A matsayin wani muhimmin ɓangare na sadarwar fiber na gani, na'urori masu amfani da kayan aiki sune na'urorin optoelectronic waɗanda ke gane ayyuka na juyawa na photoelectric da electro-optical Converter a cikin tsarin watsa siginar gani.
Na'urar gani na aiki a Layer na jiki na samfurin OSI kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin sadarwar fiber na gani.An haɗa shi da na'urorin optoelectronic (masu watsawa na gani, masu karɓa na gani), da'irori masu aiki, da mu'amalar gani.Babban aikinsa shine fahimtar canjin hoto da kuma ayyukan juyawa na lantarki a cikin sadarwar fiber na gani.Ana nuna ƙa'idar aiki na ƙirar gani a cikin tsarin tsarin aiki na ƙirar gani.
Matsakaicin aikawa yana shigar da siginar lantarki tare da takamaiman adadin lambar, kuma bayan sarrafa shi ta guntu direban ciki, siginar da aka daidaita na ƙimar daidai tana fitowa ta laser semiconductor laser (LD) ko diode mai fitar da haske (LED).Bayan watsawa ta hanyar fiber na gani, ƙirar mai karɓa tana watsa siginar gani Ana canzawa zuwa siginar lantarki ta diode photodetector, kuma siginar lantarki na ƙimar lambar daidai tana fitowa bayan wucewa ta na'urar preamplifier.
Menene mabuɗin aikin maɓalli na ƙirar gani
Yadda za a auna ma'auni na aikin na'urar gani?Za mu iya fahimtar alamun aikin na'urorin gani daga abubuwa masu zuwa.
Mai watsa kayan gani na gani
Matsakaicin ikon watsawa na gani
Matsakaicin ikon gani da aka watsa yana nufin fitowar wutar lantarki ta hanyar hasken haske a ƙarshen watsawar na'urar gani a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun, wanda za'a iya fahimta azaman ƙarfin haske.Ikon gani da aka watsa yana da alaƙa da rabon “1″ a cikin siginar bayanai da aka watsa.Yawan “1″, mafi girman ƙarfin gani.Lokacin da mai watsawa ya aika siginar jeri-bazuwar sigina, "1" da "0" kusan rabin kowanne.A wannan lokacin, ƙarfin da gwajin ya samu shine matsakaicin ƙarfin gani da ake watsawa, kuma naúrar shine W ko mW ko dBm.Daga cikinsu, W ko mW naúrar layi ce, kuma dBm naúrar logarithmic ce.A cikin sadarwa, yawanci muna amfani da dBm don wakiltar ikon gani.
Rabon Kashewa
Matsakaicin ɓarna yana nufin mafi ƙarancin ƙimar ƙimar matsakaicin ƙarfin gani na Laser lokacin fitar da duk "lambobin 1" zuwa matsakaicin ƙarfin gani da aka fitar lokacin da aka fitar da dukkan lambobin "0" ƙarƙashin cikakkun yanayin daidaitawa, kuma naúrar ɗin dB ce. .Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 1-3, lokacin da muka canza siginar lantarki zuwa siginar gani, Laser da ke cikin sashin watsa na'urar gani yana canza shi zuwa siginar gani gwargwadon ƙimar lambar siginar shigar da wutar lantarki.Matsakaicin ikon gani lokacin da duk lambobin “1 ″ suna wakiltar matsakaicin ikon laser na fitar da haske, matsakaicin ikon gani lokacin da duk lambobin “0″ suna wakiltar matsakaicin ikon Laser wanda ba ya fitar da haske, kuma rabon ɓarna yana wakiltar ikon. don bambance tsakanin sigina na 0 da 1, don haka ana iya ɗaukar rabon ɓarna a matsayin ma'auni na ingancin aikin laser.Matsakaicin mafi ƙarancin ƙima don ƙayyadaddun rabo daga 8.2dB zuwa 10dB.
Tsawon tsayin siginar gani na tsakiya
A cikin juzu'in fitarwa, tsayin daka yayi daidai da tsakiyar tsakiya na sashin layi mai haɗa madaidaicin ƙimar girman ℅ 50.Daban-daban na lasers ko lasers guda biyu na nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i)) suna da nau'i daban-daban na tsakiya saboda tsari, samarwa da sauran dalilai.Ko da Laser iri ɗaya na iya samun tsawon zangon tsakiya daban-daban a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.Gabaɗaya, masana'antun na'urorin gani da na'urorin gani na gani suna ba wa masu amfani da ma'auni, wato, tsawon zangon tsakiya (kamar 850nm), kuma wannan siga gabaɗaya kewayo ce.A halin yanzu, akwai galibin tsayin tsayin tsakiya guda uku na na'urorin gani da aka saba amfani da su: 850nm band, band 1310nm da 1550nm band.
