Umehluko phakathi kweswishi ne-router

(1) Ngokubukeka, sihlukanisa phakathi kwalokhu okubili

Amaswishi ngokuvamile anezimbobo eziningi futhi abukeka eyinkimbinkimbi.

Amachweba e-router mancane kakhulu futhi ivolumu incane kakhulu.

Eqinisweni, isithombe esingakwesokudla akuyona i-router yangempela kodwa sihlanganisa umsebenzi we-router. Ngaphezu komsebenzi weswishi (i-port ye-LAN isetshenziswa njenge-port yeswishi, i-WAN iyi-port esetshenziselwa ukuxhuma kunethiwekhi yangaphandle), kanti ezimbili. I-antenna iyindawo yokufinyelela ye-AP engenantambo (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-wifi yenethiwekhi yendawo engenantambo).

(2) Amazinga ahlukene okusebenza:

Iswishi yokuqala yayisebenza kungqimba yesixhumanisi sedatha ye-** yemodeli yokuxhumana yesistimu evulekile ye-OSI, ** okuyingqimba yesibili.

I-router isebenza kungqimba yenethiwekhi yemodeli ye-OSI, okuyingqimba yesithathu

Ngenxa yalokhu, isimiso seswishi silula kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, amasekethe ehadiwe asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amafreyimu edatha.

I-router isebenza kungqimba yenethiwekhi futhi ithwala umsebenzi obalulekile wokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi. Ukuze isebenzise amaphrothokholi ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ibe nemisebenzi yokwenza izinqumo zokudlulisela phambili ehlakaniphile, ngokuvamile isebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza ku-router ukuze isebenzise ama-algorithms ayinkimbinkimbi okuqondisa, futhi ithambekele kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwesofthiwe. Umsebenzi wayo.

(3) Izinto zokudlulisa idatha zihlukile:

Iswishi idlulisela phambili ozimele bedatha ngokusekelwe ekhelini le-MAC

I-router idlulisela phambili ama-datagram/amaphakethe e-IP ngokusekelwe ekhelini le-IP.

Uhlaka lwedatha luhlanganisa inhloko yohlaka (i-MAC yomthombo kanye ne-MAC yendawo, njll.) kanye nomsila wohlaka (i-CRC check. Code) ngokusekelwe kumaphakethe/amaphakethe edatha ye-IP. Ngokuphathelene nekheli le-MAC kanye nekheli le-IP, ungase ungaqondi ukuthi kungani kudingeka amakheli amabili. Eqinisweni, ikheli le-IP linquma iphakethe lokugcina ledatha ukuze lifinyelele kumphathi othile, kanti ikheli le-MAC linquma ukuthi yiliphi i-hop elandelayo ezosebenzisana nalo. Idivayisi (ngokuvamile i-router noma i-host). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikheli le-IP litholakala ngesofthiwe, engachaza inethiwekhi lapho i-host ikhona khona, kanti ikheli le-MAC litholakala ngehadiwe. Ikhadi ngalinye lenethiwekhi lizoqinisa ikheli le-MAC kuphela emhlabeni ku-ROM yekhadi lenethiwekhi lapho liphuma efektri, ngakho ikheli le-MAC alikwazi ukuguqulwa, kodwa ikheli le-IP lingalungiswa futhi liguqulwe umphathi wenethiwekhi.

(4) “Ukuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi” kuhlukile

Iswishi isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwakha inethiwekhi yendawo, futhi i-router inesibopho sokuxhuma i-host kunethiwekhi yangaphandle. Ama-host amaningi angaxhunywa ku-switch ngekhebula lenethiwekhi. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-LAN iyasungulwa, futhi idatha ingathunyelwa kwamanye ama-host ku-LAN. Isibonelo, isofthiwe ye-LAN efana ne-Feiqiu esiyisebenzisayo idlulisela idatha kwamanye ama-host ngokusebenzisa iswishi. Kodwa-ke, i-LAN esungulwe yi-switch ayikwazi ukufinyelela inethiwekhi yangaphandle (okungukuthi, i-inthanethi). Ngalesi sikhathi, i-router iyadingeka ukuze "isivulele umnyango wezwe elimangalisayo elingaphandle". Bonke ama-host ku-LAN basebenzisa i-IP yenethiwekhi yangasese, ngakho-ke kumele. Inethiwekhi yangaphandle ingafinyelelwa kuphela ngemva kokuba i-router iguqulwe ibe yi-IP yenethiwekhi yomphakathi.

(5) Isizinda sokungqubuzana kanye nesizinda sokusakaza

Iswishi ihlukanisa isizinda sokungqubuzana, kodwa ayihlukanisi isizinda sokusakaza, kuyilapho i-router ihlukanisa isizinda sokusakaza. Izingxenye zenethiwekhi ezixhunywe yiswishi zisesesizinda sokusakaza esifanayo, futhi amaphakethe edatha yokusakaza azodluliselwa kuzo zonke izingxenye zenethiwekhi ezixhunywe yiswishi. Kulesi simo, kuzobangela iziphepho zokusakaza kanye nobuthakathaka bokuphepha. Ingxenye yenethiwekhi exhunywe ku-router izonikezwa isizinda sokusakaza esingafinyeleleki, futhi i-router ngeke idlulisele idatha yokusakaza. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iphakethe ledatha le-unicast lizothunyelwa ngokukhethekile kumphathi oqondiwe yiswishi kunethiwekhi yendawo, kanti abanye abasingathi ngeke bathole idatha. Lokhu kuhlukile ku-hub yokuqala. Isikhathi sokufika kwedatha sinqunywa izinga lokudlulisela leswishi. Iswishi izodlulisela idatha yokusakaza kubo bonke abasingathi ku-LAN.

Into yokugcina okufanele uyiqaphele ukuthi ama-router ngokuvamile anomsebenzi we-firewall, ongahlunga ngokukhetha amanye amaphakethe edatha yenethiwekhi. Amanye ama-router manje anomsebenzi weswishi (njengoba kuboniswe ngakwesokudla esithombeni esingenhla), kanti amanye amaswishi anomsebenzi we-router, abizwa ngokuthi ama-Layer 3 switches futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi. Uma kuqhathaniswa, ama-router anemisebenzi enamandla kakhulu kune-switches, kodwa futhi ahamba kancane futhi abiza kakhulu. Ama-Layer 3 switches anekhono lokudlulisela phambili eliqondile lama-switches kanye nemisebenzi emihle yokuqondisa ama-router, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa kabanzi.