Umehluko phakathi kwe-2.4GHz ne-5GHz

Okokuqala, kufanele sicacise ukuthi ukuxhumana kwe-5G akufani ne-5Ghz Wi-Fi esizokhuluma ngayo namuhla. Ukuxhumana kwe-5G empeleni kuyisifinyezo samanethiwekhi eselula esizukulwane sesi-5, okubhekisela kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana beselula. Futhi i-5G yethu lapha ibhekisela ku-5GHz ejwayelekile ye-WiFi, okubhekisela kusignali ye-WiFi esebenzisa ibhendi yemvamisa ye-5GHz ukudlulisa idatha.

Cishe wonke amadivayisi e-Wi-Fi emakethe manje asekela i-2.4 GHz, futhi amadivayisi angcono angasekela kokubili, okungukuthi i-2.4 GHz kanye ne-5 GHz. Ama-router anjalo e-broadband abizwa ngokuthi ama-router angenantambo e-dual-band.

Ake sixoxe nge-2.4GHz kanye ne-5GHz kunethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi ngezansi.

Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi kunomlando weminyaka engama-20, kusukela esizukulwaneni sokuqala se-802.11b kuya ku-802.11g, 802.11a, 802.11n, kanye ne-802.11ax (WiFi6) yamanje.

Izinga le-Wi-Fi

I-WiFi engenantambo imane nje iyisifinyezo. Empeleni iyingxenyana yesilinganiso senethiwekhi yendawo engenantambo engu-802.11. Selokhu yasungulwa ngo-1997, kuye kwathuthukiswa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-35 zobukhulu obuhlukene. Phakathi kwazo, i-802.11a/b/g/n/ac iye yathuthukiswa ezinye izinhlobo eziyisithupha ezivuthiwe.

I-IEEE 802.11a

I-IEEE 802.11a iyindinganiso ebuyekeziwe yendinganiso yokuqala ye-802.11 futhi yavunywa ngo-1999. Indinganiso ye-802.11a isebenzisa iphrothokholi efanayo nendinganiso yokuqala. Imvamisa yokusebenza ingu-5GHz, kusetshenziswa ama-subcarriers e-orthogonal frequency division angu-52, kanti izinga eliphezulu lokudlulisa idatha eluhlaza lingu-54Mb/s, okufeza i-medium throughput yenethiwekhi yangempela. (20Mb/s) izidingo.

Ngenxa yokwanda kwebhendi yemvamisa ye-2.4G, ukusetshenziswa kwebhendi yemvamisa ye-5G kuyintuthuko ebalulekile ye-802.11a. Kodwa-ke, futhi kuletha izinkinga. Ibanga lokudlulisela alilihle njenge-802.11b/g; ngokombono, izimpawu ze-5G kulula ukuzivimba nokuzimunca yizindonga, ngakho-ke ukumbozwa kwe-802.11a akukuhle njenge-801.11b. I-802.11a nayo ingaphazanyiswa, kodwa ngoba azikho izimpawu eziningi zokuphazamiseka eduze, i-802.11a ivame ukuba nomphumela ongcono.

I-IEEE 802.11b

I-IEEE 802.11b iyindinganiso yamanethiwekhi endawo angenantambo. Imvamisa yenkampani yenethiwekhi ingu-2.4GHz, enganikeza isivinini sokudlulisa esiningi esingu-1, 2, 5.5 kanye no-11Mbit/s. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokungeyikho ngokuthi i-Wi-Fi. Eqinisweni, i-Wi-Fi iyindinganiso yokuhweba ye-Wi-Fi Alliance. Lolu phawu lokuhweba luqinisekisa kuphela ukuthi izimpahla ezisebenzisa uphawu lokuhweba zingabambisana, futhi alunalutho oluphathelene nendinganiso ngokwayo. Ebhendini yemvamisa ye-ISM engu-2.4-GHz, kuneziteshi ezingu-11 eziphelele ezine-bandwidth engu-22MHz, ezingamabhendi emvamisa angu-11 ahambisanayo. Olandela i-IEEE 802.11b yi-IEEE 802.11g.

