Umgaqo osebenzayo wemodyuli ye-optical

Njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yokunxibelelana kwe-fiber optical, iimodyuli ze-optical zizixhobo ze-optoelectronic eziqonda imisebenzi yokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-electro-optical kwinkqubo yokudluliselwa kwesignali ye-optical.
Imodyuli ye-optical isebenza kwinqanaba lomzimba lomzekelo we-OSI kwaye yenye yezinto eziphambili kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano lwefiber optical.Ikakhulu iqulunqwe izixhobo ze-optoelectronic (i-optical transmitters, i-optical receivers), iisekethe ezisebenzayo, kunye ne-optical interfaces.Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukuqonda ukuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric kunye nemisebenzi yokuguqula i-electro-optical kunxibelelwano lwefiber optical.Umgaqo osebenzayo wemodyuli ye-optical uboniswe kumzobo womgaqo wokusebenza wemodyuli ye-optical.

I-interface yokuthumela ifaka isignali yombane kunye neqondo elithile lekhowudi, kwaye emva kokucutshungulwa yi-chip yangaphakathi yomqhubi, i-modulated signal optical yezinga elihambelanayo ikhutshwe yi-laser semiconductor laser (LD) okanye i-light-emitting diode (LED).Emva kokudluliselwa nge-fiber optical, i-interface efunyenweyo idlulisela uphawu lwe-optical Iguqulwa ibe ngumqondiso wombane nge-photodetector diode, kunye nomqondiso wombane wezinga elihambelanayo lekhowudi liphuma emva kokudlula kwi-preamplifier.
Ziziphi iimpawu zokusebenza eziphambili zemodyuli ye-optical
Indlela yokulinganisa isalathisi sokusebenza semodyuli ye-optical?Sinokuqonda izibonakaliso zokusebenza zeemodyuli ze-optical ukusuka kule miba ilandelayo.
Ukuhanjiswa kwemodyuli ye-optical
Umndilili wokuhambisa amandla okukhanya
I-avareji ye-optical power transmitted power ibhekisela kwi-optical power output ngumthombo wokukhanya ekupheleni kokuhambisa imodyuli ye-optical phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza, ezinokuqondwa njengokukhanya kokukhanya.Amandla okukhanya adlulisiweyo anxulumene nomlinganiselo "we-1" kwisignali yedatha egqithisiweyo.Okukhona “1”, kokukhona umandla obonayo makhulu.Xa isidlulisi sithumela isiginali yolandelelwano olungacwangciswanga, "1" kunye "no-0" i-akhawunti yesiqingatha nganye.Ngeli xesha, amandla afunyenwe ngovavanyo yi-avareji ye-optical power transmitted, kwaye iyunithi yi-W okanye i-mW okanye i-dBm.Phakathi kwazo, iW okanye i-mW yiyunithi yomgca, kwaye i-dBm yiyunithi yelogarithmic.Kunxibelelwano, siqhele ukusebenzisa i-dBm ukumela amandla okukhanya.
Umlinganiselo wokuphela
Umlinganiselo wokutshabalala ubhekiselele kwixabiso eliphantsi lomlinganiselo we-avareji yamandla optical welaser xa ukhupha zonke “1″ iikhowudi kumandla optical avareji akhutshwayo xa zonke “0” iikhowudi zikhutshwa phantsi kweemeko zokumodareyitha ngokupheleleyo, kwaye iyunithi yidB. .Njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 1-3, xa siguqula isignali yombane kwi-signal optical, i-laser kwindawo yokudlulisa imodyuli ye-optical iguqula ibe ngumqondiso we-optical ngokwezinga lekhowudi ye-input signal signal.Umndilili wamandla okubona xa zonke “1″ iikhowudi zimele amandla omndilili welaser ekhupha isibane, amandla omndilili optical xa zonke iikhowudi “0″ zimele umndilili wamandla elaser angakhuphi kukhanya, kwaye umyinge wokuphela umele amandla. ukwahlula phakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-1 yeempawu, ngoko ke umlinganiselo we-Extinction unokuthathwa njengomlinganiselo we-laser yokusebenza kakuhle.Ubuncinane obuqhelekileyo bomlinganiselo wokuphela ukusuka kwi-8.2dB ukuya kwi-10dB.
Ubude obusembindini besibonakaliso sokukhanya
Kwi-spectrum ye-emission, i-wavelength ehambelana ne-midpoint yecandelo lomgca odibanisa i-50℅ amaxabiso aphezulu e-amplitude.Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeelaser okanye iilaser ezimbini zohlobo olufanayo ziya kuba nobude obuhlukeneyo beziko ngenxa yenkqubo, imveliso kunye nezinye izizathu.Nokuba i-laser efanayo inokuba nobude obuhlukeneyo beziko phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo.Ngokuqhelekileyo, abavelisi bezixhobo ze-optical kunye neemodyuli ze-optical zinika abasebenzisi ipharamitha, oko kukuthi, i-wavelength yeziko (ezifana ne-850nm), kwaye le parameter ngokubanzi uluhlu.Okwangoku, kukho ubukhulu becala amaza amathathu asembindini weemodyuli ze-optical ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo: 850nm band, 1310nm band kunye ne-1550nm band.
