I-PON: Qonda i-OLT, i-ONU, i-ONT kunye ne-ODN

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-fiber to the home (FTTH) iqalile ukuxatyiswa ziinkampani zonxibelelwano kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye ubuchwepheshe obuvumelayo buphuhla ngokukhawuleza. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zenkqubo yoqhagamshelo lwe-FTTH broadband. Ezi yi-Active Optical Network (AON) kunye ne-Passive Optical Network (PON). Okwangoku, uninzi lweenkqubo ze-FTTH ekucwangciseni nasekusetyenzisweni kwazo zisebenzise i-PON ukonga iindleko ze-fiber. I-PON isandula ukutsala ingqalelo ngenxa yeendleko zayo eziphantsi kunye nokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu. Kweli nqaku, siza kwazisa i-ABC ye-PON, ebandakanya ikakhulu izinto ezisisiseko kunye nobuchwepheshe obuhambelanayo be-OLT, ONT, ONU kunye ne-ODN.

Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukwazisa i-PON ngokufutshane. Ngokungafaniyo ne-AON, abathengi abaninzi baqhagamshelwe kwi-transceiver enye ngokusebenzisa umthi wesebe le-optical fiber kunye nee-passive splitter/combiner units, ezisebenza ngokupheleleyo kwi-optical domain, kwaye akukho mbane kwi-PON. Okwangoku kukho imigangatho emibini ephambili ye-PON: i-Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) kunye ne-Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON). Nangona kunjalo, nokuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-PON, zonke zine-topology efanayo esisiseko. Inkqubo yayo idla ngokuba ne-optical line terminal (OLT) kwi-ofisi ephakathi yomboneleli wenkonzo kunye nee-optical network units ezininzi (ONU) okanye ii-optical network terminals (ONT) kufutshane nomsebenzisi wokugqibela njenge-optical splitters.

Isiphelo soMgca woMbane oBonisiweyo (OLT)

I-OLT idibanisa izixhobo zokutshintsha ze-L2/L3 kwinkqubo ye-G/EPON. Ngokubanzi, izixhobo ze-OLT ziquka i-rack, i-CSM (imodyuli yokulawula nokutshintsha), i-ELM (imodyuli yekhonkco ye-EPON, ikhadi le-PON), i-redundant protection -48V DC power supply module okanye i-110/220V AC power supply module kunye nefeni. Kwezi ndawo, ikhadi le-PON kunye ne-power supply zixhasa ukutshintshiselana okushushu, ngelixa ezinye iimodyuli zakhiwe ngaphakathi. Umsebenzi ophambili we-OLT kukulawula ukuhanjiswa kolwazi ngeendlela ezimbini kwi-ODN ekwi-ofisi ephakathi. Umgama ophezulu oxhaswa yi-ODN transmission yi-20 km. I-OLT ineendlela ezimbini ezidadayo: phezulu (ukufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zedatha kunye ne-voice traffic kubasebenzisi) kunye nokwehla (ukufumana idatha, i-voice kunye ne-video traffic kwiinethiwekhi ze-metro okanye ezikude, kwaye uyithumele kuzo zonke ii-ONTs kwi-network Module) ODN.

Iyunithi yeNethiwekhi yoBuchule (i-ONU)

I-ONU iguqula imiqondiso ye-optical edluliselwa ngeefayibha ze-optical ibe yimiqondiso yombane. Ezi miqondiso zombane emva koko zithunyelwa kumsebenzisi ngamnye. Ngokwesiqhelo, kukho umgama okanye olunye uthungelwano lokufikelela phakathi kwe-ONU kunye nendlu yomsebenzisi wokugqibela. Ukongeza, i-ONU inokuthumela, ihlanganise kwaye ihlele iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zedatha evela kubathengi, kwaye iyithumele phezulu kwi-OLT. Ukuhlela yinkqubo yokwenza ngcono kunye nokulungelelanisa kwakhona umjelo wedatha, ukuze ihanjiswe ngokufanelekileyo. I-OLT ixhasa ukwabiwa kwe-bandwidth, okuvumela idatha ukuba idluliselwe kakuhle kwi-OLT, edla ngokuba sisiganeko esingalindelekanga esivela kumthengi. I-ONU inokuqhagamshelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo zeentambo, ezifana nocingo lwe-copper olujijekileyo, intambo ye-coaxial, i-optical fiber okanye i-Wi-Fi.

Isiphelo seNethiwekhi ye-Optical (ONT)

Enyanisweni, i-ONT ifana kakhulu ne-ONU. I-ONT ligama le-ITU-T, kwaye i-ONU ligama le-IEEE. Zonke zibhekisa kwizixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi kwinkqubo ye-GEPON. Kodwa eneneni, ngokwendawo ye-ONT kunye ne-ONU, kukho umahluko phakathi kwazo. I-ONT idla ngokuba kwindawo yabathengi.

Inethiwekhi yoSasazo lweOptical (ODN)

I-ODN yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo ye-PON, ebonelela ngesixhobo sokudlulisa ukukhanya ukuze kubekho unxibelelwano olubonakalayo phakathi kwe-ONU kunye ne-OLT. Uluhlu lokufikelela luziikhilomitha ezingama-20 nangaphezulu. Kwi-ODN, iintambo ze-optical, izihlanganisi ze-optical, izihluzi ze-optical ezingasebenziyo kunye nezinto ezincedisayo ziyasebenzisana. I-ODN ngokukodwa inamacandelo amahlanu, ayi-feeder fiber, indawo yokusasaza ukukhanya, i-distribution fiber, indawo yokufikelela ukukhanya kunye ne-incoming fiber. I-feeder fiber iqala kwi-optical distribution frame (ODF) kwigumbi lonxibelelwano lwe-ofisi ephakathi (CO) kwaye iphela kwindawo yokusasaza ukukhanya ukuze kugqunywe umgama omde. I-distribution fiber ukusuka kwindawo yokusasaza ukukhanya ukuya kwindawo yokufikelela ukukhanya isasaza i-optical fiber kwindawo esecaleni kwayo. Ukungeniswa kwe-optical fiber kudibanisa indawo yokufikelela ukukhanya kwi-terminal (ONT) ukuze i-optical fiber ingene ekhayeni lomsebenzisi. Ukongeza, i-ODN yindlela ebalulekileyo yokusasaza idatha ye-PON, kwaye umgangatho wayo uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza, ukuthembeka kunye nokukhula kwenkqubo ye-PON.