Itandukaniro riri hagati ya switch na router

(1) Dukurikije uko bigaragara, dutandukanya ibyo byombi

Ubusanzwe swichi zigira imiyoboro myinshi kandi zisa n'izigoye.

Imbuga za router ni nto cyane kandi ingano yazo ni nto cyane.

Mu by’ukuri, ifoto iri iburyo si router nyayo ahubwo ihuza imikorere ya router. Uretse imikorere ya switch (port ya LAN ikoreshwa nk'aho switch ikorera, WAN ni port ikoreshwa mu guhuza umuyoboro wo hanze), naho ebyiri. Antene ni aho AP ihurira nta mugozi (izwi cyane nka wireless local area network wifi).

(2) Inzego zitandukanye z'akazi:

Iyi switch ya mbere yakoreraga ku urwego rwa ** rw'amakuru ahuza ubwoko bwa OSI open system interconnection mode, ** ari rwo rwego rwa kabiri.

Router ikora ku rwego rwa network ya moderi ya OSI, ari narwo rwego rwa gatatu

Kubera iyo mpamvu, ihame rya switch ryoroshye cyane. Muri rusange, ibyuma bikoreshwa mu kohereza amakuru ku murongo.

Router ikora ku rwego rwa network kandi ikaba ifite inshingano y'ingenzi yo guhuza network. Kugira ngo ishyire mu bikorwa protocole zikomeye kandi igire imikorere myiza yo gufata ibyemezo byo kohereza amakuru, muri rusange ikoresha sisitemu y'imikorere muri router kugira ngo ishyire mu bikorwa algorithme zikomeye zo gukoresha routing, kandi ikunda gushyira mu bikorwa porogaramu. Imirimo yayo.

(3) Ibintu byo kohereza amakuru biratandukanye:

Iyi swichi ishyira imbere amafuremu y'amakuru ashingiye kuri aderesi ya MAC

Router yohereza amakuru ya IP/packets hashingiwe kuri aderesi ya IP.

Urupapuro rw'amakuru rukubiyemo umutwe w'urupapuro (MAC y'inkomoko n'aho MAC iherereye, nibindi) na frame tail (CRC check. Code) hashingiwe ku mapaki/paketi za IP. Ku bijyanye n'aderesi ya MAC na IP, ushobora kutumva impamvu hakenewe aderesi ebyiri. Mu by'ukuri, aderesi ya IP igena paki ya nyuma y'amakuru kugira ngo igere kuri host runaka, naho aderesi ya MAC ikagena iyo ikurikiraho izakorana nayo. Igikoresho (ubusanzwe ni router cyangwa host). Byongeye kandi, aderesi ya IP igerwaho na software, ishobora gusobanura umuyoboro aho host iherereye, naho aderesi ya MAC igerwaho na hardware. Buri karita ya network izashimangira aderesi ya MAC yonyine ku isi muri ROM y'ikarita ya network iyo ivuye mu ruganda, bityo aderesi ya MAC ntishobora guhindurwa, ariko aderesi ya IP irashobora gutegurwa no guhindurwa n'umuyobozi wa network.

(4) "Igabana ry'umurimo" riratandukanye

Iyi switch ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kubaka umuyoboro w’ahantu, kandi router ifite inshingano zo guhuza host n’umuyoboro wo hanze. Host nyinshi zishobora guhuzwa na switch binyuze kuri cable ya network. Muri iki gihe, LAN iba yashyizweho, kandi amakuru ashobora koherezwa ku zindi host muri LAN. Urugero, porogaramu ya LAN nka Feiqiu dukoresha yohereza amakuru ku zindi host binyuze muri switch. Ariko, LAN yashyizweho na switch ntishobora kugera kuri network yo hanze (ni ukuvuga interineti). Muri iki gihe, router irakenewe kugira ngo "idufungurire umuryango w’isi nziza yo hanze". Host zose kuri LAN zikoresha IP ya network yihariye, bityo igomba. Network yo hanze ishobora kugerwaho gusa nyuma yuko router ihinduwe IP ya network rusange.

(5) Aho amakimbirane abera n'aho akorera ibiganiro

Iyi switch igabanya domaine y’amakimbirane, ariko ntigabanya domaine y’amatangazo, mu gihe router igabanya domaine y’amatangazo. Ibice by’umuyoboro bihujwe na switch biracyari mu domaine imwe y’amatangazo, kandi paki z’amatangazo zizajya zoherezwa ku bice byose by’umuyoboro bihujwe na switch. Muri iki gihe, bizatera inkubi z’umuyaga n’ibibazo by’umutekano. Igice cy’umuyoboro gihujwe na router kizahabwa domaine idashoboka yo gusakaza, kandi router ntabwo izatanga amakuru yo gusakaza. Tugomba kumenya ko paki y’amakuru ya unicast izoherezwa by’umwihariko kuri host ishakisha na switch iri mu muyoboro w’aho iherereye, kandi izindi host ntizakira amakuru. Ibi bitandukanye n’aho amakuru yatangiriye. Igihe cyo kuhagera cy’amakuru kigenwa n’igipimo cyo kohereza amakuru cya switch. Iyi switch izohereza amakuru yo gusakaza kuri host zose muri LAN.

Ikintu cya nyuma cyo kumenya ni uko muri rusange routers zifite akazi nk'umuriro w'amashanyarazi, ushobora gushungura neza paki zimwe na zimwe z'amakuru ya interineti. Routers zimwe ubu zifite akazi nk'ingufu (nk'uko bigaragara iburyo ku ishusho iri hejuru), naho switches zimwe na zimwe zifite akazi nk'ingufu za router, zitwa switches za Layer 3 kandi zikoreshwa cyane. Mu kugereranya, routers zifite imirimo ikomeye kurusha switches, ariko kandi zigenda buhoro kandi zihenze cyane. Layer 3 switches zifite ubushobozi bwo kohereza amakuru kuri linear hamwe n'imikorere myiza ya routers, bityo zikoreshwa cyane.