Me yasa aka siffanta shi a cikin waɗannan makada guda uku?Wannan yana da alaƙa da asarar matsakaicin watsa fiber na gani na siginar gani.Ta hanyar ci gaba da bincike da gwaje-gwaje, an gano cewa asarar fiber yawanci yana raguwa tare da tsawon tsayin raƙuman ruwa.Asarar a 850nm ya ragu, kuma asarar a 900 ~ 1300nm ya zama mafi girma;yayin da a 1310nm, ya zama ƙasa, kuma asarar a 1550nm ita ce mafi ƙanƙanci, kuma asarar sama da 1650nm yana da wuyar karuwa.Don haka 850nm shine abin da ake kira gajeriyar taga mai tsayi, kuma 1310nm da 1550nm windows masu tsayin raƙuman ruwa ne.
Mai karɓar kayan aikin gani
Yawaita karfin gani
Hakanan an san shi da cikakken ikon gani, yana nufin matsakaicin matsakaicin shigar da ƙarfin gani wanda abubuwan ƙarshen karɓa zasu iya karɓa ƙarƙashin wani takamaiman ƙimar kuskure (BER=10-12) na ƙirar gani.Naúrar ita ce dBm.
Ya kamata a lura da cewa photodetector zai bayyana photocurrent jikewa sabon abu a karkashin karfi haske sakawa a iska mai guba.Lokacin da wannan al'amari ya faru, mai ganowa yana buƙatar wani ɗan lokaci don murmurewa.A wannan lokacin, hankalin mai karɓa yana raguwa, kuma alamar da aka karɓa za a iya kuskure.haifar da kurakuran code.Don sanya shi a sauƙaƙe, idan shigar da ƙarfin gani ya wuce wannan ƙarfin gani da yawa, yana iya haifar da lalacewa ga kayan aiki.Yayin amfani da aiki, yi ƙoƙarin guje wa ƙaƙƙarfan fiɗawar haske don hana wuce gona da iri.
Hankalin mai karɓa
Karɓar hankali yana nufin matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙarfin shigar da kayan gani wanda abubuwan ƙarshen karɓa zasu iya karɓa ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙayyadadden ƙimar kuskure (BER=10-12) na ƙirar gani.Idan ikon gani na watsawa yana nufin ƙarfin haske a ƙarshen aikawa, sa'an nan karɓar hankali yana nufin ƙarfin hasken da za a iya gano shi ta hanyar ƙirar gani.Naúrar ita ce dBm.
Gabaɗaya, mafi girman ƙimar, mafi muni da karɓar hankali, wato, mafi girman mafi ƙarancin ikon gani da aka karɓa, mafi girman abubuwan buƙatu don abubuwan ƙarshen karɓar na'urar gani.
Karɓi ikon gani
Ƙarfin gani da aka karɓa yana nufin matsakaicin kewayon ikon gani wanda abubuwan ƙarshen karɓa zasu iya karɓa ƙarƙashin yanayin wani ɗan kuskuren ɗan ƙaramin abu (BER=10-12) na ƙirar gani.Naúrar ita ce dBm.Matsakaicin iyakar ƙarfin gani da aka karɓa shine ƙarfin gani da yawa, kuma ƙananan iyaka shine matsakaicin ƙimar ƙimar karɓa.
Gabaɗaya magana, lokacin da ƙarfin gani da aka karɓa ya yi ƙasa da yadda ake karɓar hankali, ƙila ba za a karɓi siginar kullum ba saboda ƙarfin gani yana da rauni sosai.Lokacin da ƙarfin gani da aka karɓa ya fi ƙarfin ƙarfin gani da yawa, ƙila ba za a karɓi sigina akai-akai saboda kurakurai.
Cikakken fihirisar ayyuka
saurin dubawa
Matsakaicin adadin siginar lantarki na watsa mara kuskure wanda na'urorin gani zasu iya ɗauka, ma'aunin Ethernet ya ƙulla: 125Mbit/s, 1.25Gbit/s, 10.3125Gbit/s, 41.25Gbit/s.
Nisa watsawa
Nisan watsawa na na'urori masu gani yana iyakancewa ta hanyar asara da tarwatsewa.Asara ita ce asarar makamashin haske saboda sha, watsawa da zubar da matsakaici lokacin da aka watsa haske a cikin fiber na gani.Wannan ɓangaren makamashi yana ɓarna a wani ƙayyadadden ƙimar yayin da nisan watsawa ya karu.Watsawa ya samo asali ne saboda yadda igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki daban-daban suna yaduwa a cikin sauri daban-daban a cikin matsakaici guda, wanda ke haifar da nau'i daban-daban na siginar gani yana zuwa ƙarshen karɓa a lokuta daban-daban saboda tarawar nisan watsawa, wanda ke haifar da bugun jini. fadadawa, wanda ke sa ba zai yiwu a iya bambanta ƙimar sigina ba.
Dangane da ƙayyadaddun rarrabuwa na ƙirar gani, ƙayyadaddun nisa yana da nisa fiye da ƙarancin asarar asarar, don haka ana iya yin watsi da shi.Za'a iya ƙididdige iyakar asarar bisa ga ma'auni: asarar iyaka iyaka = (ikon gani da aka watsa - karɓar hankali) / fiber attenuation.Ƙaddamar da fiber na gani yana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da ainihin zaɓaɓɓen fiber na gani.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-27-2023