Mu myaka ya vuba aha, fibre to the home (FTTH) yatangiye guhabwa agaciro n'ibigo by'itumanaho hirya no hino ku isi, kandi ikoranabuhanga rituma habaho iterambere ryihuse. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa sisitemu yo guhuza umuyoboro wa interineti wa FTTH. Ubwo ni Active Optical Network (AON) na Passive Optical Network (PON). Kugeza ubu, inyinshi mu nzego za FTTH mu igenamigambi no mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryazo zakoresheje PON kugira ngo zigabanye ikiguzi cya fibre. PON iherutse gukurura abantu benshi bitewe n'igiciro cyayo gito n'imikorere yayo iri hejuru. Muri iyi nkuru, tuzabagezaho ABC ya PON, ikubiyemo ahanini ibice by'ibanze n'ikoranabuhanga rijyanye na OLT, ONT, ONU na ODN.
Ubwa mbere, ni ngombwa gushyiramo PON muri make. Bitandukanye na AON, abakiriya benshi bahuzwa na transceiver imwe binyuze mu giti cy’ishami rya fibre optique na passive splitter/combiner units, zikora neza muri optique domain, kandi nta ngufu zihari muri PON. Kuri ubu hari amahame abiri y’ingenzi ya PON: Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) na Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON). Ariko, uko ubwoko bwa PON bwaba buri kose, zose zifite topology imwe y’ibanze. Sisitemu yayo ubusanzwe igizwe na terminal ya optique line (OLT) mu biro bikuru by’umutanga serivisi hamwe na units nyinshi za optique network (ONU) cyangwa terminal za optique network (ONT) hafi y’umukoresha wa nyuma nk’uduce twa optique.
Umuyoboro w'Umurongo Ukoresha Ijwi (OLT)
OLT ihuza ibikoresho byo guhinduranya L2/L3 muri sisitemu ya G/EPON. Muri rusange, ibikoresho bya OLT birimo rack, CSM (module yo kugenzura no guhinduranya), ELM (module yo guhuza EPON, ikarita ya PON), module yo gutanga amashanyarazi ya 48V DC cyangwa module yo gutanga amashanyarazi ya 110/220V AC na fan. Muri ibi bice, ikarita ya PON n'amashanyarazi bishyigikira guhinduranya amakuru mu buryo bushyushye, mu gihe izindi module ziba zubatswemo. Inshingano nyamukuru ya OLT ni ukugenzura uburyo amakuru yoherezwa mu buryo bubiri kuri ODN iherereye mu biro bikuru. Intera ntarengwa ishyigikiwe no gutumanaho kwa ODN ni kilometero 20. OLT ifite icyerekezo kibiri cyo kureremba: hejuru (kubona ubwoko butandukanye bw'amakuru n'urujya n'uruza rw'amajwi kuva ku bakoresha) no hasi (kubona amakuru, urujya n'uruza rw'amajwi n'amashusho kuva kuri metro cyangwa kure, no kuyohereza kuri ONT zose kuri module ya network) ODN.
Ishami ry'umuyoboro w'urusobe rw'amajwi (ONU)
ONU ihindura ibimenyetso by'urumuri byoherezwa binyuze mu migozi y'urumuri mo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi. Ibi bimenyetso by'amashanyarazi byoherezwa kuri buri mukoresha. Ubusanzwe, hari intera cyangwa undi muyoboro wo kwinjira hagati ya ONU n'inzu y'umukoresha wa nyuma. Byongeye kandi, ONU ishobora kohereza, gukusanya no gutunganya ubwoko butandukanye bw'amakuru aturutse ku bakiriya, hanyuma ikayohereza muri OLT. Gutunganya ni inzira yo kunoza no gutunganya amakuru, kugira ngo ashobore gutangwa neza kurushaho. OLT ishyigikira uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru, butuma amakuru yoherezwa neza muri OLT, ubusanzwe biba ari ikintu gitunguranye kivuye ku mukiriya. ONU ishobora guhuzwa hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye n'ubwoko bw'insinga, nk'insinga z'umuringa zigoswe, insinga ya coaxial, fibre y'urumuri cyangwa Wi-Fi.
Umuyoboro w'itumanaho rya optique (ONT)
Mu by’ukuri, ONT ni kimwe na ONU. ONT ni ijambo rya ITU-T, naho ONU ikaba ijambo rya IEEE. Yose yerekeza ku bikoresho byo ku ruhande rw’umukoresha muri sisitemu ya GEPON. Ariko mu by’ukuri, ukurikije aho ONT na ONU biherereye, hari itandukaniro hagati yabyo. ONT ikunze kuba mu kigo cy’abakiriya.
Umuyoboro wo Gukwirakwiza Amajwi (ODN)
ODN ni igice cy'ingenzi cya sisitemu ya PON, itanga uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru bw'urumuri ku buryo bufatika hagati ya ONU na OLT. Intera yo kugera ni kilometero 20 cyangwa zirenga. Muri ODN, insinga z'urumuri, imiyoboro y'urumuri, ibice by'urumuri bidakoresha imbaraga n'ibindi bikoresho by'inyongera bikorana. ODN ifite by'umwihariko ibice bitanu, ari byo fibre yo kohereza amakuru, aho kohereza amakuru, fibre yo kohereza amakuru, aho kohereza amakuru n'imiyoboro yinjiye. Fibre yo kohereza amakuru ihera ku gitereko cy'urumuri (ODF) mu cyumba cy'itumanaho cy'ibiro bikuru (CO) ikarangira aho kohereza amakuru kugira ngo igere kure. Fibre yo kohereza amakuru kuva aho kohereza amakuru kugeza aho kohereza amakuru ikwirakwira mu gace kari iruhande rwayo. Kwinjizwa kwa fibre yo kohereza amakuru bihuza aho kohereza amakuru n'aho kohereza amakuru (ONT) kugira ngo fibre yo kohereza amakuru yinjire mu rugo rw'umukoresha. Byongeye kandi, ODN ni inzira y'ingenzi yo kohereza amakuru ya PON, kandi ubwiza bwayo bugira ingaruka ku mikorere, kwizerwa no kwaguka kwa sisitemu ya PON.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 31-2021