Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-fiber to the home (FTTH) isiqalile ukwaziswa yizinkampani zokuxhumana emhlabeni wonke, futhi ubuchwepheshe obuvumelayo buthuthuka ngokushesha. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezibalulekile zesistimu yokuxhumana kwe-FTTH broadband. Lezi yi-Active Optical Network (AON) kanye ne-Passive Optical Network (PON). Kuze kube manje, ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwe-FTTH ekuhleleni nasekusetshenzisweni kusebenzise i-PON ukonga izindleko ze-fiber. I-PON isanda kudonsela ukunaka ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi kanye nokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu. Kulesi sihloko, sizokwethula i-ABC ye-PON, ehilela kakhulu izingxenye eziyisisekelo kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene be-OLT, ONT, ONU kanye ne-ODN.
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukwethula i-PON kafushane. Ngokungafani ne-AON, amaklayenti amaningi axhunywe ku-transceiver eyodwa ngesihlahla segatsha se-optical fiber kanye nama-partitter/combiner units angasebenzi, asebenza ngokuphelele ku-optical domain, futhi akukho ukuphakelwa kwamandla ku-PON. Okwamanje kunezindinganiso ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-PON: i-Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) kanye ne-Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON). Kodwa-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-PON, zonke zine-topology efanayo eyisisekelo. Uhlelo lwayo luvame ukuba ne-optical line terminal (OLT) ehhovisi eliphakathi lomhlinzeki wesevisi kanye nama-optical network units amaningi (ONU) noma ama-optical network terminals (ONT) eduze komsebenzisi wokugcina njengama-optical splitter.
Itheminali Yomugqa Obonakalayo (i-OLT)
I-OLT ihlanganisa imishini yokushintsha ye-L2/L3 ohlelweni lwe-G/EPON. Ngokuvamile, imishini ye-OLT ifaka i-rack, i-CSM (imojula yokulawula nokushintsha), i-ELM (imojula yesixhumanisi se-EPON, ikhadi le-PON), imojula yokunikeza amandla e-48V DC noma imojula yokunikeza amandla ye-110/220V AC kanye nefeni. Kulezi zingxenye, ikhadi le-PON kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla kusekela ukushintshana okushisayo, kuyilapho amanye amamojula akhelwe ngaphakathi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-OLT ukulawula ukudluliswa kolwazi ngezindlela ezimbili ku-ODN etholakala ehhovisi eliphakathi. Ibanga eliphakeme elisekelwa ukudluliswa kwe-ODN lingamakhilomitha angama-20. I-OLT inezikhombisi ezimbili ezintantayo: phezulu (ukuthola izinhlobo ezahlukene zedatha kanye nethrafikhi yezwi kubasebenzisi) kanye naphansi (ukuthola idatha, ithrafikhi yezwi nevidiyo kusuka kumanethiwekhi e-metro noma amabanga amade, nokuyithumela kuwo wonke ama-ONT ku-Module yenethiwekhi) i-ODN.
Iyunithi Yenethiwekhi Yokukhanya (i-ONU)
I-ONU iguqula izimpawu zokukhanya ezidluliselwa ngemicu yokukhanya zibe izimpawu zikagesi. Lezi zimpawu zikagesi zibe sezithunyelwa kumsebenzisi ngamunye. Ngokuvamile, kuba nebanga noma enye inethiwekhi yokufinyelela phakathi kwe-ONU nendlu yomsebenzisi wokugcina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ONU ingathumela, ihlanganise futhi ihlele izinhlobo ezahlukene zedatha ezivela kumakhasimende, bese iyithumela phezulu ku-OLT. Ukuhlela inqubo yokwenza ngcono nokuhlela kabusha umfudlana wedatha, ukuze ihanjiswe kahle kakhulu. I-OLT isekela ukwabiwa kwe-bandwidth, okuvumela idatha ukuthi idluliselwe kahle ku-OLT, okuvame ukuba yisenzakalo esingazelelwe esivela kumakhasimende. I-ONU ingaxhunywa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene nezinhlobo zekhebula, njengocingo lwethusi olujijekile, ikhebula le-coaxial, i-fiber yokukhanya noma i-Wi-Fi.
Itheminali Yenethiwekhi Yokukhanya (i-ONT)
Eqinisweni, i-ONT ifana kakhulu ne-ONU. I-ONT yigama le-ITU-T, kanti i-ONU yigama le-IEEE. Zonke zibhekisela emishinini eseceleni komsebenzisi ohlelweni lwe-GEPON. Kodwa empeleni, ngokwendawo ye-ONT kanye ne-ONU, kukhona umehluko phakathi kwazo. I-ONT ivame ukutholakala endaweni yamakhasimende.
Inethiwekhi Yokusabalalisa Okubonakalayo (i-ODN)
I-ODN iyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu ye-PON, ehlinzeka nge-optical transmission medium yokuxhumana okungokoqobo phakathi kwe-ONU ne-OLT. Ububanzi bokufinyelela bungamakhilomitha angama-20 noma ngaphezulu. Ku-ODN, izintambo ze-optical, izixhumi ze-optical, izihlukanisi ze-optical ezingasebenzi kanye nezingxenye ezisizayo ziyasebenzisana. I-ODN inezingxenye ezinhlanu ngqo, okuyi-feeder fiber, indawo yokusabalalisa i-optical, i-distribution fiber, indawo yokufinyelela i-optical kanye ne-incoming fiber. I-feeder fiber iqala kusukela kufreyimu yokusabalalisa i-optical (ODF) egumbini lokuxhumana lehhovisi eliphakathi (CO) futhi iphela endaweni yokusabalalisa ukukhanya ukuze imbozwe ibanga elide. I-distribution fiber kusukela endaweni yokusabalalisa i-optical kuya endaweni yokufinyelela i-optical isabalalisa i-optical fiber endaweni eseduze nayo. Ukwethulwa kwe-optical fiber kuxhuma indawo yokufinyelela i-optical ku-terminal (ONT) ukuze i-optical fiber ingene ekhaya lomsebenzisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ODN iyindlela ebalulekile yokudlulisa idatha ye-PON, futhi ikhwalithi yayo ithinta ngqo ukusebenza, ukuthembeka kanye nokukhula kohlelo lwe-PON.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 31-2021