, 512, 1024, na 2048. Ibi bigabanya gucucikana no gutinda, ndetse no mu gihe uhuza ibikoresho byinshi. OFDMA irushaho gukora neza kandi ikagabanya gutinda, bigatuma iba nziza ku mikorere ya bandwidth nke.
5. Ikoreshwa ry'abakoresha benshi mu gusohora ibicuruzwa byinshi (MU-MIMO)
MU MIMO isobanura "abakoresha benshi, abinjira benshi, abasohoka benshi". Ni ikoranabuhanga rikoresha insinga rituma abakoresha benshi bashobora kuvugana na router icyarimwe. Kuva kuri Wifi 5 kugeza kuri Wifi 6, ubushobozi bwa MU MIMO buratandukanye cyane.
Wifi 5 ikoresha downlink, 4×4 MU-MIMO imwe. Ibi bivuze ko abakoresha benshi bafite imbogamizi zihariye bashobora kugera kuri router no guhuza Wifi neza. Iyo umubare ntarengwa w'itumanaho 4 icyarimwe urenze, Wifi iba yuzuye kandi igatangira kugaragaza ibimenyetso by'umubyigano, nko kwiyongera k'umubyigano, gutakaza paki, nibindi.
Wifi 6 ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya 8×8 MU MIMO. Ibi bishobora gukora ibikoresho bigera kuri 8 bihujwe kandi bigakoreshwa neza na LAN idakoresha insinga nta kibazo. Icyiza kurushaho, kuvugurura Wifi 6 MU MIMO ni uburyo bwo guhuza imikorere ibiri, bivuze ko ibikoresho bishobora guhuza na router ku mirongo myinshi ya frequencies. Ibi bivuze ubushobozi bwo kohereza amakuru kuri interineti, n'ibindi bikorwa.
6. Imirongo y'inshuro
Itandukaniro rigaragara hagati ya Wifi 5 na Wifi 6 ni imirongo y'amajwi y'ikoranabuhanga ryombi. Wifi 5 ikoresha gusa umurongo wa 5GHz kandi ifite ingaruka nke. Ingorane ni uko intera y'amajwi iba ngufi kandi ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu nkuta n'izindi mbogamizi buragabanuka.
Ku rundi ruhande, Wifi 6 ikoresha imirongo ibiri ya bande, 2.4Ghz na 5Ghz bisanzwe. Muri Wifi 6e, abakora porogaramu bazongeramo bande ya 6ghz mu muryango wa Wifi 6. Wifi 6 ikoresha imirongo ya 2.4Ghz na 5Ghz, bivuze ko ibikoresho bishobora gushakisha no gukoresha iyi bande mu buryo bwikora nta nkomyi nyinshi kandi bikaba byiza kurushaho. Muri ubu buryo, abakoresha babona uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha imiyoboro yombi, hamwe n'umuvuduko wihuta iyo intera iri hafi kandi ikaba nini iyo ibikoresho bitari ahantu hamwe.
7. Kuboneka kw'ibara rya BSS
Ibara rya BSS ni ikindi kintu cya Wifi 6 gitandukanya n'ibindi byabanje. Iki ni ikintu gishya cya Wifi 6. BSS, cyangwa seti y'ibanze ya serivisi, ubwayo ni ikintu cya buri muyoboro wa 802.11. Ariko, Wifi 6 n'ibisekuruza bizaza ni byo bizashobora gusesengura amabara ya BSS mu bindi bikoresho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupima amabara bwa BSS. Iki kintu ni ingenzi kuko gifasha gukumira ibimenyetso guhurirana.
8. Itandukaniro ry'igihe cyo kubaga
Gutinda bivuga gutinda mu kohereza amapaki kuva ahantu hamwe ujya ahandi. Umuvuduko muto wo gutinda hafi ya zeru ni mwiza, bigaragaza gutinda guke cyangwa kutabaho. Ugereranyije na Wifi 5, Wifi 6 ifite gutinda guke, bigatuma iba nziza ku bigo by'ubucuruzi n'ibigo. Abakoresha bo mu rugo nabo bazakunda iyi porogaramu kuri moderi za Wifi zigezweho, kuko bivuze ko igenda yihuta.guhuza interineti.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-10-2024