Zolemba pa Kapangidwe ka Fiber Transceiver!

Kukula mwachangu kwa ma network a fiber optic, kuphatikizapo ntchito za data zomwe zimayesedwa mu kuchuluka kwa deta kapena bandwidth, zikusonyeza kuti ukadaulo wotumizira ma fiber optic uli ndipo upitiliza kukhala gawo lofunika kwambiri la ma network amtsogolo. Opanga ma network akusangalala kwambiri ndi ma fiber optic solutions, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito ma fiber optic solutions kumathandiza kuti ma network architectures osinthasintha komanso maubwino ena monga EMI (electromagnetic interference) resiliency komanso chitetezo cha deta. Ma fiber optic transceivers amachita gawo lofunikira kwambiri pa ma fiber optic connections awa. Pakupanga fiber optic transceiver, pali zinthu zitatu zofunika kuziganizira: mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, mikhalidwe yamagetsi, ndi magwiridwe antchito a kuwala.
Kodi chosinthira kuwala kwa fiber optic ndi chiyani?

Chosinthira ma fiber optic ndi chinthu chodziyimira pawokha chomwe chimatumiza ndikulandira ma siginecha. Nthawi zambiri, chimalumikizidwa mu chipangizo chomwe chimapereka malo amodzi kapena angapo a transceiver module, monga rauta kapena netiweki yolumikizirana. Chotumiziracho chimatenga magetsi olowera ndikuchisintha kukhala kuwala kochokera ku laser diode kapena LED. Kuwala kochokera ku chotumizira kumalumikizidwa mu ulusi kudzera pa cholumikizira ndikutumizidwa kudzera mu chipangizo cha chingwe cha fiber optic. Kuwala kochokera kumapeto kwa ulusi kumalumikizidwa ku cholandirira, komwe chowunikira chimasintha kuwala kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi, chomwe chimakonzedwa moyenera kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi chipangizo cholandirira.​
Zoganizira za Kapangidwe
Maulalo a fiber optic amatha kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa deta pamtunda wautali poyerekeza ndi mayankho a waya wamkuwa, zomwe zapangitsa kuti ma fiber optic transceivers agwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri. Popanga ma fiber optic transceivers, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa.
Mkhalidwe wa chilengedwe
Vuto limodzi limabwera chifukwa cha nyengo yakunja—makamaka nyengo yoipa kwambiri pamalo okwera kapena owonekera. Zigawozi ziyenera kugwira ntchito m'malo ovuta kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri. Vuto lina lachilengedwe lokhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka fiber optic transceiver ndi malo a mamaboard omwe amaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya makina ndi mawonekedwe a kutentha.
Ubwino waukulu wa ma transceivers a fiber optic ndi wakuti mphamvu zawo zamagetsi sizimachepa. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kumeneku sikutanthauza kuti kapangidwe ka kutentha kanganyalanyazidwe pokonza makonzedwe a host. Mpweya wabwino kapena kuyenda kwa mpweya kuyenera kuphatikizidwa kuti kuthandize kutulutsa mphamvu ya kutentha yomwe imatulutsidwa mu module. Gawo la izi limakwaniritsidwa ndi khola lokhazikika la SFP lomwe lili pa bolodi la amayi, lomwe limagwiranso ntchito ngati njira yolumikizira mphamvu ya kutentha. Kutentha komwe kumanenedwa ndi Digital Monitor Interface (DMI) pamene mainframe ikugwira ntchito pa kutentha kwake kwakukulu ndiko kuyesa komaliza kwa magwiridwe antchito a kapangidwe ka kutentha konse ka dongosolo.
Mikhalidwe yamagetsi
Kwenikweni, transceiver ya fiber optic ndi chipangizo chamagetsi. Kuti deta yomwe imadutsa mu module ikhale yopanda zolakwika, magetsi opita ku module ayenera kukhala okhazikika komanso opanda phokoso. Chofunika kwambiri, magetsi omwe amayendetsa transceiver ayenera kusefedwa bwino. Zosefera zachizolowezi zafotokozedwa mu Multi-Source Agreement (MSA), yomwe inatsogolera kapangidwe koyambirira ka ma transceiver awa. Kapangidwe kamodzi kotere mu SFF-8431 specification kawonetsedwa pansipa.
Katundu wa kuwala
Kugwira ntchito kwa kuwala kumayesedwa mu bit error rate kapena BER. Vuto lopanga transceiver ya kuwala ndilakuti magawo a kuwala a transmitter ndi receiver ayenera kulamulidwa kuti kuchepetsa kulikonse komwe kungachitike kwa chizindikiro cha kuwala pamene chikuyenda pansi pa ulusi kusabweretse BER yoipa. Gawo lalikulu lofunika kwambiri ndi BER ya ulalo wonse. Ndiko kuti, poyambira ulalo ndiye gwero la chizindikiro chamagetsi chomwe chimayendetsa transmitter, ndipo pamapeto pake, chizindikiro chamagetsi chimalandiridwa ndi receiver ndikumasuliridwa ndi ma circuitry omwe ali mu host. Pa maulalo olumikizirana omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma transceiver a kuwala, cholinga chachikulu ndikutsimikizira magwiridwe antchito a BER patali zosiyanasiyana zolumikizira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kulumikizana kwakukulu ndi ma transceiver a chipani chachitatu kuchokera kwa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana.