M'zaka zaposachedwapa, fiber to the home (FTTH) yayamba kukondedwa ndi makampani olankhulana padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ukadaulo wothandiza ukukula mofulumira. Pali mitundu iwiri yofunika kwambiri ya makina olumikizirana a FTTH. Izi ndi Active Optical Network (AON) ndi Passive Optical Network (PON). Pakadali pano, ma FTTH ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera ndi kukhazikitsa agwiritsa ntchito PON kuti asunge ndalama za fiber. PON yakhala ikukopa chidwi posachedwapa chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba. M'nkhaniyi, tikuwonetsa ABC ya PON, yomwe makamaka imakhudza zigawo zoyambira ndi ukadaulo wogwirizana wa OLT, ONT, ONU ndi ODN.
Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa PON mwachidule. Mosiyana ndi AON, makasitomala ambiri amalumikizidwa ku transceiver imodzi kudzera mu nthambi ya fiber optical ndi mayunitsi ophatikiza/opanda mphamvu, omwe amagwira ntchito yonse mu optical domain, ndipo palibe magetsi mu PON. Pakadali pano pali miyezo iwiri yayikulu ya PON: Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) ndi Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON). Komabe, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa PON, onse ali ndi topology yofanana. Dongosolo lake nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi optical line terminal (OLT) mu ofesi yayikulu ya opereka chithandizo ndi mayunitsi ambiri a optical network (ONU) kapena ma optical network terminals (ONT) pafupi ndi wogwiritsa ntchito ngati optical splitters.
Malo Opangira Mzere Wowala (OLT)
OLT imaphatikiza zida zosinthira za L2/L3 mu dongosolo la G/EPON. Kawirikawiri, zida za OLT zimaphatikizapo rack, CSM (module yowongolera ndi kusintha), ELM (module ya EPON link, khadi la PON), chitetezo chowonjezera -48V DC power supply module kapena module yamagetsi ya 110/220V AC ndi fan. M'magawo awa, khadi la PON ndi magetsi zimathandiza kusinthana kwa hot, pomwe ma module ena amamangidwa mkati. Ntchito yayikulu ya OLT ndikuwongolera kutumiza kwa chidziwitso m'njira ziwiri pa ODN yomwe ili mu ofesi yayikulu. Mtunda wapamwamba kwambiri wothandizidwa ndi kutumiza kwa ODN ndi 20 km. OLT ili ndi njira ziwiri zoyandama: kumtunda (kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya deta ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito) ndi kumunsi (kupeza deta, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ndi makanema kuchokera ku ma network a metro kapena akutali, ndikutumiza ku ma ONT onse pa netiweki ya Module) ODN.
Chigawo cha Network cha Optical (ONU)
ONU imasintha ma signal a kuwala omwe amatumizidwa kudzera mu ulusi wa kuwala kukhala ma signal amagetsi. Ma signal amagetsi awa amatumizidwa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense. Nthawi zambiri, pamakhala mtunda kapena netiweki ina yolumikizirana pakati pa ONU ndi nyumba ya wogwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ONU imatha kutumiza, kuphatikiza ndi kukonza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya deta kuchokera kwa makasitomala, ndikutumiza ku OLT. Kukonzekera ndi njira yowongolera ndikukonzanso mtsinje wa deta, kuti iperekedwe bwino kwambiri. OLT imathandizira kugawa kwa bandwidth, komwe kumalola kuti deta isamutsidwe bwino ku OLT, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwadzidzidzi kuchokera kwa kasitomala. ONU imatha kulumikizidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya zingwe, monga waya wopindika wa mkuwa, chingwe cha coaxial, ulusi wa kuwala kapena Wi-Fi.
Malo Olumikizirana ndi Ma Network (ONT)
Ndipotu, ONT kwenikweni ndi yofanana ndi ONU. ONT ndi mawu a ITU-T, ndipo ONU ndi mawu a IEEE. Onsewa amatanthauza zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dongosolo la GEPON. Koma kwenikweni, malinga ndi komwe ONT ndi ONU zili, pali kusiyana pakati pawo. ONT nthawi zambiri imakhala pamalo a makasitomala.
Netiweki Yogawa Ma Optical (ODN)
ODN ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la dongosolo la PON, lomwe limapereka njira yolumikizirana pakati pa ONU ndi OLT. Kufikirako kuli makilomita 20 kapena kuposerapo. Mu ODN, zingwe zowunikira, zolumikizira zowunikira, zogawa zowunikira zosagwira ntchito ndi zigawo zothandizira zimagwirizana. ODN ili ndi magawo asanu, omwe ndi ulusi wodyetsa, malo ogawa, ulusi wogawa, malo olowera ndi ulusi wolowera. Ulusi wodyetsa umayamba kuchokera ku chimango chogawa (ODF) m'chipinda cholumikizirana cha ofesi yapakati (CO) ndikutha pamalo ogawa kuwala kuti ufike patali. Ulusi wogawa kuchokera pamalo ogawa kuwala kupita kumalo olowera kuwala umagawa ulusi wowunikira kudera lomwe lili pafupi nawo. Kuyambitsa ulusi wowunikira kumalumikiza malo olowera kuwala ku terminal (ONT) kuti ulusi wowunikira ulowe m'nyumba ya wogwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ODN ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yotumizira deta ya PON, ndipo khalidwe lake limakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito, kudalirika komanso kukula kwa dongosolo la PON.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala 31-2021