Kutheni ichazwa kula macandelo mathathu?Oku kuhambelana nokulahleka kwe-optical fiber transmission medium ye-optical signal.Ngophando oluqhubekayo kunye novavanyo, kufunyenwe ukuba ilahleko yefiber ihlala iyancipha kunye nobude be-wavelength.Ilahleko kwi-850nm ingaphantsi, kwaye ilahleko kwi-900 ~ 1300nm iba phezulu;ngelixa kwi-1310nm, iba ngaphantsi, kwaye ilahleko kwi-1550nm iyona nto iphantsi, kwaye ilahleko engaphezulu kwe-1650nm ivame ukunyuka.Ke i-850nm yeyona nto ibizwa ngokuba yifestile yobude obufutshane, kwaye i-1310nm kunye ne-1550nm ziifestile ezinde zamaza.
Umamkeli wemodyuli yokubona
Ukulayisha ngaphezulu kwamandla okukhanya
Ikwaziwa njengamandla optical ahluthiweyo, ibhekisa kumandla okukhanya aphakathi kwegalelo aphezulu apho amalungu esiphelo esifumanayo anokuwafumana phantsi komlinganiselo othile wempazamo encinci (BER=10-12) yemodyuli yokubona.Iyunithi yi-dBm.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-photodetector iya kubonakala i-photocurrent saturation phenomenon phantsi kwe-irradiation enamandla.Xa le nto isenzeka, i-detector idinga ixesha elithile lokubuyisela.Ngeli xesha, uvakalelo olufumanayo luyancipha, kwaye isignali efunyenweyo inokugwetywa kakubi.bangela iimpazamo zekhowudi.Ukuyibeka ngokulula, ukuba igalelo lamandla optical lidlula lo mandla optical overload, kunokubangela umonakalo kwisixhobo.Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kunye nokusebenza, zama ukunqanda ukukhanya okuqinileyo kokukhanya ukuthintela ukugqithiswa kwamandla okukhanya okugqithisileyo.
Umamkeli ubuntununtunu
Ukufumana ubuntununtunu kubhekiselele kubuncinci be-avareji yegalelo lamandla optical anokufunyanwa ngamacandelo esiphelo sokufumana phantsi komlinganiselo othile wempazamo encinci (BER=10-12) yemodyuli yokubona.Ukuba i-transmit optical power ibhekisela ekukhanyeni kokukhanya ekupheleni kokuthumela, ngoko ukufumana ubuntununtunu kubhekisela ekukhanyeni kokukhanya okunokuthi kubonwe yimodyuli ye-optical.Iyunithi yi-dBm.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, isantya esiphezulu, sibi kakhulu ukufumana uvakalelo, oko kukuthi, ubukhulu obuncinane obufunyenweyo obubonakalayo bokukhanya, buphezulu iimfuno zamacandelo okuphela kokufumana imodyuli ye-optical.
Kufunyenwe amandla optical
Amandla okukhanya afunyenweyo abhekiselele kumyinge woluhlu lwamandla optical apho amacandelo okuphela kokufumana angawafumana phantsi komlinganiselo othile wempazamo encinci (BER=10-12) yemodyuli ye-optical.Iyunithi yi-dBm.Umda ophezulu wamandla optical afunyenweyo yi-overload yamandla optical, kwaye umda ophantsi uxabiso eliphezulu lokufumana uvakalelo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa amandla optical afunyenweyo ephantsi kunovakalelo olufumanayo, isignali ayinakufunyanwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokuba amandla okukhanya abuthathaka kakhulu.Xa amandla optical afunyenweyo emakhulu kunamandla optical alayishwe kakhulu, iisignali zisenokungafunyanwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yeempazamo ezincinci.
Isalathisi sokusebenza esibanzi
isantya sojongano
Isantya esiphezulu sombane wombane wokudluliselwa kwe-error-free ukuba izixhobo ezibonakalayo ziyakwazi ukuthwala, umgangatho we-Ethernet uchaza: 125Mbit / s, 1.25Gbit / s, 10.3125Gbit / s, 41.25Gbit / s.
Umgama wothumelo
Umgama wokuhanjiswa kweemodyuli ze-optical ikakhulu ukhawulelwe ngokulahleka kunye nokusabalalisa.Ilahleko kukulahlekelwa kwamandla okukhanya ngenxa yokufunxa, ukusasazeka kunye nokuvuza kwendawo ephakathi xa ukukhanya kuhanjiswa kwifiber optical.Le nxalenye yamandla ichithwa ngesantya esithile njengoko umgama wothumelo usanda.Ukusasazwa ikakhulu kubangelwa kukuba amaza ombane ombane ohlukeneyo obude bamaza asasazeka ngezantya ezahlukeneyo kumbindi ofanayo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zamaza ophawu lokukhanya ezifika kwindawo yokwamkela ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ngenxa yokuqokeleleka komgama wothumelo, okukhokelela kukubetha kwentliziyo. ukwandisa, okwenza kube nzima ukwahlula ixabiso lemiqondiso.
Ngokumalunga nokusabalalisa okulinganiselweyo kwemodyuli ye-optical, umgama olinganiselweyo ukhulu kakhulu kunomgama omncinci welahleko, ngoko unokungahoywa.Umda welahleko unokuqikelelwa ngokwefomula: ilahleko yomgama olinganiselweyo = (amandla okukhanya adluliselweyo - ukufumana uvakalelo) / i-fiber attenuation.Ukunciphisa i-fiber optical inxulumene kakhulu neyona nto ikhethiweyo yefiber optical.