Iyini i-router?
Ama-router asetshenziswa kakhulu kumanethiwekhi endawo kanye namanethiwekhi endawo ebanzi. Angaxhuma amanethiwekhi amaningi noma izingxenye zenethiwekhi ukuze "ahumushe" ulwazi lwedatha phakathi kwamanethiwekhi ahlukene noma izingxenye zenethiwekhi, ukuze bakwazi "ukufundana" idatha yomunye nomunye ukuze bakhe i-inthanethi enkulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inemisebenzi efana nokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi, ukucubungula idatha, kanye nokuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi.
Kuyini ukushintsha
Kalula nje, iswishi, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-switching hub. Umehluko kusuka ku-router ukuthi ingaxhuma ohlotsheni olufanayo lwenethiwekhi, ixhumane nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamanethiwekhi (njenge-Ethernet kanye ne-Fast Ethernet), futhi yenze la makhompyutha akhe inethiwekhi.
Ingadlulisela amasignali kagesi futhi inikeze izindlela ezikhethekile zamasignali kagesi kunoma yimaphi ama-node amabili enethiwekhi axhunywe kuyo, ngaleyo ndlela igweme ukungqubuzana kokudlulisa kanye namachweba futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwe-broadband.
Izishintshi ezivamile zifaka phakathi izishintshi ze-Ethernet, izishintshi zenethiwekhi yendawo kanye nezishintshi ze-WAN, kanye nezishintshi ze-optical fiber kanye nezishintshi zezwi zocingo.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-router ne-switch:
1. Ngokombono osebenzayo, i-router inomsebenzi wokudayela obonakalayo, ongabela i-IP ngokuzenzakalelayo. Amakhompyutha axhunywe kwi-inthanethi angabelana nge-akhawunti ye-broadband ku-router efanayo, futhi amakhompyutha akunethiwekhi efanayo yendawo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, anganikeza izinsizakalo zomlilo. Iswishi ayinazo izinsizakalo nemisebenzi enjalo, kodwa ingadlulisela idatha ngokushesha ku-node yendawo ngokusebenzisa i-internal switching matrix, ngaleyo ndlela ilondoloze izinsiza zenethiwekhi futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle.
2. Ngokombono wento yokudlulisa idatha, i-router inquma ukuthi ikheli lokudlulisa idatha lisebenzisa inombolo ye-ID yenethiwekhi ehlukile, bese iswishi inquma ikheli lokudlulisa idatha ngokusebenzisa ikheli le-MAC noma ikheli elingokoqobo.
3. Kusukela ezingeni lokusebenza, i-router isebenza ngokusekelwe ekhelini le-IP futhi isebenza kusendlalelo senethiwekhi semodeli ye-OSI, esingaphatha iphrothokholi ye-TCP/IP; iswishi isebenza kusendlalelo sokudlulisa ngokusekelwe ekhelini le-MAC.
4. Ngokombono wokuhlukanisa, i-router ingahlukanisa isizinda sokusakaza, kanti iswishi ingahlukanisa isizinda sokungqubuzana kuphela.
5. Ngokombono wendawo yesicelo, ama-router asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuxhuma ama-LAN namanethiwekhi angaphandle, kanti amaswishi asetshenziswa kakhulu ekudluliseleni idatha kuma-LAN.
6. Ngokombono we-interface, kunezindawo ezintathu zokuxhumanisa i-router: i-AUI port, i-RJ-45 port, i-SC port, kunezindawo eziningi zokushintshanisa, njenge-Console port, i-MGMT interface, i-RJ45 port, i-optical fiber interface, i-auc interface, i-vty interface kanye ne-vlanif Interface, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-30-2021