(1) Mai i te āhua, ka wehewehea e tātou ngā mea e rua
He maha ake ngā tauranga o ngā pana, ā, he āhua taumaha hoki.
He iti ake ngā tauranga o te pouara, ā, he iti ake te rōrahi.
Ina hoki, ehara te pikitia kei te taha matau i te pouara tūturu engari e whakauru ana i te mahi a te pouara. Haunga te mahi a te pana (ko te tauranga LAN te tauranga o te pana, ko te WAN te tauranga e whakamahia ana hei hono atu ki te whatunga o waho), ā, ko ngā mea e rua ko te pūihi te pūwāhi urunga AP ahokore (e kiia whānuitia ana ko te whatunga rohe ahokore wifi).
(2) Ngā taumata mahi rerekē:
I mahi te pana taketake i te ** paparanga hononga raraunga o te tauira hononga pūnaha tuwhera OSI, ** koinei te paparanga tuarua.
Ka mahi te pouara i te paparanga whatunga o te tauira OSI, koinei te paparanga tuatoru.
Nā tēnei, he tino māmā noa iho te kaupapa o te pana. Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia ngā ara iahiko taputapu hei whakatutuki i te tuku whakamua o ngā anga raraunga.
Kei te paparanga whatunga te mahi a te pouara, ā, ko ia te kawenga mō te hononga whatunga. Hei whakatinana i ngā kawa uaua ake, hei whai hoki i ngā mahi whakatau tuku whakamua atamai ake, ko te tikanga ka whakahaerehia e ia he pūnaha whakahaere i roto i te pouara hei whakatinana i ngā rauropi ara uaua, ā, he pai ake te whakatinana i ngā pūmanawa. Ko tāna mahi.
(3) He rerekē ngā mea e tukuna ana ngā raraunga:
Ka tukuna ngā anga raraunga e te pana i runga i te wāhitau MAC
Ka tukuna e te pouara ngā raraunga/ngā mōkihi IP i runga i te wāhitau IP.
Ka whakakōpikopikohia e te anga raraunga te pane anga (te MAC pūtake me te MAC ūnga, me ētahi atu) me te hiku anga (tirotiro CRC. Waehere) i runga i te kaupapa o ngā mōkihi raraunga/mōkihi IP. Mō te wāhitau MAC me te wāhitau IP, kāore pea koe e mārama he aha i hiahiatia ai ngā wāhitau e rua. Inaa, ko te wāhitau IP te mea e whakatau ana i te mōkihi raraunga whakamutunga hei tae atu ki tētahi kaihautū, ā, ko te wāhitau MAC te mea e whakatau ana ko tēhea te mea ka taunekenekehia e te hop e whai ake nei. He taputapu (he pouara, he kaihautū rānei te tikanga). I tua atu, ka whakatinanahia te wāhitau IP e te pūmanawa, ka taea te whakaahua i te whatunga kei reira te kaihautū, ā, ka whakatinanahia te wāhitau MAC e te taputapu. Ka whakapūmau ia kāri whatunga i te wāhitau MAC kotahi o te ao i roto i te ROM o te kāri whatunga ina wehe atu i te wheketere, kia kore ai e taea te whakarerekē i te wāhitau MAC, engari ka taea te whirihora me te whakarerekē i te wāhitau IP e te kaiwhakahaere whatunga.
(4) He rerekē te "wehenga mahi"
Ko te nuinga o te wā, ka whakamahia te pana hei hanga i tētahi whatunga rohe, ā, ko te pouara te kawenga mō te hono i te kaihautū ki te whatunga o waho. Ka taea te hono i ngā kaihautū maha ki te pana mā te taura whatunga. I tēnei wā, ka whakatūria te LAN, ā, ka taea te tuku raraunga ki ētahi atu kaihautū i roto i te LAN. Hei tauira, ko te pūmanawa LAN pērā i a Feiqiu e whakamahia ana e tātou ka tuku raraunga ki ētahi atu kaihautū mā te pana. Heoi, kāore e taea e te LAN i whakatūria e te pana te uru atu ki te whatunga o waho (arā, te Ipurangi). I tēnei wā, me whai pouara hei "whakatuwhera i te tatau ki te ao whakamiharo o waho" mā tātou. Ka whakamahia e ngā kaihautū katoa i runga i te LAN te IP whatunga tūmataiti, nō reira me uru atu ki te whatunga o waho i muri i te hurihanga o te pouara ki te IP o te whatunga tūmatanui.
(5) Rohe pakanga me te rohe pāhoho
Ka wehea e te pana te rohe taupatupatu, engari kāore e wehea te rohe pāho, ko te pouara ia ka wehea te rohe pāho. Ko ngā wāhanga whatunga e honoa ana e te pana kei roto tonu i te rohe pāho kotahi, ā, ka tukuna ngā mōkihi raraunga pāho ki ngā wāhanga whatunga katoa e honoa ana e te pana. I tēnei wā, ka puta he āwhā pāho me ngā ngoikoretanga haumarutanga. Ka tohaina he rohe pāho kāore e taea te tae atu ki te wāhanga whatunga e honoa ana ki te pouara, ā, e kore te pouara e tuku raraunga pāho. Me mōhio ka tukuna motuhaketia te mōkihi raraunga unicast ki te kaihautū ūnga e te pana i roto i te whatunga rohe, ā, e kore ētahi atu kaihautū e whiwhi i ngā raraunga. He rerekē tēnei i te pokapū taketake. Ko te wā taenga mai o ngā raraunga ka whakatauhia e te tere tuku o te pana. Ka tukuna e te pana ngā raraunga pāho ki ngā kaihautū katoa i roto i te LAN.
Ko te mea whakamutunga hei mōhio ko ngā pouara he mahi ā-pātūahi te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te tātari i ētahi mōkihi raraunga whatunga. Kei ētahi pouara inaianei te mahi a te pana (e whakaaturia ana i te taha matau i te pikitia i runga ake nei), ā, ko ētahi pana he mahi a te pouara, e kiia nei ko ngā pana Papa 3, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Ki te whakataurite, he kaha ake ngā mahi a ngā pouara i ngā pana, engari he puhoi ake, he nui ake hoki te utu. Kei ngā pana Papa 3 te kaha tuku raina o ngā pana me ngā mahi ara pai o ngā pouara, nō reira e whakamahia whānuitia ana.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 26-2021