Indlela yokwahlula ngokukhawuleza phakathi kweeswitshi kunye nee-routers

Yintoni i-router?

Ii-routers zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinethiwekhi zengingqi nakwiinethiwekhi zengingqi ezibanzi. Zingadibanisa iinethiwekhi ezininzi okanye iinxalenye zenethiwekhi ukuze “ziguqulele” ulwazi lwedatha phakathi kweenethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo okanye iinxalenye zenethiwekhi, ukuze “zifunde” idatha yomnye nomnye ukuze zenze i-intanethi enkulu. Kwangaxeshanye, inemisebenzi efana nolawulo lwenethiwekhi, ukucutshungulwa kwedatha, kunye nokunxibelelana kwenethiwekhi.

Yintoni iswitshi

Ngamafutshane, iswitshi, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-switching hub. Umahluko kwi-router kukuba inokunxibelelana nohlobo olufanayo lwenethiwekhi, iqhagamshelane neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zenethiwekhi (ezifana ne-Ethernet kunye ne-Fast Ethernet), kwaye zenze ezi khompyutha zenze inethiwekhi.

Ingathumela imiqondiso yombane kwaye ibonelele ngeendlela ezizodwa zemiqondiso yombane kuzo naziphi na ii-node ezimbini zenethiwekhi eziqhagamshelwe kuyo, ngaloo ndlela ithintela iingxabano zothumelo kunye nee-port kwaye iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwe-broadband.

Iiswitshi eziqhelekileyo ziquka iiswitshi ze-Ethernet, iiswitshi zenethiwekhi yendawo kunye neeswitshi ze-WAN, kunye neeswitshi ze-optical fiber kunye neeswitshi zelizwi zefowuni.

Umahluko phakathi kwe-router kunye neswitshi:

1. Ngokwembono yokusebenza, i-router inomsebenzi wokudayela obonakalayo, onokunika i-IP ngokuzenzekelayo. Iikhompyutha eziqhagamshelwe kwi-intanethi zinokubelana ngeakhawunti ye-broadband kwi-router efanayo, kwaye iikhompyutha zikwinethiwekhi efanayo yendawo. Kwangaxeshanye, inokubonelela ngeenkonzo zomlilo. Iswitshi ayinazo ezo nkonzo kunye nemisebenzi, kodwa inokudlulisa idatha ngokukhawuleza kwi-node yendawo nge-internal switching matrix, ngaloo ndlela igcina izixhobo zenethiwekhi kwaye iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle.

2. Ngokwembono yento yokudlulisela idatha, i-router igqiba ukuba idilesi yokudlulisela idatha isebenzisa inombolo yesazisi yenethiwekhi eyahlukileyo, kwaye iswitshi igqiba idilesi yokudlulisela idatha ngokusebenzisa idilesi ye-MAC okanye idilesi ebonakalayo.

3. Ukusuka kwinqanaba lokusebenza, i-router isebenza ngokusekelwe kwidilesi ye-IP kwaye isebenza kumaleko wenethiwekhi yemodeli ye-OSI, enokusingatha iprotocol ye-TCP/IP; iswitshi isebenza kumaleko we-relay ngokusekelwe kwidilesi ye-MAC.

4. Ngokwembono yokwahlulahlula, i-router ingahlulahlula i-domain yokusasaza, kwaye iswitshi ingahlulahlula i-domain yongquzulwano kuphela.

5. Ngokwembono yendawo yesicelo, ii-routers zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukuqhagamshela ii-LAN kunye neenethiwekhi zangaphandle, kwaye iiswitshi zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekudluliseleni idatha kwii-LAN.

6. Ngokwembono yojongano, kukho iindlela ezintathu zokujonga ii-router: i-AUI port, i-RJ-45 port, i-SC port, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokujonga ii-switch, ezifana ne-Console port, i-MGMT interface, i-RJ45 port, i-optical fiber interface, i-auc interface, i-vty interface kunye ne-vlanif Interface, njl.