I ngā tau tata nei, kua tīmata te whakanui i te muka ki te kāinga (FTTH) e ngā kamupene whakawhitiwhiti kōrero huri noa i te ao, ā, kei te tere haere te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau whakahohe. E rua ngā momo pūnaha nui mō ngā hononga whānui FTTH. Ko ēnei ko te Whatunga Whatu Kaha (AON) me te Whatunga Whatu Āhua Kore (PON). Tae noa ki tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o ngā whakatinanatanga FTTH i roto i te whakamahere me te whakatinanatanga kua whakamahi i te PON hei penapena i ngā utu muka. Kua arohia te PON i ngā wā tata nei nā te iti o te utu me te teitei o te mahi. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka whakaatuhia e mātou te ABC o te PON, e uru ana ki ngā wāhanga taketake me ngā hangarau e pā ana ki te OLT, ONT, ONU me te ODN.
Tuatahi, me whakamōhio poto te PON. He rerekē ki te AON, he maha ngā kiritaki e hono ana ki tētahi taputapu whakawhiti kotahi mā te rākau peka o te muka whatu me ngā waeine wehewehe/whakakotahi kore mahi, e mahi katoa ana i roto i te rohe whatu, ā, kāore he pūtake hiko i roto i te PON. E rua ngā paerewa matua o te PON i tēnei wā: ko te Whatunga Whatu Kore Mahi Gigabit (GPON) me te Whatunga Whatu Kore Mahi Ethernet (EPON). Heoi, ahakoa te momo PON, he rite tonu te āhua o te katoa. Ko tōna pūnaha he mea hanga ki tētahi pito raina whatu (OLT) i roto i te tari matua o te kaiwhakarato ratonga me te maha o ngā waeine whatunga whatu (ONU) me ngā pito whatunga whatu (ONT) e tata ana ki te kaiwhakamahi whakamutunga hei wehewehe whatu.
Teihana Raina Whatu (OLT)
Ka whakauruhia e te OLT ngā taputapu whakawhiti L2/L3 ki roto i te pūnaha G/EPON. Ko te tikanga, kei roto i ngā taputapu OLT te whatanga, te CSM (kōwae whakahaere me te whakawhiti), te ELM (kōwae hononga EPON, kāri PON), te kōwae hiko tiaki-48V DC, te kōwae hiko AC 110/220V rānei me te pā. I roto i ēnei wāhanga, ka tautoko te kāri PON me te pūtake hiko i te whakawhiti wera, ā, kua hangaia ētahi atu kōwae ki roto. Ko te mahi matua o te OLT ko te whakahaere i te tuku kōrero e rua-ara i runga i te ODN kei roto i te tari matua. Ko te tawhiti mōrahi e tautokona ana e te tuku ODN he 20 km. E rua ngā ahunga rere o te OLT: te whakarunga (te tiki i ngā momo raraunga me te reo rerekē mai i ngā kaiwhakamahi) me te whakararo (te tiki raraunga, reo me te ataata mai i ngā whatunga metro, tawhiti rānei, me te tuku atu ki ngā ONT katoa i runga i te Kōwae whatunga) ODN.
Wāhanga Whatunga Whatu (ONU)
Ka hurihia e te ONU ngā tohu whatu e tukuna ana mā roto i ngā muka whatu hei tohu hiko. Kātahi ka tukuna ēnei tohu hiko ki ia kaiwhakamahi. I te nuinga o te wā, he whatunga tawhiti, he whatunga urunga rānei i waenganui i te ONU me te whare o te kaiwhakamahi whakamutunga. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e te ONU te tuku, te kohikohi me te whakarite i ngā momo raraunga rerekē mai i ngā kiritaki, ka tukuna atu ki te OLT. Ko te whakarite te tukanga o te arotau me te whakarite anō i te rerenga raraunga, kia taea ai te tuku atu me te whai hua ake. Ka tautoko te OLT i te tohatoha whānui, e āhei ai te whakawhiti raraunga ki te OLT, he mea ohorere tēnei mai i te kiritaki. Ka taea te hono i te ONU mā roto i ngā tikanga me ngā momo taura rerekē, pērā i te waea parahi takirua miro, te taura coaxial, te muka whatu, te Wi-Fi rānei.
Teihana Whatunga Whatu (ONT)
Ina hoki, he rite tonu te ONT ki te ONU. He kupu ITU-T te ONT, ā, he kupu IEEE te ONU. E pā ana ēnei katoa ki ngā taputapu taha-kaiwhakamahi i roto i te pūnaha GEPON. Engari, i runga i te wāhi o te ONT me te ONU, he rerekētanga kei waenganui i a rāua. Ko te tikanga kei te wāhi o te kiritaki te ONT.
Whatunga Tohatoha Whatu (ODN)
He wāhanga nui te ODN o te pūnaha PON, e whakarato ana i tētahi reo whakawhiti whatu mō te hononga ā-tinana i waenga i te ONU me te OLT. Ko te whānuitanga o te toronga he 20 kiromita, neke atu rānei. I roto i te ODN, ka mahi tahi ngā taura whatu, ngā hononga whatu, ngā wehewehe whatu kore mahi me ngā wāhanga āwhina. E rima ngā wāhanga motuhake o te ODN, arā, ko te muka whāngai, te pūwāhi tohatoha whatu, te muka tohatoha, te pūwāhi urunga whatu me te muka taumai. Ka tīmata te muka whāngai mai i te anga tohatoha whatu (ODF) i roto i te rūma whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tari matua (CO) ka mutu ki te pūwāhi tohatoha mārama mō te kapinga tawhiti. Ka tohatohahia e te muka tohatoha mai i te pūwāhi tohatoha whatu ki te pūwāhi urunga whatu te muka whatu ki te rohe e tata ana. Mā te whakaurunga o te muka whatu ka honoa te pūwāhi urunga whatu ki te pūrua (ONT) kia uru ai te muka whatu ki te kāinga o te kaiwhakamahi. Hei tāpiri, he ara tino nui te ODN mō te tuku raraunga PON, ā, ko tōna kounga ka pā tika ki te mahi, te pono me te tauine o te pūnaha PON.
Te wā tuku: Hakihea-31-2021