Kubera ko "Gigabit Optical Network" yanditse muri raporo y'akazi ka leta ku nshuro ya mbere, kandi abaguzi barushaho gusaba ireme ry'itumanaho, "impinduramatwara" ya kabiri y'ivugurura ry'amatara mu mateka ya interineti y'igihugu cyanjye irimo gutangizwa.
Mu myaka icumi ishize, abakora mu Bushinwa bahinduye insinga z'umuringa zinjira mu rugo mu nsinga z'amashanyarazi (FTTH) mu myaka irenga 100, kandi kuri iyi ngingo, bashyize mu bikorwa serivisi z'amakuru yihuta ku miryango, kandi barangije impinduka ya mbere y'amakuru. "Revolution" yashyizeho urufatiro rw'ingufu z'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Mu myaka icumi iri imbere, insinga z'amashanyarazi zose (FTTR) z'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi mu rugo zizaba icyerekezo gishya n'uburyo bwo gukurura. Mu kuzana gigabit muri buri cyumba, bizashyiraho serivisi z'amakuru yihuta cyane zishingiye ku bantu n'aho bashyira amakuru, kandi bitange ubunararibonye bwiza bwa Broadband buzakomeza kwihutisha iyubakwa ry'ingufu z'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'ubukungu bw'ikoranabuhanga.
Uburyo rusange bwo kugera kuri gigabit mu rugo buhagaze
Nk'inkingi y'ingenzi y'isi igenda irushaho kuba ikoranabuhanga, uruhare rwa interineti mu bukungu bw'imibereho myiza rukomeje kwaguka. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Banki y'Isi bwerekana ko buri kwiyongera kwa 10% mu kwinjira kwa interineti bizatuma umusaruro w'igihugu uzamuka ku kigero cya 1.38%; "Inyandiko Yera ku Iterambere ry'Ubukungu bw'Ikoranabuhanga n'Umurimo mu Bushinwa (2019)" igaragaza ko umuyoboro wa miliyoni 180 z'amashanyarazi y'ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa utera inkunga ya tiriyari 31.3 z'amayuan mu bukungu bw'ikoranabuhanga. Hamwe n'igihe cya F5G cy'amajwi yose, interineti nayo irimo guhura n'amahirwe mashya y'iterambere.
Muri uyu mwaka, harateganywa "kongera kubaka imiyoboro ya 5G na miyoboro ya gigabit optique, no kunoza uburyo bwo gukoresha"; icyarimwe, "Gahunda ya 14 y'imyaka itanu" ivuga kandi "guteza imbere no kuvugurura imiyoboro ya gigabit optique fibre." Guteza imbere imiyoboro ya interineti kuva kuri 100M kugera kuri Gigabit byabaye ingamba y'ingenzi ku rwego rw'igihugu.
Ku miryango, gukoresha gigabit nabyo ni ikintu gikunze kugaragara muri rusange. Icyorezo gishya cya crown pneumonia cyateje imbere iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bushya n’imideli mishya. Umuryango ntukiri inkingi y’ubuzima gusa. Muri icyo gihe, ufite kandi imico y’imibereho nk’amashuri, ibitaro, ibiro, n’amakinamico, kandi wabaye ikigo cy’umusaruro nyakuri. Kandi internet yo mu rugo ni yo shingiro riteza imbere kwagura imico y’imibereho y’umuryango.
Ariko muri icyo gihe, porogaramu nshya nyinshi zo guhuza internet zazanye imbogamizi nyinshi kuri interineti yo mu rugo. Urugero, iyo ndeba ibiganiro bya televiziyo, amasomo yo kuri interineti, n'inama zo kuri interineti, nkunda guhura n'ibibazo byo gutitira, amajwi n'amashusho bitagenda neza. Ingo za 100M ntabwo zihagije buhoro buhoro. Kugira ngo twongere ubunararibonye bw'abaguzi kuri interineti n'uko bumva bashaka kugura, ni ngombwa ko habaho bandwidth ya gigabit, ndetse no gukomeza gutera imbere mu bipimo byo gutinda, igipimo cyo gutakaza pakiti, n'umubare w'itumanaho.
Mu by’ukuri, abaguzi ubwabo nabo "baratora n'ibirenge byabo" - bitewe n’itangizwa rya serivisi za interineti ya gigabit n’abakora mu ntara zitandukanye, abafatabuguzi ba gigabit bo mu gihugu cyanjye binjiye mu gihe cy’izamuka ryihuse mu mwaka ushize. Imibare igaragaza ko mu mpera za 2020, umubare w’abakoresha gigabit mu gihugu cyanjye uri hafi miliyoni 6.4, aho igipimo cy’izamuka ry’umwaka kigera kuri 700%.
FTTR: Kuyobora "impinduramatwara" ya kabiri y'ivugurura ry'urumuri
Igitekerezo cya "Buri cyumba gishobora kugera ku bunararibonye bwa serivisi ya Gigabit" gisa n'aho cyoroshye, ariko kiragoye. Uburyo bwo kohereza ubutumwa ni bwo bubangamira cyane ikoranabuhanga ryo mu rugo. Kuri ubu, ibipimo ntarengwa bya Wi-Fi relay zisanzwe, modem z'amashanyarazi za PLC, n'insinga za network ahanini biri hafi ya M 100. Ndetse n'imirongo ya 5 ikomeye cyane ntishobora kugera kuri gigabit. Mu gihe kizaza, izahinduka imirongo ya 6 n'iya 7.