IEEE 802.11g

I-IEEE 802.11g yaphasiswa ngoJulayi 2003. Imvamisa yesithwali sayo ingu-2.4GHz (efana ne-802.11b), inani lama-frequency band angu-14, isivinini sokuqala sokudlulisa singama-54Mbit/s, kanti isivinini sokudlulisa esiphelele singama-24.7Mbit/s (efana ne-802.11a). Amadivayisi angu-802.11g ahambisana ne-802.11b.

Kamuva, abanye abakhiqizi be-router engenantambo bathuthukisa amazinga amasha asekelwe ku-standard ye-IEEE 802.11g ukuze baphendule izidingo zemakethe, futhi bandise isivinini sokudlulisa esisekelwe ku-108Mbit/s noma i-125Mbit/s.

I-IEEE 802.11n

I-IEEE 802.11n iyindinganiso eyasungulwa ngokusekelwe ku-802.11-2007 yiqembu elisha elisebenzayo elakhiwe yi-IEEE ngoJanuwari 2004 futhi yavunywa ngokusemthethweni ngoSepthemba 2009. Indinganiso yengeza ukwesekwa kwe-MIMO, ivumela i-bandwidth engenantambo engu-40MHz, kanye nesivinini sokudlulisa esiphezulu somqondo siyi-600Mbit/s. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokusebenzisa ikhodi ye-space-time block ephakanyiswe yi-Alamouti, indinganiso yandisa ububanzi bokudluliselwa kwedatha.

I-IEEE 802.11ac

I-IEEE 802.11ac iyindinganiso yokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi yekhompyutha engenantambo engu-802.11 ethuthukayo, esebenzisa ibhendi yemvamisa engu-6GHz (eyaziwa nangokuthi ibhendi yemvamisa engu-5GHz) yokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi yendawo engenantambo (i-WLAN). Ngokwethiyori, inganikeza okungenani i-bandwidth eyi-1 Gigabit ngomzuzwana yokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi yendawo engenantambo (i-WLAN) eneziteshi eziningi, noma okungenani ama-megabit angu-500 ngomzuzwana (500 Mbit/s) yokuxhumana okukodwa kokudlulisa uxhumano.

Yamukela futhi yandisa umqondo wesixhumi somoya osuselwa ku-802.11n, okuhlanganisa: i-bandwidth ebanzi ye-RF (kufika ku-160 MHz), imifudlana eminingi yesikhala se-MIMO (enyuswe yaba ngu-8), i-MU-MIMO, kanye nokususwa kobuningi obuphezulu (ukuguqulwa, kufika ku-256QAM). Ingumlandeli ongaba khona we-IEEE 802.11n.

I-IEEE 802.11ax

Ngo-2017, i-Broadcom yahola ekuqaliseni i-chip engenantambo ye-802.11ax. Ngenxa yokuthi i-802.11ad yangaphambilini yayikubhendi yemvamisa ye-60GHz, yize ijubane lokudlulisa landa, ukumbozwa kwayo kwakulinganiselwe, futhi kwaba ubuchwepheshe obusebenzayo obusiza i-802.11ac. Ngokusho kwephrojekthi esemthethweni ye-IEEE, i-Wi-Fi yesizukulwane sesithupha ethola i-802.11ac iyi-802.11ax, futhi idivayisi yokwabelana esekelayo yethulwe kusukela ngo-2018.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-2.4GHz ne-5GHz

Isizukulwane sokuqala sezinga lokudlulisa elingenantambo i-IEEE 802.11 sazalwa ngo-1997, ngakho-ke amadivayisi amaningi kagesi ngokuvamile asebenzisa imvamisa engenantambo engu-2.4GHz, njengama-oven e-microwave, amadivayisi e-Bluetooth, njll., azophazamisa i-Wi-FI engu-2.4GHz, ngakho-ke isignali iyathinteka ngezinga elithile, njengomgwaqo onezinqola ezidonswa ngamahhashi, amabhayisikili nezimoto ezigijima ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi ijubane lokugijima kwezimoto liyathinteka ngokwemvelo.

I-WiFi engu-5GHz isebenzisa ibhendi yemvamisa ephezulu ukuletha ukuminyana okuncane kweziteshi. Isebenzisa iziteshi ezingu-22 futhi ayiphazamisi. Uma iqhathaniswa neziteshi ezintathu ze-2.4GHz, inciphisa kakhulu ukuminyana kwesignali. Ngakho izinga lokudlulisa le-5GHz lishesha nge-5GHz kune-2.4GHz.

