(1) Kubva pakuonekwa, tinosiyanisa pakati pezviviri izvi
Maswichi anowanzova nemaport akawanda uye anoita seanorema.
Maports erouter madiki zvikuru uye vhoriyamu yacho idiki zvikuru.
Kutaura zvazviri, mufananidzo uri kurudyi hausi router chaiyo asi unobatanidza basa rerouter. Pamusoro pebasa reswitch (LAN port inoshandiswa sechiteshi cheswitch, WAN ndiyo port inoshandiswa kubatanidza kune network yekunze), uye maviri antenna ndiyo nzvimbo yekupinda isina waya yeAP (inowanzozivikanwa se wireless local area network wifi).
(2) Matanho akasiyana ekushanda:
Switch yekutanga yaishanda pa ** data link layer yeOSI open system interconnection model, ** inova layer yechipiri.
Router inoshanda padanho renetwork reOSI model, rinova danho rechitatu
Nekuda kweizvi, musimboti we switch uri nyore. Kazhinji, ma hardware circuits anoshandiswa kuita kuti data frames dzifambiswe mberi.
Router inoshanda padanho renetwork uye inotakura basa rakakosha rekubatanidza network. Kuti iite maprotocol akaomarara uye ive nemabasa ekugadzira sarudzo dzakangwara, inowanzo mhanyisa sisitimu inoshanda murouter kuti iite maalgorithms akaomarara erouting, uye inonyanya kufarira kuita software. Basa rayo.
(3) Zvinhu zvinotumira data zvakasiyana:
Switch inotumira data frames zvichibva pakero yeMAC
Router inotumira datagrams/mapaketi eIP zvichienderana nekero yeIP.
Furemu yedata inofukidza musoro wefuremu (source MAC uye destination MAC, nezvimwewo) uye frame tail (CRC check. Code) zvichibva pamapaketi/mapaketi eIP data. Nezve kero yeMAC nekero yeIP, ungasanzwisisa kuti nei maakero maviri achidikanwa. Kutaura zvazviri, kero yeIP ndiyo inosarudza packet yekupedzisira yedata kuti isvike kune imwe host, uye kero yeMAC ndiyo inosarudza kuti inotevera ichabatana neipi. Chishandiso (kazhinji router kana host). Uyezve, kero yeIP inowanikwa nesoftware, iyo inogona kutsanangura network iri host, uye kero yeMAC inowanikwa nehardware. Kadhi rega rega renetwork richasimbisa kero yeMAC yepasi rose muROM yekadhi renetwork parinobva mufekitori, saka kero yeMAC haigone kuchinjwa, asi kero yeIP inogona kugadziriswa uye kugadziriswa nemanetiweki.
(4) "Kupatsanurwa kwebasa" kwakasiyana
Switch iyi inonyanya kushandiswa kuvaka network yenzvimbo, uye router ine basa rekubatanidza host kune network yekunze. Mahost akawanda anogona kubatanidzwa kuswitch kuburikidza netambo yenetwork. Panguva ino, LAN inogadzirwa, uye data rinogona kutumirwa kune mamwe mahost muLAN. Semuenzaniso, software yeLAN yakaita seFeiqiu yatinoshandisa inotumira data kune mamwe mahost kuburikidza neswitch. Zvisinei, LAN yakagadzirwa neswitch haigone kupinda network yekunze (ndiko kuti, Internet). Panguva ino, router inodiwa kuti "ivhure musuwo wenyika inoshamisa yekunze" kwatiri. Mahost ese ari paLAN anoshandisa IP yenetwork yakavanzika, saka inofanira kuwanikwa. Network yekunze inogona kuwanikwa chete mushure mekunge router yashandurwa kuita IP yenetwork yeruzhinji.
(5) Nzvimbo yekukakavadzana uye nzvimbo yekutepfenyura
Swichi iyi inopatsanura nzvimbo yekupokana, asi haipatsanuri nzvimbo yekubuditsa mashoko, ukuwo router ichipatsanura nzvimbo yekubuditsa mashoko. Zvikamu zvenetwork zvakabatana neswichi zvichiri zvenzvimbo imwe chete yekubuditsa mashoko, uye mapaketi edata ekubuditsa mashoko achatumirwa pazvikamu zvese zvenetwork zvakabatana neswichi. Muchiitiko ichi, zvichakonzera dutu remashoko uye kusachengeteka. Chikamu chenetwork chakabatana nerouter chichapihwa nzvimbo yekubuditsa mashoko isingasvikwe, uye router haizotumire data rekubuditsa mashoko. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti unicast data packet ichatumirwa zvakananga kune target host neswichi iri munetwork yenzvimbo, uye mamwe mahost haagamuchire data. Izvi zvakasiyana nehub yekutanga. Nguva yekusvika kwedata inotarwa nenhamba yekufambiswa kwemashoko yeswichi. Swichi iyi ichatumira data rekubuditsa mashoko kune mahost ese ari muLAN.
Chinhu chekupedzisira chekucherechedza ndechekuti ma routers anowanzova nebasa re firewall, iro rinogona kusefa mamwe mapaketi edata re network. Mamwe ma routers ikozvino ane basa re switch (sezvinoratidzwa kurudyi mumufananidzo uri pamusoro), uye mamwe ma switch ane basa re router, ayo anonzi ma switch eLayer 3 uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Kana tichienzanisa, ma routers ane mabasa ane simba kupfuura ma switch, asi anononokawo uye anodhura zvakanyanya. Ma switch eLayer 3 ane kugona kwekutumira ma switch zvakananga uye mabasa akanaka e routing ema routers, saka anoshandiswa zvakanyanya.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-26-2021