Ngokuthuthuka kwenethiwekhi kanye nokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, abakhiqizi abaningi bezingxenye ze-fiber optic bavele emakethe, bezama ukuthola ingxenye yomhlaba wenethiwekhi. Njengoba laba bakhiqizi bekhiqiza izingxenye ezahlukahlukene, umgomo wabo ukwenza izingxenye ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezihambisanayo ukuze amakhasimende akwazi ukuxuba izingxenye ezahlukene ezivela kubakhiqizi abahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa yezinkinga zezimali, njengoba izikhungo eziningi zedatha zihlala zifuna izixazululo ezingabizi kakhulu zokusebenzisa kumanethiwekhi azo.
Ama-transceiver opticalziyingxenye ebalulekile yamanethiwekhi e-fiber optic. Ziguqula futhi ziqhuba ikhebula le-fiber optic kuyo. Zakhiwa izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-transmitter kanye ne-receiver. Uma kukhulunywa ngokulungiswa nokuxazulula izinkinga, kubalulekile ukukwazi ukubikezela, ukuhlola, nokuthola ukuthi izinkinga zingaba khona noma zike zenzeke kuphi. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma uxhumano lungahlangabezani nesilinganiso sephutha le-bit esilindelekile, asikwazi ukusho ekuqaleni ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yoxhumano ebangela inkinga. Kungaba ikhebula, i-transceiver, i-receiver noma kokubili. Ngokuvamile, imininingwane kufanele iqinisekise ukuthi noma yimuphi umamukeli uzosebenza kahle nanoma yimuphi umamukeli wesimo esibi kakhulu, futhi okuphambene nalokho, noma yimuphi umamukeli uzonikeza isignali yekhwalithi eyanele ukuthi ithathwe yinoma yimuphi umamukeli wesimo esibi kakhulu. Izindlela ezimbi kakhulu zivame ukuba yingxenye enzima kakhulu ukuyichaza. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile kunezinyathelo ezine zokuhlola izingxenye ze-transmitter kanye ne-receiver ze-transceiver.
Uma kuhlolwa isigaba somthumeli, ukuhlolwa kuhlanganisa ukuhlola ubude be-wavelength kanye nesimo sesignali yokuphuma. Kunezinyathelo ezimbili zokuhlola umthumeli:
Ukukhishwa kokukhanya kwe-transmitter kumele kuhlolwe ngosizo lwezilinganiso eziningana zekhwalithi yokukhanya, njengokuhlolwa kwemaski, i-optical modulation amplitude (OMA), kanye ne-extinction ratio. Hlola usebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwemaski ye-eye diagram, indlela evamile yokubuka ama-waveform e-transmitter nokunikeza ulwazi mayelana nokusebenza kwe-transmitter iyonke. Ku-eye diagram, zonke izinhlanganisela zamaphethini edatha zibekwe phezu komunye nomunye ku-axis yesikhathi evamile, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwezikhathi ezimbili ububanzi. Ingxenye yokwamukela ukuhlolwa iyingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yenqubo, kodwa futhi kunezinyathelo ezimbili zokuhlola:
Ingxenye yokuqala yokuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umamukeli angathatha isignali yekhwalithi embi ayiguqule. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuthumela ukukhanya kwekhwalithi embi kumamukeli. Njengoba lokhu kuyisignali yokukhanya, kumele ilinganiswe kusetshenziswa izilinganiso ze-jitter kanye namandla okukhanya. Enye ingxenye yokuhlolwa ukuhlola okokufaka kukagesi kumamukeli. Phakathi nalesi sinyathelo, izinhlobo ezintathu zokuhlolwa kumele zenziwe: ukuhlolwa kwemaski yamehlo ukuqinisekisa ukuvulwa kwamehlo okukhulu ngokwanele, ukuhlolwa kwe-jitter ukuhlola izinhlobo ezithile zenani le-jitter kanye nokuhlolwa kokubekezelela i-jitter, kanye nokuhlolwa kwekhono lomamukeli lokulandelela i-jitter ngaphakathi kwe-bandwidth ye-loop.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba 13-2022