Ibhendi yemvamisa ye-Wi-Fi engu-5GHz esebenzisa iphrothokholi yesizukulwane sesihlanu ye-802.11ac ingafinyelela isivinini sokudlulisa esingu-433Mbps ngaphansi komkhawulokudonsa ongu-80MHz, kanye nesivinini sokudlulisa esingu-866Mbps ngaphansi komkhawulokudonsa ongu-160MHz, uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso sokudlulisa esingu-2.4GHz sesilinganiso esiphezulu esingu-300Mbps.

I-5GHz Engavinjelwe

Kodwa-ke, i-Wi-Fi ye-5GHz nayo inezinkinga. Izinkinga zayo zisebangeni lokudlulisa kanye nekhono lokudlula ezinkingeni.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-Wi-Fi iyigagasi likagesi, indlela yayo eyinhloko yokusabalalisa iwukusabalalisa umugqa oqondile. Uma ihlangabezana nezithiyo, izokhiqiza ukungena, ukubonakalisa, ukusabalalisa kanye nezinye izinto. Phakathi kwazo, ukungena yiyona eyinhloko, futhi ingxenye encane yesignali izokwenzeka. Ukuzindla kanye nokusabalalisa. Izici zomzimba zamagagasi omsakazo ukuthi lapho imvamisa iphansi, ubude be-wavelength buyanda, ukulahlekelwa kuncane ngesikhathi sokusabalalisa, ukumbozwa kubanzi, futhi kulula ukudlula izithiyo; lapho imvamisa iphakama, ukumbozwa kuncane futhi kuba nzima kakhulu. Hamba uzungeze izithiyo.

Ngakho-ke, isignali ye-5G enemvamisa ephezulu kanye nobude obufushane inendawo encane yokumboza, futhi ikhono lokudlula ezinkingeni alilihle njenge-2.4GHz.

Ngokuphathelene nebanga lokudlulisa, i-Wi-Fi engu-2.4GHz ingafinyelela ukumbozwa okuphezulu kwamamitha angu-70 ngaphakathi, kanye nokumbozwa okuphezulu kwamamitha angu-250 ngaphandle. Futhi i-Wi-Fi engu-5GHz ingafinyelela ukumbozwa okuphezulu kwamamitha angu-35 ngaphakathi.

Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa ukuqhathaniswa kokumbozwa kwe-Ekahau Site Survey phakathi kwamabhendi emvamisa angu-2.4 GHz no-5 GHz kumklami obonakalayo. Okuluhlaza okotshani kakhulu kokulingiswa okubili kumelela isivinini esingu-150 Mbps. Okubomvu ekulingiswani kwe-2.4 GHz kubonisa isivinini esingu-1 Mbps, kanti okubomvu ku-5 GHz kubonisa isivinini esingu-6 Mbps. Njengoba ubona, ukumbozwa kwama-AP angu-2.4 GHz kukhulu impela, kodwa isivinini emaphethelweni okumbozwa kwe-5 GHz sishesha kakhulu.

I-5 GHz kanye ne-2.4 GHz ziyimvamisa ehlukene, ngayinye enezinzuzo zamanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi, futhi lezi zinzuzo zingase zincike endleleni ohlela ngayo inethiwekhi - ikakhulukazi uma ucabangela ububanzi nezithiyo (izindonga, njll.) okungadingeka ukuthi isignali imboze. Ingabe kuningi kakhulu?

Uma udinga ukumboza indawo enkulu noma ukungena okuphezulu ezindongeni, i-2.4 GHz izoba ngcono. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwale mikhawulo, i-5 GHz iyindlela esheshayo. Uma sihlanganisa izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwala ma-frequency band amabili futhi siwahlanganisa abe yinye, ngokusebenzisa izindawo zokufinyelela ze-dual-band ekusetshenzisweni okungenantambo, singaphinda kabili i-bandwidth engenantambo, sinciphise umthelela wokuphazamiseka, futhi sijabulele inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi engcono kakhulu.