Ni gute wapima transceivers za fiber optique?

Bitewe n’iterambere ry’umuyoboro w’itumanaho n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, abakora ibikoresho byinshi bya fiber optique bagaragaye ku isoko, bagerageza kwigarurira igice cy’isi y’umuyoboro w’itumanaho. Kubera ko aba bakora ibikoresho bitandukanye, intego yabo ni ugukora ibikoresho byiza kandi bihuye neza kugira ngo abakiriya babashe kuvanga ibice bitandukanye bivuye mu nganda zitandukanye. Ibi biterwa ahanini n’ibibazo by’imari, kuko ibigo byinshi by’amakuru bihora bishakisha ibisubizo bihendutse byo gushyira mu bikorwa mu miyoboro yabyo.

Imashini zitanga urumuri (transceivers)ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'imiyoboro ya fiber optique. Bahindura kandi bagakoresha insinga ya fiber optique. Bagizwe n'ibice bibiri by'ingenzi: transmitter na receiver. Ku bijyanye no kubungabunga no gukemura ibibazo, ni ngombwa kubasha guhanura, gusuzuma no kuvumbura aho ibibazo bishobora kubaho cyangwa byabayeho. Rimwe na rimwe, iyo connection itujuje igipimo cy'ikosa ryitezwe rya bit, ntabwo dushobora kumenya igice cy'connection gitera ikibazo. Bishobora kuba insinga, transceiver, receiver cyangwa byombi. Muri rusange, ibisobanuro bigomba kwemeza ko receiver iyo ari yo yose izakorana neza na transmitter iyo ari yo yose, kandi transmitter iyo ari yo yose izatanga ikimenyetso cy'ubuziranenge buhagije kugira ngo ifatwe na receiver iyo ari yo yose. Ibipimo bibi cyane akenshi ni byo bigoye gusobanura. Ariko, akenshi hari intambwe enye zo kugerageza ibice bya transmitter na receiver bya transceiver.

Mu gupima igice cy’itumanaho, gupima birimo gupima uburebure bw’umurambararo n’imiterere y’ikimenyetso gisohoka. Hari intambwe ebyiri zo gupima itumanaho:

Umusaruro w'urumuri rw'icyuma gitanga urumuri ugomba kugeragezwa hifashishijwe ibipimo byinshi by'ubwiza bw'urumuri, nko gupima mask, amplitude ya optique modulation (OMA), na extinction ratio. Isuzuma hakoreshejwe gupima mask ya eye diagram, uburyo busanzwe bwo kureba imiraba ya transmitter no gutanga amakuru yerekeye imikorere rusange ya transmitter. Muri diagram y'ijisho, imiterere yose y'amakuru ihurirana kuri buri kimwe ku murongo uhuriweho w'igihe, ubusanzwe munsi y'ibihe bibiri. Igice cyakira isuzuma ni cyo gice kigoye cyane muri iki gikorwa, ariko hari n'intambwe ebyiri z'igerageza:

Igice cya mbere cy'ikizamini ni ukwemeza ko icyuma gifata urumuri gishobora gufata ikimenyetso kibi kikagihindura. Ibi bikorwa wohereza urumuri rudakora neza kuri icyuma gifata urumuri. Kubera ko iki ari ikimenyetso cy'urumuri, kigomba gupimwa hakoreshejwe ibipimo bya jitter n'ingufu z'urumuri. Ikindi gice cy'ikizamini ni ukugerageza amashanyarazi yinjira kuri icyuma gifata urumuri. Muri iki cyiciro, hagomba gukorwa ubwoko butatu bw'ibizamini: ikizamini cya mask y'amaso kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ijisho rifunguye neza bihagije, ikizamini cya jitter kugira ngo hamenyekane ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'ingano ya jitter n'ikizamini cyo kwihanganira jitter, no gupima ubushobozi bwa icyuma gifata urumuri kugira ngo gikurikirane jitter muri yo muri bandwidth ya loop.