Kubwibyo, mu myaka ya vuba aha, inganda zagiye zishyira umurongo ku murongo wa fibre optique. Igisubizo cya FTTR gigabit all-optical room networking gishingiye ku miterere y'ikoranabuhanga rya PON ni cyo gisubizo cy'ingenzi cy'itumanaho ryo mu rugo, cyizeye gutanga uburezi kuri interineti, ibiro kuri interineti, no gutangaza amakuru imbonankubone. Serivisi nshya nko gutwara imizigo, imyidagaduro ya e-sports, n'ubuhanga bwo mu nzu yose kugira ngo haboneke ubunararibonye bwiza kuri internet. Impuguke ikomeye mu nganda yagaragarije C114 ati: “Icyingenzi cyo kumenya ubushobozi bwa bandwidth ni imiterere ya frequency y'uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru. Imiterere ya frequency ya fibre optique ni inshuro ibihumbi icumi ugereranyije n'insinga za network. Ubuzima bwa tekiniki bwa fibre optique ni buke, mu gihe ubuzima bwa tekiniki bwa fibre optique butagira imipaka. Tugomba kureba ikibazo mu buryo bw'iterambere.”
By’umwihariko, igisubizo cya FTTR gifite ibintu bine by’ingenzi: umuvuduko wihuse, igiciro gito, guhindura byoroshye, no kurengera ibidukikije. Mbere na mbere, fibre optique izwiho ko ari yo ikoresha uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru bwihuta cyane. Ikoranabuhanga ry’ubucuruzi ririho ubu rishobora kugera ku bushobozi bwo kohereza amakuru bungana na amagana ya Gbps. Iyo fibre imaze gushyirwa mu nzu yose, nta mpamvu yo guhindura imirongo kugira ngo hazavugururwe umuyoboro wa 10Gbps wa 10G, ushobora kuvugwa ko ari wo uhoraho. Icya kabiri, inganda za fibre optique zimaze gukura kandi isoko rihagaze neza. Igiciro mpuzandengo kiri munsi ya 50% by’insinga ya network, kandi ikiguzi cyo guhindura amakuru nacyo kiri hasi.
Icya gatatu, ingano ya fibre optique ni hafi 15% by'insinga isanzwe ya network, kandi ni ntoya kandi yoroshye kongera kuyisana binyuze mu muyoboro. Ishyigikira fibre optique ibonerana, kandi umurongo ufunguye ntungiza imiterere, kandi abakoresha bemera byinshi; hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyishyiraho, butagengwa n'ubwoko bw'inzu nshya n'iza kera, n'umwanya wo kuyikoresha ni munini. Amaherezo, ibikoresho fatizo bya fibre optique ni umucanga (silika), urinda ibidukikije kandi urambye kurusha insinga ya network ya umuringa; icyarimwe, ifite ubushobozi bwinshi, irwanya ingese, kandi imara imyaka irenga 30.
Ku bakoresha, FTTR izaba uburyo bwiza bwo kugera ku bikorwa bitandukanye kandi binoze bya serivisi za interineti zo mu rugo, kubaka ikirango cy’umuyoboro w’urugo, no kongera ARPU y’abakoresha; izatanga kandi uburyo bukenewe mu iterambere ry’amazu agezweho no gushyigikira ubukungu bushya. Uretse ikoreshwa mu miyoboro y’urugo, FTTR irakwiriye cyane ku nyubako z’ubucuruzi, pariki n’izindi miyoboro y’ubucuruzi mu gace k’ubucuruzi, ibi bikaba bishobora gufasha abakoresha kuva ku miyoboro migari kugeza ku miyoboro y’akarere kugira ngo bafatanye n’abakoresha ubucuruzi.
FTTR iri hano
Bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa ndetse n'iterambere ry'uruhererekane rw'inganda, FTTR ntabwo iri kure cyane, iragaragara.
Muri Gicurasi 2020, Guangdong Telecom na Huawei batangije ku mugaragaro igisubizo cya mbere ku isi cy’umuyoboro w’urugo wa FTTR, cyabaye ikimenyetso cy’ingenzi cy’“impinduramatwara” ya kabiri y’ivugurura ry’urumuri n’intangiriro nshya yo guteza imbere serivisi za interineti mu rugo. Mu gushyira imiyoboro ya optique kuri buri cyumba no gushyiramo ishami rya Wi-Fi 6 ry’urumuri rw’urumuri n’agasanduku k’imbere, ishobora gushyigikira itumanaho rya super networking kuva kuri 1 kugeza kuri 16, ku buryo buri wese mu muryango, muri buri cyumba, na buri kanya agira ubunararibonye bwa super gigabit Broadband.
Kugeza ubu, igisubizo cya FTTR gishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya PON cyashyizwe ahagaragara ku bucuruzi n'abakora mu ntara n'imijyi 13 irimo Guangdong, Sichuan, Tianjin, Jilin, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Henan, n'ibindi, kandi abakora mu ntara n'imijyi irenga 30 barangije gahunda y'igerageza n'intambwe ikurikira yo gutegura.
Bitewe n' "Gahunda ya 14 y'imyaka itanu", "ibikorwa remezo bishya" n'izindi politiki nziza, ndetse n'igikenewe ku isoko ry'uburambe bw'abaguzi mu ngo zabo "kuva ku byiza kugera ku byiza" no "kuva ku byiza kugera ku byiza", byitezwe ko FTTR izaba mu myaka itanu iri imbere. Izagera kuri 40% by'ingo mu Bushinwa, ikomeze guteza imbere iterambere ry'ubwiza bwa "Broadband China", ifungure isoko rya miliyari amagana, kandi iteze imbere iterambere rya za tiriyari z'ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n'inganda zikoresha ikoranabuhanga mu ngo.
Shenzhen HUANET Technology CO., Ltd. Inatanga GPON OLT, ONU na PLC Splitter ku bakora imishinga myinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 10 Mata 2021