(1) Ngokwembonakalo, sahlula phakathi kwezi zimbini
Iiswitshi zihlala zinezibuko ezininzi kwaye zibonakala zinzima.
Iiports ze-router zincinci kakhulu kwaye ivolumu incinci kakhulu.
Enyanisweni, umfanekiso ongasekunene awuyo-router yokwenyani kodwa udibanisa umsebenzi we-router. Ukongeza kumsebenzi weswitshi (i-port ye-LAN isetyenziswa njenge-port yeswitshi, i-WAN yi-port esetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana nenethiwekhi yangaphandle), kwaye ezimbini. I-antenna yindawo yokufikelela ye-AP engenazingcingo (ebizwa ngokuba yi-wifi yenethiwekhi yendawo engenazingcingo).
(2) Amanqanaba okusebenza ahlukeneyo:
Iswitshi yokuqala yayisebenza kwi ** data link layer ye-OSI open system interconnection model, ** eyi-second layer.
I-router isebenza kumaleko wenethiwekhi yomzekelo we-OSI, olumaleko wesithathu
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, umgaqo wokutshintsha ulula kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, iisekethe zehardware zisetyenziselwa ukudlulisela phambili iifreyimu zedatha.
I-router isebenza kumaleko wenethiwekhi kwaye ithwala umsebenzi obalulekileyo wokunxibelelana kwenethiwekhi. Ukuze isebenzise iiprotokholi ezintsonkothileyo kwaye ibe nemisebenzi yokwenza izigqibo zokudlulisela phambili ekrelekrele ngakumbi, ngokubanzi isebenzisa inkqubo yokusebenza kwi-router ukuze isebenzise ii-algorithms ze-routing ezintsonkothileyo, kwaye ithambekele ngakumbi ekusetyenzisweni kwesoftware. Umsebenzi wayo.
(3) Izinto zokudlulisela idatha zahlukile:
Iswitshi idlulisela phambili iifreyimu zedatha ngokusekelwe kwidilesi ye-MAC
I-router ithumela ii-datagrams/iipakethi ze-IP ngokusekelwe kwidilesi ye-IP.
Isakhelo sedatha sigubungela intloko yesakhelo (i-source MAC kunye ne-destination MAC, njl.njl.) kunye ne-frame tail (i-CRC check. Code) ngokusekelwe kwiipakethi/iipakethi zedatha ze-IP. Ngokuphathelele idilesi ye-MAC kunye nedilesi ye-IP, usenokungaqondi ukuba kutheni kufuneka iidilesi ezimbini. Enyanisweni, idilesi ye-IP imisela ipakethi yedatha yokugqibela ukufikelela kwi-host ethile, kwaye idilesi ye-MAC imisela ukuba yeyiphi i-hop elandelayo eza kunxibelelana nayo. Isixhobo (ngesiqhelo i-router okanye i-host). Ngaphezu koko, idilesi ye-IP iqatshelwa yisoftware, enokuchaza inethiwekhi apho i-host ikhoyo, kwaye idilesi ye-MAC iqatshelwa yi-hardware. Ikhadi ngalinye lenethiwekhi liya kuqinisa idilesi ye-MAC yehlabathi kuphela kwi-ROM yekhadi lenethiwekhi xa liphuma kwifektri, ngoko ke idilesi ye-MAC ayinakuguqulwa, kodwa idilesi ye-IP inokumiselwa kwaye iguqulwe ngumphathi wenethiwekhi.
(4) "Ulwahlulo lwabasebenzi" lwahlukile
Iswitshi isetyenziswa kakhulu ukwakha inethiwekhi yendawo, kwaye i-router inoxanduva lokudibanisa i-host kwinethiwekhi yangaphandle. Ii-host ezininzi zinokudityaniswa kwiswitshi ngentambo yenethiwekhi. Ngeli xesha, i-LAN imiselwe, kwaye idatha ingathunyelwa kwezinye ii-host kwi-LAN. Umzekelo, isoftware ye-LAN efana neFeiqiu esiyisebenzisayo idlulisela idatha kwezinye ii-host ngeswitshi. Nangona kunjalo, i-LAN esekwe yiswitshi ayinakufikelela kwinethiwekhi yangaphandle (oko kukuthi, i-Intanethi). Ngeli xesha, i-router iyadingeka "ukusivulela ucango lwehlabathi elimangalisayo elingaphandle". Zonke ii-host kwi-LAN zisebenzisa i-IP yenethiwekhi yabucala, ngoko ke kufuneka. Inethiwekhi yangaphandle inokufikelelwa kuphela emva kokuba i-router iguqulwe yaba yi-IP yenethiwekhi kawonkewonke.
(5) Indawo yengxabano kunye nendawo yokusasazwa kweendaba
Iswitshi yahlula idomeyini yengxabano, kodwa ayahluli idomeyini yosasazo, ngelixa i-router yahlula idomeyini yosasazo. Amacandelo enethiwekhi aqhagamshelwe yiswitshi asesedomeyini yosasazo efanayo, kwaye iipakethi zedatha yosasazo ziya kudluliselwa kuzo zonke iidomeyini zenethiwekhi eziqhagamshelwe yiswitshi. Kule meko, kuya kubangela izivunguvungu zosasazo kunye nobuthathaka bokhuseleko. Icandelo lenethiwekhi eliqhagamshelwe kwi-router liya kunikwa idomeyini yosasazo engenakufikeleleka, kwaye i-router ayizukudlulisela idatha yosasazo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ipakethi yedatha ye-unicast iya kuthunyelwa ngokukodwa kwi-host ekujoliswe kuyo yiswitshi kwinethiwekhi yendawo, kwaye ezinye ii-host aziyi kufumana idatha. Oku kwahlukile kwi-hub yokuqala. Ixesha lokufika kwedatha limiselwa lizinga lokudlulisela leswitshi. Iswitshi iya kuthumela idatha yokusasaza kuzo zonke ii-host kwi-LAN.
Into yokugqibela ekufuneka uyiqaphele kukuba ii-routers ngokubanzi zinomsebenzi we-firewall, onokuzihluza ngokukhetha ezinye iipakethi zedatha yenethiwekhi. Ezinye ii-routers ngoku zinomsebenzi weswitshi (njengoko kubonisiwe ngasekunene kumfanekiso ongentla), kwaye ezinye iiswitshi zinomsebenzi we-router, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Layer 3 switches kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Xa kuthelekiswa, ii-routers zinomsebenzi onamandla ngakumbi kunee-switches, kodwa zicotha kwaye zibiza kakhulu. Ii-Layer 3 switches zinamandla okudlulisela phambili ii-switches kunye nemisebenzi emihle ye-routing yee-routers, ngoko ke zisetyenziswa kakhulu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-26-2021