(1) Ngokubukeka, sihlukanisa phakathi kwalokhu okubili
Ukushintsha kuvame ukuba nezimbobo eziningi futhi kubukeka kunzima.
Izimbobo zomzila zincane kakhulu futhi ivolumu incane kakhulu.
Eqinisweni, isithombe esingakwesokudla akusona i-router yangempela kodwa sihlanganisa umsebenzi we-router.Ngaphezu komsebenzi wokushintsha (imbobo ye-LAN isetshenziswa njengembobo yokushintsha, i-WAN iyimbobo esetshenziselwa ukuxhuma kunethiwekhi yangaphandle), futhi lezi ezimbili I-antenna iyindawo yokungena engenantambo ye-AP (okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-wireless). ebizwa ngokuthi i-wifi yenethiwekhi yendawo engenantambo).
(2) Amazinga ahlukene okusebenza:
Iswishi yasekuqaleni ibisebenza ** kungqimba lwesixhumanisi sedatha yemodeli yokuxhuma isistimu evulekile ye-OSI, ** okuyisendlalelo sesibili
I-router isebenza kungqimba yenethiwekhi yemodeli ye-OSI, okuyisendlalelo sesithathu
Ngenxa yalokhu, isimiso sokushintshwa silula.Ngokuvamile, amasekhethi ezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha asetshenziselwa ukubona ukudluliselwa kozimele bedatha.
I-router isebenza kungqimba yenethiwekhi futhi iphethe umsebenzi obalulekile wokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi.Ukuze isebenzise izimiso eziyisisekelo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ibe nemisebenzi ehlakaniphile yokwenza izinqumo zokudlulisela phambili, ngokuvamile isebenzisa isistimu yokusebenza kumzila ukuze isebenzise ama-algorithms omzila ayinkimbinkimbi, futhi ithambekele kakhulu ekusebenziseni isofthiwe.Umsebenzi wayo.
(3) Izinto zokudlulisa idatha zihlukile:
Iswishi iyisa phambili ozimele bedatha ngokusekelwe ekhelini le-MAC
Irutha idlulisela phambili ama-datagram/amaphakethe e-IP asekelwe ekhelini le-IP.
Uhlaka lwedatha luhlanganisa unhlokweni wozimele (umthombo we-MAC nendawo okuyiwa kuyo i-MAC, njll.) kanye nomsila wozimele (ukuhlola i-CRC. Ikhodi) ngesisekelo samaphakethe/amaphakethe wedatha ye-IP.Ngokuqondene nekheli le-MAC nekheli le-IP, ungase ungaqondi ukuthi kungani kudingeka amakheli amabili.Eqinisweni, ikheli le-IP linquma iphakethe ledatha lokugcina ukuze lifinyelele kumsingathi othile, futhi ikheli le-MAC linquma ukuthi iyiphi i-hop elandelayo ezosebenzisana nayo.Idivayisi (ngokuvamile irutha noma umsingathi).Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikheli le-IP litholwa yi-software, engachaza inethiwekhi lapho umsingathi ekhona, futhi ikheli le-MAC lenziwa ngehadiwe.Ikhadi lenethiwekhi ngalinye lizoqinisa okuwukuphela kwekheli le-MAC emhlabeni ku-ROM yekhadi lenethiwekhi lapho liphuma efekthri, ngakho ikheli le-MAC alikwazi Ukushintshwa, kodwa ikheli le-IP lingalungiswa futhi lilungiswe umlawuli wenethiwekhi.
(4) “Ukuhlukaniswa kwezisebenzi” kuhlukile
Iswishi isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwakha inethiwekhi yendawo, futhi umzila unesibopho sokuxhuma umsingathi kunethiwekhi yangaphandle.Abasingathi abaningi bangaxhunywa ekushintsheni ngentambo yenethiwekhi.Ngalesi sikhathi, i-LAN iyasungulwa, futhi idatha ingathunyelwa kwabanye abasingathi ku-LAN.Isibonelo, isofthiwe ye-LAN efana ne-Feiqiu sisebenzisa idatha yokudlulisela kwabanye abasingathi ngokushintsha.Nokho, i-LAN esungulwe ukushintsha ayikwazi ukufinyelela inethiwekhi yangaphandle (okungukuthi, i-Inthanethi).Ngalesi sikhathi, umzila uyadingeka ukuze “usivulele umnyango wezwe elimangalisayo elingaphandle”.Bonke ababungazi abaku-LAN basebenzisa i-IP yenethiwekhi yangasese, ngakho-ke kufanele Inethiwekhi yangaphandle ingafinyelelwa kuphela ngemva kokuba umzila uguqulelwe ku-IP yenethiwekhi yomphakathi.
(5) Isizinda sokungqubuzana nesizinda sokusakaza
Iswishi ihlukanisa isizinda sokungqubuzana, kodwa ayihlukanisi isizinda sokusakaza, kuyilapho umzila uhlukanisa isizinda sokusakaza.Amasegimenti enethiwekhi axhunywe ukushintsha asengawesizinda sokusakaza esifanayo, futhi amaphakethe edatha okusakaza azosakazwa kuwo wonke amasegimenti enethiwekhi axhunywe iswishi.Kulesi simo, izodala iziphepho zokusakaza nokuba sengozini kwezokuvikela.Ingxenye yenethiwekhi exhunywe kumzila izonikezwa isizinda sokusakaza esingafinyeleleki, futhi umzila ngeke udlulisele idatha yokusakaza.Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iphakethe ledatha le-unicast lizothunyelwa ngokuhlukile kumsingathi oqondiwe ngokushintsha kunethiwekhi yendawo, futhi abanye abasingathi ngeke bathole idatha.Lokhu kuhlukile kuhabhu yasekuqaleni.Isikhathi sokufika sedatha sinqunywa izinga lokudlulisela iswishi.Iswishi izodlulisela idatha yokusakaza kubo bonke abasingathi ku-LAN.
Into yokugcina okumele uyiqaphele ukuthi amarutha ngokuvamile anomsebenzi we-firewall, engahlunga ngokukhetha amanye amaphakethe edatha yenethiwekhi.Amanye ama-routers manje anomsebenzi wokushintsha (njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngakwesokudla emfanekisweni ongenhla), kanti amanye amaswishi anomsebenzi womzila, obizwa ngokuthi ama-switch Layer 3 futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi.Uma kuqhathaniswa, ama-routers anemisebenzi enamandla kunama-switch, kodwa futhi ahamba kancane futhi abiza kakhulu.Amaswishi esendlalelo sesi-3 anakho kokubili amandla omugqa wokudlulisela phambili amaswishi kanye nemisebenzi emihle yomzila wamarutha, ngakho asetshenziswa kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-26-2021